The document describes three experiments that tested subjects' ability to maintain balance and spatial orientation under different conditions. In the first experiment, subjects tried to catch a ball with their eyes open and closed while standing on one foot. In the second, subjects stood on one foot with eyes open and closed. In the third, subjects stood on one foot with eyes open and closed while looking at the ceiling. The results found that subjects had more difficulty maintaining balance and orientation with their eyes closed compared to open in all experiments. The document also discusses the importance of visual, vestibular, kinesthetic, and exteroreceptive cues for spatial orientation and balance. It notes that the body uses corrective motions to keep its center of gravity aligned

1. Proprioception and Spatial
Orientation
Baldeo, Biendima, Go, Olivar, Soriano

2. Methodology

3. Condition I
In a single
rapid try

4. Condition II

5. Condition III
Looking at ceiling
while standing on
one foot

6. Results I
Subject 1 Subject 2
Eyes Opened Missed Touched
Eyes Closed Missed Missed

7. Results III
Subject 1 Subject 2
Eyes Opened Able to maintain balance
Wobbled a bit
Arms wobbled
Legs swayed a bit
Eyes Closed Body shaking
Feet wobbled
uncontrollably
Stable

8. Results II
Subject 1 Subject 2
Eyes Opened Body adjusts to the side of
the foot on the ground
Body wobbled
Foot on ground wobbled
Body leaned towards the
foot on the ground
Eyes Closed Wobbled left and right
Moves about rapidly
Person can’t seem to find
center of gravity
Swayed to the left
Body wobbled
uncontrolably

9. Proprioceptive Sensations
• Sensations relating to the physical state of the
body
• Static position sense vs. Rate of movement
sense

10. Cues Important in Spatial Orientation
• Visual Cues
– Slight linear or rotational movement of the
body, instantaneously shifts the visual images of
the retina, and this information is relayed to the
equilibrium center

11. Cues Important in Spatial Orientation
• Vestibular cues
– Proper orientation of our head, limbs, and entire
body is achieved by reflex signals originating
from the vestibular apparatus.

12. Cues Important in Spatial Orientation
• Kinesthetic cues
– Joint receptors of the neck
– Pressure sensations from footpads (Baroreceptors)
– Muscle spindles

13. Cues Important in Spatial Orientation
• Exteroreceptive
information
– Important when a person
is in motion
– Air pressure against the
front of the body signals
that a force is opposing
the body in a direction
different from that
caused by the
gravitational pull; as a
result, the person leans
forward to oppose this

14. Corrective motions for balance
The body moves to a position
such that its center of gravity
falls on the same longitudinal
axis as that of its foundation