The document discusses modals of deduction used to make guesses about past events. It explains that "must have" is used to indicate something is very sure or possible at 99%, "can't have" means something is very sure or impossible at 99%, and "may/might/could have" suggests something is possible at 50%. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of these modals in making deductions. The document also provides practice for the reader to make their own past deductions.

1. Modals of Deduction 2

2. Modals of Deduction 2We are going to look at deduction in the pastYou are going to practice by making Some sentences

3. Modals of DeductionWe can also make deductions about the 'How do you think the burglar got in?''Hemusthave climbed through the window.'To make guesses about the past; = Modal verb + have + past participle

4. Modals of DeductionWe can also make deductions about the 'How do you think the burglar got in?''Hemusthave climbed through the window.'To make guesses about the past; He must have climbed through the window. = Very sure - we think it's possible - 99%

5. He can’t have come through the door.= Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

6. He may / might / could have escaped through the window. = We think it's possible - 50%How many past deductionscan you make about these photos ? Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

7. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

8. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%He must have robbed a bankHe can’t have Taken much moneyThe police might have Seen him Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

9. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

10. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

11. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

12. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%They must have caught himHe can’t have escapedThey may have sent him to prison for a long time Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

13. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

14. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

15. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

16. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%She must have won MISS WORLDShe can’t have expected to win MISS WORLDShe may have won Miss World Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

17. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

18. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

19. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

20. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%The car must have crashedThey can’t have been hurtThey may have been driving Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

21. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

22. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

23. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

24. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%They must have been travellingThey can’t have gone by trainThey might have been on holiday Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

25. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

26. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

27. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

28. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%They must have been angryIt can’t have been an accidentThe computer may have beenvery slow Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

29. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

30. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

31. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

32. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%He must have been working very hardhe can’t have finishedHe could have gone to bed late last night Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

33. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

34. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

35. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

36. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%It must have been rainingIt can’t have been for longIt might have been a shower Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

37. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

38. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

39. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

40. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50%He must have scoredHis teammight have wonThe game Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

41. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

42. may / might / could have - We think it's possible - 50% Must have - Very sure - we think it's possible 99%

43. Can’t have - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%