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Modals of obligation
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- 2. What are MODALVERBS? • HE MUST TOMORROW • They are auxiliary verbs, they go with other verbs
- 3. What are MODALVERBS? • HE CAN WILL MEET YOU • 2 modals verbs cannot go together • HE MUST TO MEET YOU TOMORROW • Followed by infinitive without “to”, except modal verb HAVE TO.
- 4. What are MODALVERBS? • HE CANS MEET YOU • Don’t have 3rd person “-s” • LAST YEAR I CANNED • Don’t have endings like -ed, -ing, etc
- 5. MUST & HAVETO • I must finish my homework before 8 • We have to start work at 9 am They are both used to express that something is necessary
- 6. MUST • I mustfind a hotel to stay at tonight • The speaker decides that something is necessary (INTERNAL decision)
- 7. HAVE TO • Ihave to wear a uniform • Somebody else has made the decision, it’s not the speaker’s opinion (EXTERNAL decision)
- 8. OTHER TENSES • MUST:past & future with HAVE TO • When I was young, we had to wear a uniform at school • Next year you will have to study harder
- 9. MUSTN’T & DON’THAVE TO • Very different meanings in negative: • You mustn’t open the door • You don’t have to open the door
- 10. MUSTN’T • You mustn’topen the door. Lately there have been many robberies in the neighbourhood. • (It’s forbidden /prohibited) • =can’t/be not allowed to
- 11. DON’T HAVE TO •You don’t have to open the door. I have the keys. • (It’s not necessary)
- 12. SHOULD / SHOULDN’T •I think you should see the doctor • I think you shouldn’t watch so much TV • =ought to/ought not to • Give an opinion about what’s the best thing do do. • Not as strong as MUST /HAVE TO: • You must see the doctor • You have to see the doctor (You have no alternative, strong recommendation)