The document discusses the past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense in English grammar. The past perfect tense is used to refer to an action that was completed before another past action. It is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb. The past perfect continuous tense refers to an action that was ongoing up until another past action interrupted it. It is formed using "had been" plus the present participle ("-ing" form) of the main verb. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage of each tense.

1. PastPerfectsimple – continuous.

2. It is used to refer to actions which took place before another action in the past. ex : Yesterday, between 4 pm and 6 pm, Paul played a game of tennis with a friend. His mother arrived at 6 pm. When his mother arrived, Paul had finished the game.The Past Perfect tense

3. His mother arrived at 6 pm. When his mother arrived, Paul had finished the game.

4. Positive: Subject + had + verb past participle + object(s) + time ExpressionNegative: Subject + had not (hadn't) + verb past participle+ object(s) + time ExpressionQuestions: (Question Word) + had + subject +verb past participle+ object(s) + time ExpressionForm

5. It is used for: A past action that continued over a period of time but stopped before another action happened or before a specific time. ex : Before his mother arrived, Paul had been playing tennis with a friend. The Past Perfect Continuous

6. A past action that continued over a period of time until another action interrupted it.ex: He had been playing for an hour when his mother arrived.Past Nowone hour He had been playingFor 1 hour his mom arrived

7. Positive: Subject + had + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time ExpressionNegative: Subject + had not (hadn't) + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time ExpressionQuestions: (Question Word) + had + subject + been + verb +ing + object(s) + time ExpressionForm