The document discusses the use of the phrases "should have" and "shouldn't have" to talk about past actions. It states that "should have" is used to suggest the best or most correct option in a past situation, while "shouldn't have" refers to an incorrect past action. The structure is subject + "should have/shouldn't have" + past participle verb. Several examples are provided to illustrate the affirmative, negative, and question forms of these phrases. Short answers using "should've" and "shouldn't have" are also mentioned.