The document discusses the past perfect tense in English. It explains that the past perfect is used to talk about actions that were completed before something else in the past. It provides examples of using the past perfect to express a completed action before another past action and to indicate a duration up until a past time. The structure and forms of the past perfect are also explained, including its use with specific time phrases. Exercises are included to practice forming the past perfect.

2. The 10 th of May Tuesday

3. the Past Perfect tense What is this tense . . . . . . and when do we use it in English? What is the structure of Past perfect? There is any difference or same things between Past perfect and Simple Past?

5. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Use 1: Completed Action Before Something in the Past The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past

6. Examples: ~Use 1: Completed Action Before Something in the Past 1. She only understood the movie because she had read the book. 2. I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I went to Hawaii.

7. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Use 2: Duration Before Something in the Past We can also use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

8. Examples: ~Use 2: Duration Before Something in the Past 1. We had owned our car for 10 years before it finally died. 2. They had been married for 5 years when they had their first child.

9. Meaning of Past Perfect: ~Important Note: Specific Times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect Tense , it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible , it is usually not necessary.

10. Example: ~Specific Times: Often, you can use the simple past OR the past perfect. She had visited the U.S. once in 2000 before she moved here in 2005. 2. She visited the U.S. once in 2000 before she moved here in 2005. past perfect simple past

11. Past Perfect tense How do we make the present perfect tense in English? Can you think of the grammar rule? He had already left when she called.

12. Form: This grammar has 2 parts: Had + verb past participle *use HAD for all subjects

13. Negative Form: had not + verb (past participle) OR hadn’t + verb (past participle) Example: The teacher hadn’t finished correcting papers when the students started to arrive.

14. Question Form: had +subject + verb (past participle) Example: Had she finished cleaning home when her parents arrived at home? Answers: Yes she had finished Or she had . No she hadn’t finished Or she hadn’t .

15. We use both of them to talk about past events. We use both of them to talk about specific time.

16. More Practice: Complete each sentence with the past perfect form of the verb given. ready? set? Practice!

17. Karen ____________ (finish) making dinner by the time her husband came home. When I arrived at the store, it ___________ (close) already. had finished had closed

18. More Practice: I lost the key that he ………… (give) to me. She told me that she ……… (see) a ghost. I went downstairs because I …….. (hear) a noise. When they came home, Sue …….. (cook) dinner already. We could not send you a postcard because we …… (forget) our address book.

19. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative). The waiter served something that we ………. (not / order) . He went to Alaska where he …… (not / be) before. She put on the red dress, which she …… (not / wear) for ages. He ……. (not / play) tennis before that day. His mother was angry because he ……. (not / help) her with the shopping.

20. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema? (why / you / clean) the bathroom before you bathed the dog? (you / have) breakfast before you came here? (she / find) a place to stay when she went to Boston? (where / she / live) before she moved to Chicago?

21. The End