Present perfect tense

1. The Past
Perfect
&
The Past
Perfect
Progressive

2. Past Perfect
• positive/negative/question:
• P: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?

3. Usage:
• 1.Past action which happened before
another action or before a stated time in the
past.
[First action is in the Past Perfect, Second
action is in the Past simple]
• Ex: He had left by the time I got there. (or
by 8:15)

4. Time expressions:
• After:
• After + past perfect + past simple
• Past simple + After+ past perfect
• Ex: After I had eaten lunch, I had a doze.
• Before/By the time:
• Before + past simple + past perfect
• Past perfect + By The Time + past simple
• Ex: I had eaten lunch before I had a doze.
• By the time I was three I had learned to walk

5. • As soon as:
• As Soon As + past perfect + past simple
• Past simple + As Soon As + past perfect
• Ex: As soon as I had come, I took a shower.
• till/until:
• Past simple + Till / Until + past perfect
• (negative)

6. Past Perfect Continuous
• positive/negative/question:
• P: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?

7. Usage:
• You can say that something had been
happening for a period of time before
something else happened:
Ex: We’d been playing tennis for about half
an hour when it started to rain heavily.

8. Time expressions:
• for, since, the whole day, all day