The document discusses the past continuous tense in English grammar. It explains that the past continuous is used to describe background activities or situations that were ongoing at a specific time in the past. It provides examples of using the past continuous to set the scene before describing events using the past simple tense. It also compares the past continuous and past simple. Additionally, it outlines the form, usage and structure of the past continuous tense, including positive and negative statements and questions. Finally, it discusses how nouns are related to the past continuous, including noun markers, endings and forming plurals.

1. Past Continuous
Tense
By : Group 3

2. Looking at Language
Use
We use the past continuous to set the scene (give an idea
of the background situation) for a story. The events of
the story are described using the past simple :
• I was reading a book (background situation) and a
man rushed in (event).
Sometimes the events happen at the same time as the
background situation:
• While I was sleeping, my mother made me a meal.

3. Compare the past continuous with the past simple:
I read a book (Event 1) and a man rushed in(Event 2).
The past simple (read) here suggests that she read the
book before the man rushed in, and that the reading was
an event.

4. • We use the past continuous when we are interested in activities
going on around a particular time, not their starting and
finishing times or the order in which they happened:
This time last year I was working for two different
companies, I was studying for a diploma and I was trying to
buy a house. It was a pretty busy time!
Compare this with:
I worked for three months, I did a diploma and I bought a
house.
The past simple here suggest a sequence (one thing after another)
and complation (each event was finished).

5. FORM
Positive statements Negative
Statements
Introgative
Statements
I / She / He / It:
was working
You / we / they
were working
I was not
(wasn’t) working
You were not
(weren’t) working
Where was he
working?
Why were they
working?
Yes / No questions Positive short
answers
Negative shorts
answers
Was she working?
Were you working?
Yes, she was.
Yes, we were.
No, she wasn’t
No, we weren’t

6. OTHER SOURCES
The past continuous tense is most often used for
actions happening at some time in the past.
It is used to express a continued or on going action in
past, an on going action which occurred in past and
completed at some point in past. Past continuous tense is
also called past progressive.

7. Structure sentences
1. Positive Sentence
S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present participle
2. Negative Sentence
S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present
participle
3. Introgative Sentence
be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present participle?

8. Verbal and Nominal in Past
Continuous
a) The Past Continuous Tense in the Form of
Verbal:
• (+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O
• (-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing + O
• (?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O

9. • Example:
(+) He was confused in studying grammar
yesterday in school.
(-) He was not confused in studying grammar
yesterday in school.
(?) Was he confused in studying grammar
yesterday in school?

10. b) The Past Continuous Tense in the Form of
Nominal:
• (+) S + to be 2 + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
• (-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA
• (?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
• Example:
(+) She was lazy.
(-) She was not lazy.
(?) Was she lazy?

11. Past Continuous Related by
Noun  Name of place, things, person, feeling, ideas
 Noun markers
 Noun endings
 Made Plural with es/s

12. Name of place, things, person,
feeling, ideas
 Place
Example : University, Library, Class, Garden, Mall, etc
 Things
Example : Bolpoint, Book, Bag, Cloth, Shoes,etc
 Persons
Example : Teacher, Lecturer, Isma, Afi, Fitri, Ade, etc
 Feeling
Example : Hate, Delight, Clarity, Anger, Joy, Love

13. Ideas
Example : Justice, Knowledge, Attention, Chaos,
Panic
-Example:
- When i was singing in bathroom, Mom called
me
- Anger is written in his face, when I was
borrowing his phone.
- She look panic when I was telling him about
her boyfriend.

14. Nouns markers
a, an, the
 The is called the definite article because it
usually precedes a specific or previously
mentioned noun;
 a and an are called indefinite articles because
they are used to refer to something in a less
specific manner (an unspecified count noun).

15.  The is used with specific nouns. The is required
when the noun it refers to represents something
that is one of a kind.
Example: While he was reading the newspaper, he felt
asleep.
 We use a before singular count-nouns that begin
with consonants (a cow, a barn, a sheep)
Example: When I was buying a bicycle, he called
me.

16. We use an before singular count-nouns that
begin with vowels or vowel-like sounds (an apple,
an urban blight, an open door).
Example: When I went home yesterday, an apple
was standing on the table.

17. Noun endings
 Ure
example: failure, picture. My designer was designing my gown
according the picture.
 Ment
example: entertaiment, judgement, development
 Ance, ence, ancy, ency
Example:
She was watching my performance.
Your misbehaviour was making my patience runs out.
My mother was going to the hospital to checks her pregnancy just
now.
He came late because he was handling his student's deliquency.

18. The formation of noun from adjective with regular
change
 Ness
example: goodness, happiness, sickness. I was
studying in the darkness tonight.
Ity
ex : lucidity ,disparity. My brother was looking
the disparity about angiosperm and gymnosperm.
 Ion
example: action, connection, combination. I heard
he was delivering his opinion in meeting
yesterday.

19. Made Plural with es/s
Plural often used for noun. To show that more
than one object, made plural by adding a final –s
and –es. Plural divided into two part of noun,
namely :
Countable nouns (objects that can be calculated)
example:
friend = friends (you were going with my friends).
book = books (they were reading books).

20. Uncountable noun (object can’t be calculated)
not use –s and –es for final object, by category
:
• Fluids : water, milk, oil soup
• Gases : air, oxygen, pollution
• Abstractions : help, laughter, luck, health
• We can’t use –s and –es for final object like
the one above

21.  Note that an apostrophe is not needed before the
–s to make a plural :
There a couple of basic variations of this rule :
Nouns that end in, sh, ch, s,-z and x add a final –
es to form the plural :
Ash = ashes Bus = Buses
Luch = lunches Waltz = waltzes

22.  For nouns that end in consonant +y , the ending
change to –ies:
Theory = theories
Study = studies
Librabry = libraries
• Example: We were going to libraries

23. Thankyou
For Your Attention
Wassalamualaikum
Wr. Wb.