Our future battle field system will have more difficulties to maintain security, because of increasing military competitive. Ability to understand, predict and adopt the vast array of inter-networked things is very difficult. Unwanted fire, unauthorized human intervention and other object movement will play major important role for affecting military environment. This project aims to help our future military environment by introducing new technology LoRaWAN in IoT (Internet of Things). LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a state -of- art commercial of the self (COTS) technology. This project consist of sensors, embedded microcontrollers equipped with LoRaWAN, embedded processors equipped with LoRaWAN and cloud technology. By introducing this new technology in our future military environment we can easily find out criminal activities and fire hazards.
In this paper, we provide the solution for physically challenged people like hearing impaired people .It is a
smart application works for the hearing impaired people. People with hearing loss have move through the
activities of daily living at home, at work and in business situations. People may face the difficulty in hearing
the environment sounds and identifying the sounds. Our main contribution for the hearing impaired people is
to make them understand the type of sounds which is useful to them. The conventional sound recognition
techniques are not directly applicable since the background noise and reverberations are high which leads to
low performance. A deep neural network which is capable of classifying and predicting the information from
unstructured data such as image, text or sounds that makes the machine to get the environmental sounds. In
this paper, a deep learning algorithm called CNN(convolution neural network) which classify the sound audio
clips. This model will results the accuracy of 80% which is higher than the conventional technique .It achieves
good results comparable to other approaches.
deep learning; convolution neural network; feature extraction; sound recognition; sound event
classification.
Flooding is considered one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. In countries like India with
climatic conditions occurrence of heavy rain fall and subsequent discharge of water leads to Flood. Flooding
creates major damages to life , their habitats and the economy By installing of flood alerting systems near
major waterways vital information can be provide so that lives and property can be protected. Normal Weather
monitoring and alerting systems are not quick and accurate enough to predict floods in time to prevent personal or
environmental damages. The government has to spend tons of money in flood mitigation plans to help the victims
and also to reduce the number in the long run damages that can occur after flooding. Since Most of the flood alerting
systems involves high cost they are deployed on select locations based on priority.In this project we make use of a
cost effective system using raspberry pi board and sensors, to measure flood flow rate and rise of water level in
revvers and water bodies and alert government authorities and people instantly by transmitting information using
IOT. In the present work we have used thingspeak-IOT platform . The data can be accessed from android smart
phones using thingsView mobile application at any time from anywhere in the world.
Internet Of Things(IoT) is emerging technology in future world.The term IoT comprises of Cloud computing, Data mining,
Big data analytics, hardware board. The Security and Interoperability is a main factor that influences the IoT Enegy
consumption is also main fator for IoT application designing.The various protocols such as MQTT,AMQP,XMPP are used in
IoT.This paper analysis the various protocols used in Internet of Things.
Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within an ordinary, non-secret, file or
message in order to avoid detection; the secret data is then extracted at its destination. The use of
steganography can be combined with encryption as an extra step for hiding or protecting data. The
word steganographyis derived from the Greek words steganos(hidden or covered) and the Greek root
graph(write).Steganography is dedicated for covert communication. It changes the image in such a way
that only the sender and the intended receiver can detect the message sent through it. Since it is
invisible, the detection of secret data is not simple.
Wildlife entering in to populated areas has
recently become very Popular. The space for wild
animals is decreasing as humans are encroaching
forests. It creates great loss to property and life
when wild animals enter in to cities. We use latest
advances in technology such as Internet of Things
(IoT) to create an alert system of possible wildlife
leaving the forest and also the message will send to
the users Mobile to alert them. We use low cost
motion detectors and Passive Infrared sensors to
achieve this. We relay information of such motion
to a control centre to take further actions. We also
include making loud noise through speakers in
which the animals cannot enter in to land. The
basic idea of IoT is to connect different sensors
and establish communication and also provide
services. In this article, we make use of several IoT
devices at the periphery of natural reserve to
create an alert system. This system can also be
used to find out smugglers and other people
illegally entering in to the forest.
The current paper is mainly about maintaining a secure
environment and also free from thefts that are happening
in our home. The present paper discusses about the
detection of intruders with the help of the various
devices and software.. OpenCV(open source computer
vision) is the major software that is being used in our
present work. For detecting faces we are using various
algorithms like Haar cascade, linear SVM, deep neural
network etc. The main method that we have proposed in
our work is, if any person comes in front of the pi
camera, first it will look for potential matches that we
have already stored in our system If the module finds a
match then it continues to record until any intruder
comes. If the face is not recognized then the unknown
person’s face will be captured and a snap shot will be
sent to the user’s email. The device is developed using
Raspberry Pi b+ with 1.4 GHz quad core processor,
raspberry pi camera module and a Wireless dongle to
communicate with user’s email.
OpenCV, Rassberry pi, python
In this paper, we provide the solution for physically challenged people like hearing impaired people .It is a
smart application works for the hearing impaired people. People with hearing loss have move through the
activities of daily living at home, at work and in business situations. People may face the difficulty in hearing
the environment sounds and identifying the sounds. Our main contribution for the hearing impaired people is
to make them understand the type of sounds which is useful to them. The conventional sound recognition
techniques are not directly applicable since the background noise and reverberations are high which leads to
low performance. A deep neural network which is capable of classifying and predicting the information from
unstructured data such as image, text or sounds that makes the machine to get the environmental sounds. In
this paper, a deep learning algorithm called CNN(convolution neural network) which classify the sound audio
clips. This model will results the accuracy of 80% which is higher than the conventional technique .It achieves
good results comparable to other approaches.
deep learning; convolution neural network; feature extraction; sound recognition; sound event
classification.
Flooding is considered one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. In countries like India with
climatic conditions occurrence of heavy rain fall and subsequent discharge of water leads to Flood. Flooding
creates major damages to life , their habitats and the economy By installing of flood alerting systems near
major waterways vital information can be provide so that lives and property can be protected. Normal Weather
monitoring and alerting systems are not quick and accurate enough to predict floods in time to prevent personal or
environmental damages. The government has to spend tons of money in flood mitigation plans to help the victims
and also to reduce the number in the long run damages that can occur after flooding. Since Most of the flood alerting
systems involves high cost they are deployed on select locations based on priority.In this project we make use of a
cost effective system using raspberry pi board and sensors, to measure flood flow rate and rise of water level in
revvers and water bodies and alert government authorities and people instantly by transmitting information using
IOT. In the present work we have used thingspeak-IOT platform . The data can be accessed from android smart
phones using thingsView mobile application at any time from anywhere in the world.
Internet Of Things(IoT) is emerging technology in future world.The term IoT comprises of Cloud computing, Data mining,
Big data analytics, hardware board. The Security and Interoperability is a main factor that influences the IoT Enegy
consumption is also main fator for IoT application designing.The various protocols such as MQTT,AMQP,XMPP are used in
IoT.This paper analysis the various protocols used in Internet of Things.
Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within an ordinary, non-secret, file or
message in order to avoid detection; the secret data is then extracted at its destination. The use of
steganography can be combined with encryption as an extra step for hiding or protecting data. The
word steganographyis derived from the Greek words steganos(hidden or covered) and the Greek root
graph(write).Steganography is dedicated for covert communication. It changes the image in such a way
that only the sender and the intended receiver can detect the message sent through it. Since it is
invisible, the detection of secret data is not simple.
Wildlife entering in to populated areas has
recently become very Popular. The space for wild
animals is decreasing as humans are encroaching
forests. It creates great loss to property and life
when wild animals enter in to cities. We use latest
advances in technology such as Internet of Things
(IoT) to create an alert system of possible wildlife
leaving the forest and also the message will send to
the users Mobile to alert them. We use low cost
motion detectors and Passive Infrared sensors to
achieve this. We relay information of such motion
to a control centre to take further actions. We also
include making loud noise through speakers in
which the animals cannot enter in to land. The
basic idea of IoT is to connect different sensors
and establish communication and also provide
services. In this article, we make use of several IoT
devices at the periphery of natural reserve to
create an alert system. This system can also be
used to find out smugglers and other people
illegally entering in to the forest.
The current paper is mainly about maintaining a secure
environment and also free from thefts that are happening
in our home. The present paper discusses about the
detection of intruders with the help of the various
devices and software.. OpenCV(open source computer
vision) is the major software that is being used in our
present work. For detecting faces we are using various
algorithms like Haar cascade, linear SVM, deep neural
network etc. The main method that we have proposed in
our work is, if any person comes in front of the pi
camera, first it will look for potential matches that we
have already stored in our system If the module finds a
match then it continues to record until any intruder
comes. If the face is not recognized then the unknown
person’s face will be captured and a snap shot will be
sent to the user’s email. The device is developed using
Raspberry Pi b+ with 1.4 GHz quad core processor,
raspberry pi camera module and a Wireless dongle to
communicate with user’s email.
OpenCV, Rassberry pi, python
Industrial automation is very much popular now- a days as it improves profitability, safety and reliability. In
industrial automation control, a wide number of process variables such as, temperature, stream, pressure,
distance, and fluid levels can be detected all the while. By implementing Raspberry Pi and Embedded web
server technology and utilizing local networking standards, industrial parameters can be controlled and
checked distantly. It reduces designing expenses regarding manual arrangements of all involved gadgets. In
this project, a system is created which will monitor automatically the industrial applications, the temperature,
humidity, gas leakages.Camera is utilized for identifying and alerting from undesirable activities or
unauthorized persons including in surrounded region of industry. In the proposed system raspberry pi is
utilized as controller and server, python language is utilized to run the prototype. The Raspberry pi
communicates with the Embedded Web Server. When the information is associated with the web server, it will
store and give the information at required time. PuTTY software are utilized for checking and controlling the
industrial parameters.
The challenging problem faced by quadriplegics and paralyzed people is their need for independent mobility. They need
external help to perform their daily activities. The main objective of this project is to provide an automated system for
disabled people to control the motor rotation of wheelchair based on neck movement of physically challenged person. To
facilitate these people for their independent movement, tilt sensor is fitted on person neck. Based on the neck movements,
the accelerometer (tilt sensor) will drive the motor fitted to the wheelchair. The wheel chair can be driven in any of the
four directions and it can also be controlled by using android app (Blynk app). The automated wheelchair is based on
simple electronic control system and the mechanical arrangement that is controlled by a Controller. The ultrasonic
sensors help to avoid obstacles, using the environment information gathered during navigation. The temperature sensor
and heartbeat sensor constantly measure the parameters and display it on LCD.
Notice Board is important thing in any college or institution and sticking various notices every day is a hectic
task. Also to show all the notices on a small piece of paper is difficult. In this paper, we are presenting an idea of
digital noticeboard which will be easy to operate and also support digitalization of india.
Digital notice board will be iteractive. For making display interactive we will use raspberry pi. Only authorized
users like office staff and teaching staff can put the notices or can modify the old notices. Also we are going to
use mic for speech to text conversion which will help to take input from user(student). WIFI module will use for
data transmission which will be connected to raspberry pi. Here, we will use wireless system.
Design and implement a smart system to detect intruders and firing using IoT IJECEIAES
The security system is essential for occupants' convenience and protection from intruders and fire. Theft and fire are the most important requirement for the security system. The advancement of wireless sensor networks using IoTs increased the features in a security system and play an important role in daily life. In this paper, the proposed system is divided into two units. The first one about security which use to take snapshots by a camera whenever there is fire or intruders in the security zone and mail it to the owner every three seconds by using Arduino configured with MATLAB program. MATLAB program plays the main role to coordinate between sensors and to turn on/off the cameras. The second unit is about controlling the appliances and also the main door by using AVR microcontroller configured by CVAVR software that connected with Bluetooth sensor and controlled by a smartphone by using the implementation software built-up in the smartphone. To arrival of the control unit, the user should send code from the software implementation to the framework that use to turn on/off the devices or open/close the door. This proposed system is designed and implemented in details in this paper.
Industrial automation is very much popular now- a days as it improves profitability, safety and reliability. In
industrial automation control, a wide number of process variables such as, temperature, stream, pressure,
distance, and fluid levels can be detected all the while. By implementing Raspberry Pi and Embedded web
server technology and utilizing local networking standards, industrial parameters can be controlled and
checked distantly. It reduces designing expenses regarding manual arrangements of all involved gadgets. In
this project, a system is created which will monitor automatically the industrial applications, the temperature,
humidity, gas leakages.Camera is utilized for identifying and alerting from undesirable activities or
unauthorized persons including in surrounded region of industry. In the proposed system raspberry pi is
utilized as controller and server, python language is utilized to run the prototype. The Raspberry pi
communicates with the Embedded Web Server. When the information is associated with the web server, it will
store and give the information at required time. PuTTY software are utilized for checking and controlling the
industrial parameters.
The challenging problem faced by quadriplegics and paralyzed people is their need for independent mobility. They need
external help to perform their daily activities. The main objective of this project is to provide an automated system for
disabled people to control the motor rotation of wheelchair based on neck movement of physically challenged person. To
facilitate these people for their independent movement, tilt sensor is fitted on person neck. Based on the neck movements,
the accelerometer (tilt sensor) will drive the motor fitted to the wheelchair. The wheel chair can be driven in any of the
four directions and it can also be controlled by using android app (Blynk app). The automated wheelchair is based on
simple electronic control system and the mechanical arrangement that is controlled by a Controller. The ultrasonic
sensors help to avoid obstacles, using the environment information gathered during navigation. The temperature sensor
and heartbeat sensor constantly measure the parameters and display it on LCD.
Notice Board is important thing in any college or institution and sticking various notices every day is a hectic
task. Also to show all the notices on a small piece of paper is difficult. In this paper, we are presenting an idea of
digital noticeboard which will be easy to operate and also support digitalization of india.
Digital notice board will be iteractive. For making display interactive we will use raspberry pi. Only authorized
users like office staff and teaching staff can put the notices or can modify the old notices. Also we are going to
use mic for speech to text conversion which will help to take input from user(student). WIFI module will use for
data transmission which will be connected to raspberry pi. Here, we will use wireless system.
Design and implement a smart system to detect intruders and firing using IoT IJECEIAES
The security system is essential for occupants' convenience and protection from intruders and fire. Theft and fire are the most important requirement for the security system. The advancement of wireless sensor networks using IoTs increased the features in a security system and play an important role in daily life. In this paper, the proposed system is divided into two units. The first one about security which use to take snapshots by a camera whenever there is fire or intruders in the security zone and mail it to the owner every three seconds by using Arduino configured with MATLAB program. MATLAB program plays the main role to coordinate between sensors and to turn on/off the cameras. The second unit is about controlling the appliances and also the main door by using AVR microcontroller configured by CVAVR software that connected with Bluetooth sensor and controlled by a smartphone by using the implementation software built-up in the smartphone. To arrival of the control unit, the user should send code from the software implementation to the framework that use to turn on/off the devices or open/close the door. This proposed system is designed and implemented in details in this paper.
Analysis and Construction of a Robot controlled by a Universal Remote ControlIJERD Editor
This paper aims at controlling a robot that is a tank like vehicle using a universal infrared remote
control. The infrared signal sent from the universal infrared remote control is received by IR receiver and
decoded by the microcontroller PIC16F873A using an algorithm embedded in the microcontroller. The output
from the microcontroller is fed to the motor driver which drives the left and right motors. The robot‟s motor
control can be speed controlled by using PWM/PDM (Pulse Width Modulation/ Pulse Duration Modulation)
technique
In this paper we have to design and implement
surveillance system by use of smart sensors like ultrasonic
sensors and pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR) to detect an
intruder in a home, ATM, Industries, Bank Locker room or a
storehouse. The PIR sensors are placed on the ceiling, and the
ultrasonic sensor module consists of a transmitter and a receiver
which are placed vertically on the wall. We are going to use the
camera to capture images of the people those are coming under
the surveillance area. And we are sending these images to
authorized and related personnel via e-mail to avoid the storage
cost. This system will also help to reduce the power consumption.
Live Human Detecting Robot for Earthquake Rescue Operationijcnes
Natural calamities do occur and they are unstoppable. But humans are becoming increasingly aware in the concept of intelligent rescue operations in such calamities so that precious life and material can be saved though calamities cannot be stopped. Still there are lots of disasters that occur all of a sudden and Earthquake is one such thing. Earthquakes produce a devastating effect and they see no difference between human and material. Hence a lot of times humans are buried among the debris and it become impossible to detect them. A timely rescue can only save the people who are buried and wounded.Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area that gets affected it becomes more difficult. So the project proposes an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake prone area and helps in identifying the alive people and rescue operations.
Similar to Integrative detection of Human, Object movement and Fire Sensing Using LoRaWAN Gateway (20)
In this Project, a multi-input DC-DC converter is proposed and studied for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Compared to conventional works, the output gain is enhanced, photovoltaic (PV) panel and energy storage system (ESS) are the input sources for proposed converter. The Super capacitor is considered as the main power supply and roof-top PV is employed to charge the battery, increase the efficiency and reduce fuel economy. The converter has the capability of providing the demanded power by load in absence of one or two resources. Moreover, power management strategy is described and applied in control method. A prototype of the converter is also implemented and tested to verify the analysis.
A mobile application which can save time, effort and money by giving technical video explanation based on the recognized image for learners. The collected video information contains all the detailed explanation of the scanned image done by the user. This application groups Augmented reality , 3d objects , sound , video , AI for image recognition into an easy and compact application for the benefit of the every learner. This web application is built C#, UNITY, VUFORIA with the help of Vuforia server connected by asserts. This mobile application serves as an easier way to access details and documentaries related to recognized object. It includes an automatic AR Camera and image target along with the video player which makes it easier for recognizing the image and to learn. The database is done with Vuforia cloud database. The UI provides an excellent user friendly environment that makes the communication more interactive.
Agricultural research has strengthened the optimized
economical profit, internationally and is very vast and
important field to gain more benefits.
In future agriculture is the only scope for all the people. But
today number of people having land, but they don’t know how
to yield the crops.
So many of people are doing useless agriculture by
cultivating the crop on improper soil. To implement the
application to identify the types of soil,water source of that
land whether that land is based on rain or bore water. And
suggest what of crop is suitable for that soil. So through this
application provide application for the people to know about
the agriculture. There is no any application to know about the
cultivation. However, it can be enhanced by the use of different
technological resources, tool, and procedures. Predict the type
of crop which one is suitable for that particular soil, weather
condition, temperature and so on. So for, using machine
learning with the set of data set are identified the crop for the
corresponding soil.
In this engaged life, people tend to forget
scheduling their meetings and events that are very
important in their day to day life. They wish to have
someone who keeps on prompting them to lineup the work
and to make sure that they accomplished the scheduled
task on time. The solution to this problem is proposed
through an Android Application named “Nudge” using
artificial intelligence. This application is built using
Android Studio IDE 3.3 released by the Google. The
application is used to trigger alarms based on locations,
where the user can set a reminder to a location and select a
range within which the alarm should be triggered. Once
the user move into that range, the alarm goes on. This
application is also used to set reminders based on the mails
the user receives. Suppose, if a user receives a mail
containing any schedule for a meeting or an event, this
application will automatically set a reminder to that
particular event in the OS calendar. This application also
includes facility to directly set a reminder to the OS
calendar.
Keywords-Location, reminder, alarm, calendar, gmail, date
In the EXISTING SYSTEM, Ballot
based Voting is present, but still there is no system to
avoid Proxy Casting and Recasting is implemented.
We do not have an option to see our casted Vote also.
There is no security in this current application. In the
PROPOSED SYSTEM, a novel electronic voting
system based on Blockchain that addresses some of
the limitations in existing systems and evaluates some
of the popular blockchain frameworks for the purpose
of constructing a blockchain-based e-voting system.
In the MODIFICATION part of the project, we
integrate Aadhaar card linked mobile number for
OTP generation, only then the voter can cast the vote,
this system prevents casting and re-casting of proxies.
The Android application is widely used in all
sectors. In our application it helps to track the
location of the bus. By waiting near the bus stop
for a long time this application helps to reduce the
waiting time of the students using Google map. The
arrival time of a bus is calculated based upon the
pickup point and the starting time of a bus in the
shuttle routes. Providing the accurate bus timing
will be helpful for all the students, staff to catch the
bus at the right time. In a college bus driver is
assigned with a mobile phone where we can use to
track the current location of the bus. Notification
will be sending to the students and parents once
the bus is nearby pick up point and drop point by
using Geo-fencing. Quick Response code is used to
track the attendance of the student whether they
boarded the bus at the pickup point. Common
alert message will be sent to students, staffs and
faculty about the holidays or any crucial
information.
Geo-fencing, Google map, GPS
(Global Positioning System)
The objective of this paper is to use the
Android mobile application to purchase grocery
items. This would help the consumers to purchase the
grocery items through their mobile application and
get the grocery items delivered to their home, office
or anywhere else directly. The users can also select
the nearby provision store or any other supermarket
which is present in their location and then select their
items. The application is thoroughly built only in the
Android platform and is supported only for Android
mobiles. Thus, the application guarantee about userfriendly
in use, provides help desk, security services
etc. This would save the time of the purchaser instead
of going to the grocery store to snap up the items and
standing on a big queue for debiting the products
andwould also help the shop proprietor to develop
their business which will not depreciate their business
revenue for adapting this system by the consumers. It
also helps retailers to create brand awareness so that
the consumers feel self-assured to themselves about
the products procure through online. This would lead
the consumers to increase their familiarity in
purchasing grocery products through an online
application using the internet. The shopkeepers
should also ensure timely delivery of ordered grocery
products without any imperfection in the products
and also ensuring the damage to the products at the
time of deliverance.
These days heart diseases are
considered as the major health issue. It
includes heart attack and cardiac arrest.
Heart attack is the global leading cause
of death for both the genders and
occurrence is not always know.
Sometimes heart attack is often
compared with other type of pain and
not often dealt with it. Hence, this
project is to implement the heart rate
monitoring using IOT. The patients are
expected to carry or wear a hardware
sensor. The sensor with note the heart
rate and transmits it through internet.
The patient may be expected to set the
high and low heart rate individually. On
reaching the high rate or going below
the expected heart rate, an emergency
alert notification is sent to the patient’s,
guardian, doctor and
ambulance(optional) android devices.
—In a laboratory experiment was conducted on
the utilization of Ethanol-Diesel emulsion in a single
cylinder direct injection diesel engine, a single cylinder,
water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used. The
principal goals of the present work are to obtain emission
data and combustion characteristics for this type of Diesel
Engine, and to identify the ratio of Emulsion which is
effective in reducing emissions. Experiments were
conducted with emulsions viz (90%diesel + 10%ethanol),
(80% diesel + 20% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30%ethanol) as
fuel. While AVL smoke meter was employed to measure
the smoke density in HSU, the exhaust gas analyzer was
used to measure the NOx emission. High volume sampler
was employed to measure the particulate matter emitted at
the exhaust. The combustion characteristics were studied
using AVL combustion analyser. From the experimental
investigation it was found that the smoke, particulate
matter and Oxides of Nitrogen emissions were reduced
marginally. From the pressure curve and cumulative heat
release curve, it was observed that the combustion started
earlier and the rate of pressure rise increased marginally.
The present research work demonstrates the
preparation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and
investigates the thermo mechanical properties of the CuO NPs
embedded in the polymer composites experimentally. In this study,
CuO NPs were produced by aqueous precipitation method and
morphology of the NPs was studied using Field Emission
Transmission Electron Microscope (FESEM). Epoxy resin and glass microsphere were considered the base material for the preparation of
the Nano based polymer composites. In order to fabricate the Nano
based polymer composites, CuO NPs with 1.0wtpercentage were
embedded in the base material by means of compression moulding
press. Nano composites proved higher thermal conductivity
enhancement rather than the base material. While comparing to the
base material, the maximum four-point bending strength of 415 MPa
was obtained from the Nano based polymer composites. The test
results obtained from the TG study revealed that an addition of CuO
NPs had acted as the thermal retardant and CuO NPs had delayed
thermal degradation of the Nano based polymer composites. Based
on the test results, it can be suggested that the newly fabricated
nanocomposites have achieved the improved thermal and mechanical
properties.
The Surface roughness prediction method using
artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to investigate the
effects of cutting conditions during turning of EN8 material.
The ANN model of surface roughness parameters (Ra) is
developed with the cutting conditions such as cutting speed,
feed rate and depth of cut as the affecting process
parameters.
The experiments are planned and totally 27 settings
with three levels defined for each of the factors in order to
develop the knowledge based system. The ANN training
method is used for back-propagation training algorithm
(BPTA) and also for training the Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS). We have compared the
Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive neuro fuzzy
inference systems.
The main objective of this paper is to
determine casting defects generally happening in an
aluminium die casting process and efforts have been
taken to identify the tools which eliminate the casting
defects. In global prospective this study briefs the
application of the various tools that are used in the
industries for improvement of quality in foundry
industry. In our national prospective these tools are not
so popular, hence this study will help us to utilise the
available technology through which the productivity is
enhanced with safe and economical means. The QC
tools were used to analyse the casting condition of the
given pattern with three dimensional simulations for the
result preparation. This work has been carried out to
improve the quality of the pattern which is made with
gravity die casting process and this was achieved
through continuous quality control operation with QC
tools, then it was taken to test in some simulation
software. The latest trend available in casting and
foundry shops are the scientific approach in
optimization of all kind of fields including optimization
of defects in castings. These trends are incorporated in
the analysis of aluminium die casting.
Friction Stir Welding, a type of welding which was
discovered in the year of 1991 with a few countable methods
and processes. But today it is one of the necessary and
important type of welding techniques. To develop it, several
researchers showed their interests in this technique. Today,
it acts as the heart of welding of automobiles. Thousands of
inventions has been made in field of Friction Stir Welding
and also successfully being implemented. If a researcher
tries to make some research in this field, he has to go
through thousands of journals where hours of time is being
consumed. To solve that problem several Re-view journals
are being published and also successfully solved this issue
of time consumption. In this paper, similarly a re-view of
several important and different types of papers are discussed
with their results, outcomes, the parameters being performed
for analysis.
This paper also discusses about various methods and various
metals as tools and job materials. It will be much easier and
lenient to understand from this paper to research. The
authors of the papers also clearly explained about the usages
and applications of their methods and provided several
statistical data for clear observation of their methods
Pure and Al substituted Langanite
(La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14) ceramics have been synthesized
by solid state sintering method and studied their
structural, dielectric and electrical properties. The
crystalline nature was confirmed by powder XRD
studies. The ac conductivity and dielectric
properties of La3Ga5.5-xAlxNb0.5O14 samples were
examined by using complex impedance technique.
Surface morphology and elemental composition
were studied by energy-dispersive x-ray
spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
The frequency dependence of dielectric constant,
dielectric loss and AC conductivity were studied in
the frequency range of 100 KHz to 3 MHz at
different temperatures. The activation energy was
calculated using Arrhenius plot. The lattice
parameter, grain size, dielectric constant and AC
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Integrative detection of Human, Object movement and Fire Sensing Using LoRaWAN Gateway
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Integrative detection of Human, Object
movement and Fire Sensing Using LoRaWAN
Gateway
Rajapandiyan. V
#1
, Paulene lourdu mary A#2
#1
B.E, Student,
#2
M.E, Assistant Professor
G.K.M College of Engineering and Technology
#1
raj,kvp7@gmail.com , #2
paulenelourdu@gmail.com
Abstract - Our future battle field system will have
more difficulties to maintain security, because of
increasing military competitive. Ability to
understand, predict and adopt the vast array of
inter-networked things is very difficult. Unwanted
fire, unauthorized human intervention and other
object movement will play major important role for
affecting military environment. This project aims to
help our future military environment by introducing
new technology LoRaWAN in IoT (Internet of
Things). LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area
Network) is a state -of- art commercial of the self
(COTS) technology. This project consist of sensors,
embedded microcontrollers equipped with
LoRaWAN, embedded processors equipped with
LoRaWAN and cloud technology. By introducing
this new technology in our future military
environment we can easily find out criminal
activities and fire hazards.
Keywords — Military environment monitoring, Cloud
system and COTS Technology, LoRaWAN gateway.
I. INTRODUCTION
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)
networks are recently emerging as an effective approach
for IoT, and it
provides connectivity to various sensors and
actuators. The key objectives for LPWAN is to provide
scalability, extended coverage, low cost, and energy
efficiency for end user devices. This is contrary to
conventional cellular networks, which are focused on
providing high data rates and low latency.
Currently, the proposed implementation for IoT
can be categorized into using commercial bands and
ISM bands. Within the commercial band, the existing
GSM/GPRS cellular infrastructure provides low cost
and good coverage. Recently Narrow Band IoT (NB-
IoT) network based on the LTE standard is introduced
as alternative solution to GSM/GPRS. With the aim to
offer IoT connectivity in a 200 kHz spectrum.
On the other hand, the license free Industrial,
Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band can be used by
anyone, but this band is subject to internal and external
Interference, contrary to the licensed cellular
spectrum utilized by GPRS and NB IoT,
LoRaWAN have following features:
1. The range of LoRaWAN:
i). An urban environment - up to 2 to 5 km
ii). The rural areas - 5 to 10 km
2. LoRa’s frequency range depends on “radio line-of-
sight.” Radio waves in the range of 400 to 900 MHz
3. One of the best features of LoRaWAN is long battery
life. To achive the long battery life devices are
designed to go deep sleep mode, when not
transmitting messages.
4. Another one important features of LoRaWAN is
localization. It is done by without the need of GPS.
Since this setup is fully battery-efficient
5. In a short span of three years, many companies and
organizations have become part of the LoRa Alliance.
Cloud system having following features:
1. Security
2. Automatic Updates on software
3. Enhanced collaboration
4. Easily manageable
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II. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A. TRANSFER MODULE
B. RECEIVER MODULE
III. COMPONENTS USED
SOFTWARE
A) ARDUINO IDE
Arduino IDE is a kind of software. It is used to
inhibit the programs into the microcontrollers from the
personal computers. Most of the microcontroller inputs
are in C & C++ programming language format.
Instruction is given to the micro controller in code format.
Our project C language is used for coding.
B) PROTEUS CIRCUIT DESIGNER
Proteus is an Electronic Design Automation tool it
also includes simulation and PCB Layout modules. It is a
Windows application for schematic capture, simulation,
and PCB layout design purpose. Produced simulation is
depending on the size of the application. By using this
circuit designer we can design products like auto router
and basic mixed mode SPICE simulation capabilities.
C) EMBEDDED C LANGUAGE
Embedded C language is a kind of programming
language. Set of Key extensions of general C language
should be used here to overcome or solve the issues in the
embedded system devices
D) MOBAX TERM SOFTWARE
MobaXTerm is a kind of software, it provides a
remote network tool for windows. Instruction given to the
processor by means of MobaXTerm software. It is a one of
the main important software for remote computing. It
contains all UNIX commands for windows. Here we give the
instruction to the raspberry pi by using MobaxTerm.
E) EMBEDDED PYTHON LANGUAGE
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming
language. It plays major important role on embedded system.
It supports following programming paradigms, including
Impressive, object-oriented, functional and procedural.
Python programming language is very simple compare to
another programming languages
HARDWARE
F) ARDUINO ATMEGA- 168 MICROCONTROLLER
The high-performance, low-power AVR RISC-based
CMOS microcontroller. It should combines the 16KB ISP
flash memory with read-while-write capabilities. It is an 8
bit micro controller and it’s having 512B EEPROM, 1KB
SRAM. And it’s also includes 23 general purpose I/O lines
and 32 general purpose working registers.
The 10-bit ADC module attached to that device it
plays vital important role on sensor interfacing. It contains 8
no of channels that channels are enough to provide analog to
digital conversion.
AVR microcontroller contains following, three
flexible timer/counters, serial programmable USART,
internal and external interrupts.
Serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used to
communicate between the microcontroller and other
peripheral devices likes SD cards, shift registers, and
sensors.
G) POWER SUPPLY
Power supply is also include in our hardware of the
project Two kind of power supply we are using they are 5V
and 12V. Interfacing devices will get the supply from main
microcontroller.
H) PIR SENSOR
A passive infrared sensor (PIR) is an
electronic sensor. It is used to measure infrared light
radiation from the objects in field. PIR Sensor mostly
used to detect the motion.
PIR sensors is used to detect the human
movement in the sensors range. This sensors are small
in size, inexpensive, low-power consumption, and its
user friendly. For that reason they are commonly found
in appliances and gadgets in businesses and home
applications. They are often referred to as PIR,
"Passive Infrared", "IR motion", or "Pyroelectric"
sensors.
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PIRs are made of a pyro electric sensor, In
PIR sensor we can see the round metal as below and
rectangular crystal in the center, which can detect
levels of IR radiation. Everything emits radiation in
the low level range, but Hotter and something it’s
emits high level radiation. PIR sensor is having
following features
1. Output: i). High Digital Pulse is triggered -
motion is detected ii) Low digital pulse is
triggered - No motion is detected.
2. Resistors and capacitors on the PCB board are
used to determine the Pulse lengths. It should
differ from sensor to sensor.
3. Sensitivity range: Range up to 20 feet (6
meters) 110° x 70° detection range
I). IR SENSOR
An infrared sensor is kind of electronic sensor that emits
IR radiation in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. It is used to measure the heat of an object
and motion of the object. These types of sensors measures
only infrared radiation, so it is called as a passive IR
sensor
In infrared spectrum, all the objects are radiate
some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations
are invisible to human beings that can be detected by an
infrared sensor. Here emitter is an IR LED (Infra Red
Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is an IR
photodiode, Emitted wave length of IR LED and sensing
wave length of Photo diode are equal. Magnitude of the
received IR light is proportional to the resistance and
output voltage of the photo diode.
IR sensor circuit is one of the basic and popular module in
our electronics, this one is analogous to human’s
visionary senses, it is used to detect obstacles and this one
is a common applications in real time. IR sensor circuit
having the following components
1. LM358 IC 2 IR transmitter & receiver pair
2. Resistors (Kilo Ohm range).
3. Variable resistors.
4. LED (Light Emitting Diode).
J) FIRE SENSOR
Fire sensors are the kind of the sensor. It is used to
sensing fire/ Flash light. And also sensing the following like
smoke, heat, infrared and ultraviolet light radiation.
Infrared or wideband infrared flame sensors,
monitor the infrared spectral band for specific patterns.
Specialized fire-fighting thermal imaging camera (TIC) is
used for sensing the flame, this camera is a type of thermo
graphic camera. If water is present in the lens surface of the
camera, it will reduce the accuracy of the detector, and also
it will exposure to direct sunlight.
A frequency range is 4.3 to 4.4 μm. This is a
resonance frequency of CO2. Large amount of heat and CO2
released while burning the hydrocarbon (eg: wood or fossil
fuels such as oil and natural gas). Large amount of energy
emitted by hot CO2 at its resonance frequency of 4.3 μm. This
causes a peak radiation. The "cold" CO2 in the air is taking care
that the sunlight and other IR radiation is filtered. That one
makes the sensor in this frequency "solar blind", due to
sunlight sensitivity is reduced.
K) COMERCIAL OFF THE SHELF TECHNOLOGY
LoRaWAN is based on COTS (Commercial of the
Shelf) technology. In this technology hardware and software
components are available in ready madly for our technical
applications
Commercial off-the-shelf or commercially available
off-the-shelf (COTS) products are packaged solutions which
are then adapted to satisfy the needs of the purchasing
organization, rather than the commissioning of custom-made,
or bespoke, solutions.
L) CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is used to storing and accessing the
data’s and programs on Internet instead of computer hardware.
It is the metaphor for the internet.
Cloud computing should provide higher level of
services with minimal management effort.
VI. WORKING
Our proposed system consist of two modules, one is
transmitting module and another one is receiving module.
Transmit side LoRaWAN equipped with microcontroller this
module connect with sensors and collecting information
from sensors. Receiving section LoRaWAN is equipped
processor with cloud computing. Transmitting section collect
information from sensors and it will communicate to the
receiving section. By using cloud computing with
LoRaWAN gateway .By means of internet we can easily
monitoring sensing information everywhere in the world.
Fig: Transmitting section
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Fig: Receiving section
V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
We will first focus on increasing the density of
gateways to measure their impact on the network
performance, especially the overall coverage and frame
duplications. We will also increase the number of end-
devices to evaluate the maximum capacity per gateway.
Finally, the packet loss may be of crucial. We will also
take into consideration the performance of LoRaWAN
confirmed uplink transmission. Our future plan is to build
the LoRaWAN communication in long range with N
number of sensing elements in long distance and
monitoring it.
VI. SCOPE
In future, this system can be implemented
industries, Educational institutions, and ever state
borders for proper monitoring of criminal activities.
Further addition of sensors in transmitter module
will increase the capturing information.
VII. CONCLUSION
Our future battle field system will have more
difficulties to maintain security, because of increasing
military competitive. Ability to understand, predict and
adopt the vast array of inter-networked things is very
difficult.
The proposed architecture utilizes LoRaWAN,
the Long Range Wide Area Network that is power
efficient and supports easy integration with COTS
technology. The proposed architecture consists of
sensors, embedded micro-controllers equipped with
LoRaWAN compatible radios, processor equipped with
LoRaWAN and cloud computing with LoRa gateway.
Our contribution was twofold: first, our proposed
architecture showed interoperability with tactical C2
systems; second, we evaluated the prototype
implementation in order to better understand the
compatibility with different vendors and to evaluate the
performance in terms of communication range. The
range test demonstrated that LoRa was able to operate
at up to a distance of 6.1 miles in the semi mountainous
terrain where it was deployed.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] N. Suri, M. Tortonesi, J. Michaelis, P. Budulas, G.
Benincasa, S. Russell, C. Stefanelli, and R. Winkler,
“Analyzing the applicability of internet of things to the
battlefield environment,” in 2016 International Conference
on Military Communications and Information Systems
(ICMCIS), May 2016, pp. 1–8.
Cisco, “Embracing the internet of everything,” White
paper, 2016.
[2] N. Suri, A. Uszok, R. Lenzi, M. Breedy, J. M.
Bradshaw, Y. Fu, J. Hanna, V. T. Combs, A. Sinclair, and
R. Grant, “Extending net-centricity to coalition
operations,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 28, no. 1, pp.
64–71, Jan 2013.
[3] B. Vejlgaard, M. Lauridsen, H. Nguyen, I. Z. Kovacs,
P. Mogensen, and M. Sorensen, “Interference impact on
coverage and capacity for low power wide area iot
networks,” in 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and
Networking Conference (WCNC),March 2017, pp. 1–6.
[4] P. Neumann, J. Montavont, and T. Nol, “Indoor
deployment of low-power wide area networks (lpwan): A
lorawan case study,” in 2016 IEEE 12th International
Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing,
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1–8
[5] M. Lauridsen, B. Vejlgaard, I. Z. Kovacs, H. Nguyen,
and P. Mogensen, “Interference measurements in the
european 868 mhz ism band with focus on lora and
sigfox,” in 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and
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[6] P. Neumann, J. Montavont, and T. Nol, “Indoor
deployment of low-power wide area networks (lpwan): A
lorawan case study,” in 2016 IEEE 12th International
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1–8