In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. These developments
make human life easier and more enthusiastic. The new high-speed technologies & growing computer capacity
provides advancement in the field of control theory. In the modern world, there are continuous development of
the skyscraper buildings & dwellings which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and manmade
disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris
and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. Sometimes, it is impossible to reach certain
locations in calamity affected zone. Many models have been proposed for detection of human’s presence under
the debris in affected zone. This paper analyses various models developed to find the alive human being during
natural calamities.
The objective of this project is to find the alive humans in destroyed building with the help of rescue robot in disaster prone and bomb blast areas. The alive human detection sensor is the special type of sensor which has two elements, the live body sensor and Amplifier Circuit. The passive infrared radiation emitting from the alive human bodies are sensed by the sensor and if there is a variation due to movement of alive human body, the difference output is generated. It will be amplified by differential amplifier and then the signal is fed to another amplifier unit in order to amplify the voltage level. Then the amplified signal is given to flash type reprogrammable microcontroller which controls the motor connected to the robot model. The robot moves according to the instructions provided by the operator. If the sensor detects the presence of alive human body, it forces the robot to stop there and microcontroller will activate the alarm. The driver circuit is constructed with transistor, which acts as a switch to turn ON and turn OFF alarm. Now the alarm makes the sound for the alive body indication.
India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods.
Multi-Purpose Robot using Raspberry Pi & Controlled by SmartphoneIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for controlling a Wireless robot for multi-purpose in the sense surveillance, rescue operations and weather reporting, human detection, geo-graphical location etc., Generally surveillance robots consists a high cost microcontroller, Bluetooth module or Wi-Fi modules, audio systems and a costly and complicated communication system. Raspberry pi b model is a credit card size single board computer. It is built with the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth modules and USB ports and in built Broadcom BCM2837 processor that gives very speed processing and audio, video jacks and camera interfacing port, HDMI port and Ethernet ports is available. This board will meet our requirements. The Robot is equipped with various critical sensors, detectors and Camera. The live video feedback is obtained from the camera. Data from the sensors is send to the Smartphone at user end. Latest Raspberry pi board is used on robot to interface with sensors and camera. It is having an in built Wi-Fi. An Android Smartphone sends a wireless command through robot controlled app which is received by Raspberry pi board and accordingly robot moves
The objective of this project is to find the alive humans in destroyed building with the help of rescue robot in disaster prone and bomb blast areas. The alive human detection sensor is the special type of sensor which has two elements, the live body sensor and Amplifier Circuit. The passive infrared radiation emitting from the alive human bodies are sensed by the sensor and if there is a variation due to movement of alive human body, the difference output is generated. It will be amplified by differential amplifier and then the signal is fed to another amplifier unit in order to amplify the voltage level. Then the amplified signal is given to flash type reprogrammable microcontroller which controls the motor connected to the robot model. The robot moves according to the instructions provided by the operator. If the sensor detects the presence of alive human body, it forces the robot to stop there and microcontroller will activate the alarm. The driver circuit is constructed with transistor, which acts as a switch to turn ON and turn OFF alarm. Now the alarm makes the sound for the alive body indication.
India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods.
Multi-Purpose Robot using Raspberry Pi & Controlled by SmartphoneIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for controlling a Wireless robot for multi-purpose in the sense surveillance, rescue operations and weather reporting, human detection, geo-graphical location etc., Generally surveillance robots consists a high cost microcontroller, Bluetooth module or Wi-Fi modules, audio systems and a costly and complicated communication system. Raspberry pi b model is a credit card size single board computer. It is built with the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth modules and USB ports and in built Broadcom BCM2837 processor that gives very speed processing and audio, video jacks and camera interfacing port, HDMI port and Ethernet ports is available. This board will meet our requirements. The Robot is equipped with various critical sensors, detectors and Camera. The live video feedback is obtained from the camera. Data from the sensors is send to the Smartphone at user end. Latest Raspberry pi board is used on robot to interface with sensors and camera. It is having an in built Wi-Fi. An Android Smartphone sends a wireless command through robot controlled app which is received by Raspberry pi board and accordingly robot moves
Robotics has been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. As robots and their peripheral equipment become more sophisticated, reliable and miniaturized, these systems are increasingly being utilized for military and law enforcement purposes. Mobile robotics plays an increasingly important role in military matters, from patrol to dealing with potential explosives. With suitable sensors and cameras to perform different missions, mobile robots are operated remotely for reconnaissance patrol and relay back video images to an operator. With the development of modern technology such as zigbee technology aims to exchange data wirelessly at a short distance using radio wave transmission comprising features to create ease, perception and controllability. This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas using multifunctional robot based on zigbee technology used in defense and military applications. The robotic vehicle works both as a manually controlled vehicle using zigbee as communication medium. This robotic vehicle has ability to substitute the solider at border areas to provide surveillance. The robotic vehicle works by manually controlling robotic vehicle by using zigbee as communication medium. And this multisensory robot is mainly used to detect bomb, defense soldier and it can act as a spy robot.
OUTDOOR MOBILE ROBOTIC ASSISTANT MICRO-CONTROLLER MODULE (ARDUINO), FIRMWARE ...ijaia
This paper presents an outdoor mobile robot that can be controlled remotely using an android phone. With
the help of the sensors, the robot was programmed to navigate within the bounded field, detectthe motion in
the surroundings and can also send an alarm. The robot was designed to be able to navigate to the
flowerpots placed in the zone and dispense water to those pots.The robot has proved capable of watering a
total of 600 ml to two different plants in a predefined area. The robot, if operating in a manual mode, can
be used to remotely water plants in a radius of 9 meters. On top of this, it emits no carbon and produces no
RoHS by-products and can thus be deemed 100% eco-friendly.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EMERGENCY RESCUE ROBOT FOR HUMAN DETECTION DURING DISASTERSHariniChaganti1
In this project, I focus on a system named “human detection robot” which will work in disaster environments of manmade structures like collapsed buildings, war fields, etc.
It can be assisted by firemen, police, and disaster agencies with appropriate reconnaissance, site evaluation, human detection. In the existing technology, a Bluetooth module interfaced with Arduino is used.
The main aim of this project is to propose the multipurpose Robot which can be controlled
through PC or android using Bluetooth communication and navigates around the disaster areas and tries to find the humans who need help.
In the proposed technology a human body detection Embedded system using a reliable specific set of sensors like PIR, and DHT11 sensor to know the presence of human and robot and user application to acquire humidity-related information and to alert the rescue team. This proposed system is less cost-effective than the existing technology.
Robotics has been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. As robots and their peripheral equipment become more sophisticated, reliable and miniaturized, these systems are increasingly being utilized for military and law enforcement purposes. Mobile robotics plays an increasingly important role in military matters, from patrol to dealing with potential explosives. With suitable sensors and cameras to perform different missions, mobile robots are operated remotely for reconnaissance patrol and relay back video images to an operator. With the development of modern technology such as zigbee technology aims to exchange data wirelessly at a short distance using radio wave transmission comprising features to create ease, perception and controllability. This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas using multifunctional robot based on zigbee technology used in defense and military applications. The robotic vehicle works both as a manually controlled vehicle using zigbee as communication medium. This robotic vehicle has ability to substitute the solider at border areas to provide surveillance. The robotic vehicle works by manually controlling robotic vehicle by using zigbee as communication medium. And this multisensory robot is mainly used to detect bomb, defense soldier and it can act as a spy robot.
OUTDOOR MOBILE ROBOTIC ASSISTANT MICRO-CONTROLLER MODULE (ARDUINO), FIRMWARE ...ijaia
This paper presents an outdoor mobile robot that can be controlled remotely using an android phone. With
the help of the sensors, the robot was programmed to navigate within the bounded field, detectthe motion in
the surroundings and can also send an alarm. The robot was designed to be able to navigate to the
flowerpots placed in the zone and dispense water to those pots.The robot has proved capable of watering a
total of 600 ml to two different plants in a predefined area. The robot, if operating in a manual mode, can
be used to remotely water plants in a radius of 9 meters. On top of this, it emits no carbon and produces no
RoHS by-products and can thus be deemed 100% eco-friendly.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EMERGENCY RESCUE ROBOT FOR HUMAN DETECTION DURING DISASTERSHariniChaganti1
In this project, I focus on a system named “human detection robot” which will work in disaster environments of manmade structures like collapsed buildings, war fields, etc.
It can be assisted by firemen, police, and disaster agencies with appropriate reconnaissance, site evaluation, human detection. In the existing technology, a Bluetooth module interfaced with Arduino is used.
The main aim of this project is to propose the multipurpose Robot which can be controlled
through PC or android using Bluetooth communication and navigates around the disaster areas and tries to find the humans who need help.
In the proposed technology a human body detection Embedded system using a reliable specific set of sensors like PIR, and DHT11 sensor to know the presence of human and robot and user application to acquire humidity-related information and to alert the rescue team. This proposed system is less cost-effective than the existing technology.
VARIOUS SENSOR USED IN ROBOTICS WITH APPLICATIONS | J4RV3I12003Journal For Research
This paper gives brief introduction about various sensors used in robotics and their applications. A sensor is a device that detects the changes in electrical or physical or other quantities and thereby produces an output and whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronic devices. Robotic sensors are used to estimate robots condition and environment. Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human sensory organs. Sensors used in robots provide intelligence to the robot and improve their performance.
Live Human Detecting Robot for Earthquake Rescue Operationijcnes
Natural calamities do occur and they are unstoppable. But humans are becoming increasingly aware in the concept of intelligent rescue operations in such calamities so that precious life and material can be saved though calamities cannot be stopped. Still there are lots of disasters that occur all of a sudden and Earthquake is one such thing. Earthquakes produce a devastating effect and they see no difference between human and material. Hence a lot of times humans are buried among the debris and it become impossible to detect them. A timely rescue can only save the people who are buried and wounded.Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area that gets affected it becomes more difficult. So the project proposes an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake prone area and helps in identifying the alive people and rescue operations.
Comparative Study on Advanced Farm Security System Using Internet of Things a...vivatechijri
Internet of Things consists of two words Internet and objects. The term objects in IoT refers to various IoT devices that have unique identities and are capable of making remote sensing, performing and live monitoring of certain types of data. IoT devices enable other devices connected to the app directly or indirectly, and send data to various servers and combining IoT with Image processing in the agriculture sector can lead to a more technology driven system in terms of agriculture security which can create a Smart Agricultural Security System.
The major problem in today’s agriculture sector is protecting crops from local animals and thieves because it is not possible for every farmer to barricade the entire field or stay on the field 24 hours and guard it. So, to overcome this problem there must be an automated crop protecting system which uses leading technologies like IoT and Image Processing. The advantage of using this system can help farmer to monitor the farm even if farmer is away from field by installing various sensors in farm to detect motion of local animal and sent data to farmer app directly and also farmer can see live streaming of the farm with help of camera installed in farm. This ensures complete safety of crops from animals and thieves thus increasing financial gain with a proper security surveillance system.
Generally, various risky tasks or certain difficult operations cannot be done completely by humans and thus there is need for change in present era. As robots play vital roles in different fields of industries, medical, colleges, home appliances, military and defence, thus robots can be good and effective option for such difficult purposes. The proposed work is to develop an all terrain robot prototype. The robots which are presently in the market works on simple terrains while this project claims to make a prototype which can work on plain surfaces as well as rough surfaces such as forests, hilly and rocky areas. This project presents a offensive and defensive robot which uses different technologies like Arduino, Android Application, Bluetooth module and Laser Module. It develops a low voltage power supply, low cost and wireless robot prototype which is controlled using microcontroller and android application. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Anchal Mohanty | Meghana Beesu | E. Sai Kiran ""All Terrain Offensive and Defensive Robot"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23370.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23370/all-terrain-offensive-and-defensive-robot/dr-m-sampath-kumar
IJMRR is an international forum for research that advances the theory and practice of management. All papers submitted to IJMRR are subject to a double-blind peer review process. Authors are invited to submit theoretical or empirical papers in all aspects of management, including strategy, human resources, marketing, operations, technology, information systems, finance and accounting, business economics, and public sector management.
HUMAN DETECTION SYSTEM USING DRONE FOR DISASTER RESCUE OPERATIONGodwinRaj3
we are proposing a human detection quad-copter which can detect alive humans in debris so that timely help can be made available to the victims. The proposed alive human being detection system contains Passive infrared sensor (PIR) which gives the information about the presence of alive human body
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and
growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its
effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the
organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the
organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the
organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to
lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
n today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many
countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so
their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by
nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing
challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical
vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the
above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite
polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or
dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances
the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as
leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the
[PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2].
Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
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Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
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A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operation
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Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operation
Deepakkumar Gupta1
, Prakash Gupta2
, Rakesh Yadav3
, Prof. Umesh Mohite4
1
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
2
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
3
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
4
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract: In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. These developments
make human life easier and more enthusiastic. The new high-speed technologies & growing computer capacity
provides advancement in the field of control theory. In the modern world, there are continuous development of
the skyscraper buildings & dwellings which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and manmade
disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris
and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. Sometimes, it is impossible to reach certain
locations in calamity affected zone. Many models have been proposed for detection of human’s presence under
the debris in affected zone. This paper analyses various models developed to find the alive human being during
natural calamities.
Keywords – Alive Human Detection, Microcontroller, Natural Calamities, PIR Sensor, Web Camera.
1. INTRODUCTION
In current era, natural calamities like Earthquakes, building collapse or manmade disasters often occur
and they cannot be stopped. They produce a devastating effect and find no difference among human and material.
Hence, many times humans are buried under the detritus and it becomes impossible to detect their presence.
Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area, that gets affected it becomes more
difficult. Almost all the proposed models were developed using a microcontroller and some set of sensors which
commonly includes PIR sensor, Ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor. PIR technology analyses its environment and
looks for a change in present heat signatures. The Ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor are used for proper navigation
of the robot in the affected zone.
2. LITERATURE STUDY
Zia Uddin, et. al. [1] has developed a robot which is able to find a live human being with the help of PIR
sensor from deep point of the disaster area. It uses a Joystick & RF technology to control robot and work with the
control point. Ultrasonic sensor is placed for detecting obstacle for navigation of robot and has a gas sensor to
detect gas leak in the affected area. IP Camera is integrated to analyse the conditions which will assist human
detection with the highest chance of success in such a situation. The first level includes a PIR sensor that detect
human presence by radiated infrared wave & second level is IP camera that confirms the presence of humans in
the affected area. Because of the two levels human detection system the system is reliable for rescue missions.
The microcontroller is programmed using the C language and ARDUINO IDE. The system provides good results
and it is cost effective. Since it has joystick mechanism, hence it is handy to use.
Murulidhara T C, et. al. [2] proposed the design and implementation of an Unmanned Vehicle using
ARM7 microcontroller along with web camera, pulse sensor and temperature sensor to detect the affected human
beings in disaster environment. IR sensor is included in the model to avoid obstacles in its navigation path. The
vehicle navigates through the debris automatically to check the presence of human life. As soon as it detects the
presence of human, it checks the accident person’s pulse rate, body temperature and sends these data along with
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GPS location information to the base station through ZigBee Transceiver. ZigBee is used to send & receive data
between robot and control unit. The base station receives the longitudinal and latitudinal location of affected
humans through ZigBee Transceiver and display this information on monitor to speed-up the rescue operation.
The hardware design consists of low cost, easily available & reliable components.
Rahu Krishna K, et. al. [3] has developed an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake
prone area and helps in identifying alive people. It has sensors that detects the presence of the human being and
indicates the presence to user. As stay the human body emits thermal radiation, which is received & manipulated
with the aid of PIR sensor to detect human presence. Once the human located, it immediately gives and audio &
visual alerts to the authorities. The PIR sensor is assembled on a robot which can operate in the areas which are
prone to earthquakes. The robot has a 3-wheel geared driver & DC motors attached for forward, reverse, left &
right actions. The controlling device of the system is a Microcontroller to which RF receiver, PIR sensor & DC
motors are connected. The remote control has control buttons interfaced to RF transmitter. Whenever a button
pressed, the data related to that button transmitted through RF transmitter to microcontroller. The microcontroller
processes this data and acts accordingly and sends required control signals to the robot's motor drivers. PIR sensor
is interfaced to the microcontroller which continuously monitors human presence and indicates to the controller.
The controller alerts through buzzer if human presence is detected.
Sabyasachi Bhowmick, et. al. [4] designed a simple Robot that detect the human with a new way. System
has an input that are a PIR sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR sensor. Ultrasonic sensors & IR sensor used for navigation
of the Robot. PIR Sensor is used for searching human presence. RF transmitter is used to send the information of
human presence & is received the information through the receiver circuit. Next receiver immediately generates
output which turns the buzzer/alarm and it displays ON. A program is written and executed for the purpose of
using AVR Microcontroller. Two DC motors are connected with wheels, & one castor wheel is connected to help
the robot in navigation. 9V battery was connected as power source. While testing the robot, many obstacles were
placed in the path and the ROBOT detected those obstacles successfully and the Ultrasonic Sensor was able to
detect its path every time. At the second part when a human was in the range of 4 ft. of the PIR Sensor, PIR sensor
make a robot stopped and started analysing the output and turning the RF transmitter ON. On the other hand, the
RF receiver received the transmitted signal showing an output to the LCD as ‘Human Detected’.
Saravana Kumar K, et. al. [5] proposed a robot which is used to detect human to overcome robbery and
to enhance security measures. The robot has receiver side and the transmitter side. The transmitter is of
ATMEGA328 microcontroller PIR sensor takes a input of microcontroller, and an Obstacle sensor. The outputs
are displayed on RF transmitter & L293D motor drive module that is connected to DC motor. The DC motor is
there to move the robot in left, right and forward and backward directions. PIR sensor is used to detect presence
of human. The PIR sensor has limited range up to 12ft and has an angle of rotation 180 degree. At receiver end
has of ATMEGA328 microcontroller. Its input & output are buzzer and a RF receiver. After reviving the signal
by the RF receiver, it notifies the Arduino. Arduino sends a signal to the buzzer, which makes the buzzer to sound
continuous beeps. This beeping shows that there is a human to the rescue team. This system is capable of detecting
the presence of human in the range of 10-12ft successfully.
M.Brem Kumar, et. al. [6] proposed a system that uses camera module and ultrasonic sensors that
analyses the conditions to find the presence of human. The proposed model is used to detect human and uses a
low- cost camera that helps to video the scene as needed. Additionally, other sensors include temperature, fire and
metal detector works as bomb sensor to detect the presence of bomb in war field & in rescue operations. As soon
as it detects a sign of a living human, the ultrasonic sensor triggers the camera to stream live scene. The video is
then displayed on the screen. This approach needs a relatively small number of data to be acquired & processed
during the whole operation. Like this, the real-time cost of processing and data transmission is considerably
reduced. This system has the potential to achieve high performance in detecting alive humans in affected
environments quickly and cost effectively. The detection depending on multiple factors such as the body position
and the light intensity of the scene. Results show that the system provides an efficient way to track human motion
in devastated environment.
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Mr. S.P Vijayaragavan, et. al. [7] has developed an autonomous robot that moves within the affected
earthquake prone areas which helps in identifying the humans. The system is developed using Embedded
Microcontroller PIC16F877A, ZigBee Transmitter and Receivers, PIR sensor and also other supporting
components. The benefits of using PIC16F877A is that it provides maximum clock frequency up to 20MHz and
faster than other controllers. ZigBee transceiver is used to transmit and receive data between robot and therefore
the control unit. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used to detect alive human. As live physical body emits thermal
heat Radiation which is captured by PIR sensor to identify alive humans. They also developed an on-screen
application to manage the robot using Visual basic. The system is safe for the user due to use of robotics and no
manual work. The user just has got to control the robot and do necessary action as soon as user receives the
positive signal from the system.
Mohit Bais, et. al. [8] discussed a new approach for detection of alive human beings in natural calamities
and man-made disasters using a specific set of sensors, ATMEGA16 Microcontroller, GSM technology and PLC
systems. The proposed alive human being detection system is developed using a specific set of sensors which
includes PIR, temperature, vibration, IR, Ultrasonic detector, Bluetooth module HC05 transmitter & receivers.
They all together give the information about the presence of a living human body in calamity affected zone. PIR
and IR sensors are used to detect the presence of humans. Obstacle sensors detect the obstacle & the analog signals
are received by AVR microcontroller. AVR is programmed to send the human presence information to remote
control place using the GSM modem. Signals from PIR sensors are transmitted to the microcontroller which will
digitize the signal and transmit it to the RF Transceiver Bluetooth module. RF transceiver is used to transmit and
receive data between robot and the control unit.
Shwetha R, et. al. [9] aims to develop a cost-effective robot, which works using AVR microcontroller,
PIR sensor, IR sensor etc. The system is employed in areas where rescue is required. The robot senses the body
heat temperature using PIR sensor and alarm which indicates the signal when it detects alive physical body, then
message is shipped through SMS through GSM technology to enable operation. PIR sensor is directly connected
to the digital pins which is operating at 5V DC. The motion is to be detected by checking for a sudden change
within the affected area. Obstacle sensors are used to detect the obstacle and is used to send the analog signals to
AVR Microcontroller. AVR controller is programmed to navigate and manage the robot automatically counting
on obstacle detected. PIR sensor detects the human at affected area which are alive and signal is given to AVR
microcontroller. AVR is programmed to send the alive human presence information to remote place using the
GSM Modem. The system is remote controlled & designed for limited range. RF frequency range is 434 MHz
and remote controlling is meant for limited distance.
Geetha Bharathi, et. al. [10] developed a mobile controlled robotic vehicle which moves in the disaster-
prone area & it detects alive human presence in such devastating environments and helps to identify the live
people and rescue operations. In this project Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor has been used. The system consists of
a Robot section and Control section. Robot section consists of a movable unit, which has Bluetooth module, GPS
Receiver, an LCD display, PIR sensor mount on it and a microcontroller ATMEGA-328. Control unit consists of
a manual control using a remote to control the movement of the robot and a PC interfaced with the robot section
using Bluetooth to get the output of GPS receiver. i.e. to find the exact location of the human. Initially, the Robocar
navigates in an open field and PIR sensor checks for the alive human. If result is yes, then the GPS shows the
exact location of the human in the PC screen that is in the Control section, with the rescuers. This Robot has
camera, so as to record and display data when sensor triggers it. As soon as it detects human in its range, the
message “Human Detected” is shown on the LED screen.
Shuddha Chowdhury, et. al. [11] developed a Robot model, which roams around the war field, any
disaster affected area to detect the presence of alive human in that calamity zone. The robot is designed with full
360-degree movement to move into the war filed, earth quake affected area, to find out the Alive or Survived
Human beings. They used 8-bit microcontroller AT89S52, PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor and IR sensor as
highlight components and they are configured with other components. PIR Sensor is sensitive to heat or rather the
infrared light that is emitted by warm or hot objects like humans. The most often use of the PIR sensor is as an
area sensor, which detects someone moving in the front yard. The logic of PIR sensor is that it must detect
significant change of the normal level of heat in the field of its view. The model consists of an IR based human
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radiation sensor, which picks up signals from human body radiations and gives a signal output. The human body
radiates infrared waves with wavelengths of around 8-12 micrometres. Whenever a human being comes under the
vicinity of the system, the IR system gives the signal. The robot also has a wireless RF transmitter which sends
the message to the remote location whenever it finds any alive human.
Krashna V. Panpaliya, et. al. [12] proposed a robotic system for military zone to detect alive human body.
The system has a specific sensors PIR sensor, IR sensor, Heartbeat sensor etc. In addition, has a wireless camera
module. PIR sensor is a motion sensor that detects the motion of the human with the thermal temperature of the
environment. It has two modes where robotic system is working i.e. it has a manually operated mode and user
controllable mode. System operates on manual mode in which all the used sensors are capable for automatic
action, in user controllable mode user, gives the signal to the system that uses RF module, and control it manually.
The operations that the system perform is on embedded PIC microcontroller and ZigBee transmitter and receiver.
The battery backup is week, due to which they have to use a solar panel. In addition, the system is on GSM
technology by using image processor. In camera module, web camera is used and it is used on the robot. By having
a camera, the video is transmitted to the receiver and it will transmit the video coverage of the paths that is to be
taken. This system works perfectly fine and it can take actions automatically or can be controlled manually.
Asha Gupta, et. al. [13] discussed a new methodology for detection of alive human beings in natural or
man-made disasters using some specific set of sensors which includes ATMEGA16 Microcontroller, GSM
technology and PLC systems. PIR sensor is there to detect the presence of human. PIR sensor helps to detect the
human presence by detecting the thermal radiations emitted by human body. The PIR sensor has a limited range
up to 12ft & it can rotate up to 180 degrees. The motive of the system is to develop wireless robot that can be
operated via desktop using ZigBee transceiver & it is able to navigate in the disaster environment & try to find
human being who need help. Victims may be trapped under debris or in voids, making it difficult to find them and
determine their state of health. That’s why it is important to select a set of different sensors that are complementary
and are able to operate in these conditions. The system also uses WPL soft which is a software for PLC
(Programmable logic controller), PROTEUS which is a best simulation software for various designs with
microcontroller, BASCOM which is a very powerful and easy to use compiler for the AVR series of micro
controllers which are developed by Atmel. It is very much important to choose a set of different sensors which
are complementary and are able to operate in the provided conditions.
Midhat Noor Kiyani, et. al. [14] proposed a model which is able to take two maps i.e. localize map and
the global map. Using these maps, it generates a shortest path. The proposed system is given a map of the arena
to localize itself & plan the path. Map of the area is given to robot before the start of its search and rescue operation.
Two maps are used by the robot i.e. primary map and secondary map. Primary map is given in the form of a matrix
in which a node represents each block. It can also do obstacle removing from its path. By using this, they map the
position of walls and outer rims, and colour of the floor of the affected area. The paper involves the robot design
which is can localize self in the familiar environment but the not known location. A technique of comparison of
primary and secondary matrices was applied for localization, and modified version of Dijkstra technique was
implemented for shortest path determination. The robot is able to search for the objects & move them to their
respective final destination point in the known environment. As the robot needs to go through the rough terrains
and unlevelled surfaces in the real-time event, it must be light as well as small enough even to go through the
narrow places.
A. Shobika et. al. [15] proposed a human detection quad-copter which is able to detect alive human being
in debris so that timely help can be provided to the victims. The proposed system comprises of Passive Infrared
sensor (PIR) that provides the information about the presence of alive human being. Radio Frequency (RF)
Technology is used to control the quad-copter. ATMEGA8A microcontroller gives an alerting message for the
rescuer of the affected sites, so that they can give proper rescue to the victims. In disaster environment, it is great
help to rescuers in detection of alive humans in the proper time. The system is user-friendly, semi-autonomous,
economical & efficient. The system is a quad-copter that fly in a disastrous environment and helps in identifying
the alive people and rescue operations. A PIR sensor is used, it emits infrared radiations for the detection of
humans. Alive human body emits thermal radiations which is received & manipulated by PIR sensor for detection
of humans. Once human is located, it immediately gives audio alert to the rescuer, so that help can be provided to
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the live person very fast. This PIR sensor is placed on a moving each direction quad-copter which can fly in the
earthquake prone areas.
3. ANALYSIS TABLE
The Table given below is a summary of research papers on assisting visually challenged. It states the
different techniques used for assisting sightless and also highlights their advantages and disadvantages.
Table 1: Analysis Table
Sr.
No.
Paper Name Technique Used Advantages Disadvantages
01.
Search and Rescue
System for Alive Human
Detection by Semi-
autonomous Mobile
Rescue Robot.[1]
Arduino, PIR sensor,
Ultrasonic sensor, RF
technology, Camera
module.
The robot is controlled
using joystick
mechanism which is
handy to control. It is 2
level detection system
and cost effective.
PIR sensor can
detect humans only
if he is somewhat
visible. The sensor
has the rotation
range of 180 degree.
02.
Unmanned Vehicle to
Detect Alive Human
During Calamity.[2]
ARM 7 controller, IR
sensor, Viola Jones
algorithm.
The vehicle sends the
Longitudinal &
Latitudinal information
about location of
affected human with
his/her pulse rate, body
temperature.
This
implementation
requires a computer
system to get the
desired output.
03. Wireless Human
Detection Robot. [3]
PIR sensor, RF
transmitter and
receiver, three-
wheeler robot.
The system proposes a
wireless robot which
can be mobilized. The
system can monitor the
environment in real
time.
The system is cost
in-effective due to
use of expensive
components in the
controller.
04.
An Approach to Design a
Simple Human Detecting
Robot for Cost Effective
Home Security System as
well as Various Rescue
Missions. [4]
ATMEGA-32, PIR
sensor, Ultrasonic
sensor, RF transmitter
and receiver, LCD.
It can detect human in
any environment
irrespective it is day or
night.
The system is
unable to detect
humans in debris.
05.
Human Detection Robot
using PIR Sensors Device.
[5]
ATMEGA328
microcontroller, PIR
sensor, RF Transmitter
and receiver.
PIR sensor helps to
detect the human
presence by detecting
the heat.
The accuracy of the
system reduces in
open channel due to
PIR sensor.
06.
Alive Human Body
Detection system using an
Autonomous Mobile
Rescue Robot.[6]
Ultrasonic sensor,
Temperature sensor,
Fire sensor, Bomb
sensor, RF module.
The system requires
small amount of data to
be acquired for
processing purpose.
The system has
cost, size and
environment related
difficulties.
07.
Live Human Detecting
Robot for Earthquake
Rescue Operation.[7]
Microcontroller
PIC16F877A, ZigBee
Transmitter and
Receivers, PIR sensor.
The System is safe even
for the user because of
the use of robotics and
no manual work.
Battery backup and
cost are the major
issues with the
proposed system.
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08.
Alive Human Detection
Robot.[8]
P89V51RD2BN
Microcontroller, PIR
sensor, IR sensor, PLC
logical programming.
The system is developed
using specific set of
sensors, ATMEGA
microcontroller etc. The
system uses
transceiver which is
Reliable and accurate.
Battery backup for
camera module is
weak. The cost of
using high range
sensors may be
high.
09.
Automatic and Manual
controlled Alive Human
Detection Robot during
disaster management.[9]
PIR sensor, IR sensor,
AVR microcontroller
GSM technology.
The system uses GSM
technology to get the
live location of affected
human.
The system does not
provide the exact
position of human
in the debris or
buildings.
10.
Alive Human Detection in
Disaster zones using
manually controlled
robots.[10]
Microcontroller
ATMEGA-328, PIR
sensor, GPS module,
Bluetooth module.
The proposed system
uses PIR sensor for
human detection. It is
cost effective than
existing system.
It requires a
computer system to
be installed at
disaster prone area.
11.
A Proposal of User
Friendly Alive Human
Detection Robot to Tackle
Crisis Situation.[11]
Microcontroller
AT89S52, PIR sensor
and IR sensor.
The robot has 360o
rotation mechanism.
The use of IR sensor
with PIR sensor
increases accuracy of
the system.
The system is
unable to provide
the location of
human because
there is no GPS
module in it.
12.
Detection of Alive Human
body in Military area.[12]
PIC micro-controller,
PIR sensor, RF
module, GSM
technology.
The system can perform
the actions
automatically or can be
controlled by any user.
The system is
designed for limited
distance only. The
battery backup is in-
efficient.
13.
Live Human Detection
Robot.[13]
ATMEGA16
microcontroller, PIR
Sensor, Ultrasonic
Sensor.
PIR sensor helps to
detect the human
presence by detecting
the thermal radiations
emitted by human body.
The accuracy of the
system reduces
when temperature is
high in
surroundings.
14.
A Prototype of Search and
Rescue Robot.[14]
Dijkstra’s Algorithm,
Map-matching
Algorithm,
Route Planning.
The robot was easily
able to localize itself in
the known environment
when its image matrix is
given.
The model is not
robust that is it can’t
be used in the non-
ideal actual
operations. The
major difficulty in
the rescue robot is
the robot’s design.
15.
Human Detection System
Using Drone for
Earthquake Rescue
Operation.[15]
ATMEGA8A
microcontroller,
PIR sensor,
Brushless DC motor,
RF transmitter and
receiver.
The system is user
friendly, economical,
semi-autonomous and
efficient for human
detection. Since the
system is a quad-copter,
it is easy for navigation.
As the system’s
main component is
PIR sensor, it may
fail in changing
environment
conditions.
7. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 3 (2020)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 3
PP 1-7
7
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
4. CONCLUSION
In the modern era, we lose a lot of lives due to natural calamities or manmade disasters. The rescue team
apply a lot of efforts to reduce the devastating effect of the calamity. To help the rescue team in searching the
buried people inside the debris, various models were developed. These models are most commonly a robot and
are consists of a microcontroller and some set of sensors. The objective of all the proposed models are more or
like identical having different set of features. The model gives a considerable amount of accuracy. In the paper,
we studied & analysed various models that have been advanced to discover the human’s presence underneath
detritus. The growing technology will come up with more reliable models having more features and better
accuracy.
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