Parties and Congress
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This document discusses the organization and roles of political parties in Congress. It explains that Congress is organized along party lines, with parties serving as advancement mechanisms. It then outlines the leadership positions in the House and Senate, including the Speaker of the House, Majority Leader, and Minority Leader. The document also describes the roles of party committees and caucuses in managing members, setting priorities, and providing campaign support. Finally, it defines types of roll call votes and measures of party unity.
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- Bill Clinton engaged in an inappropriate relationship with Monica Lewinsky and initially denied it. He later admitted the relationship was wrong.
- Republicans led impeachment proceedings against Clinton for perjury and obstruction of justice related to the scandal. He was acquitted in the Senate trial.
- The scandal may have hurt Al Gore's 2000 presidential campaign by making Democrats less enthusiastic and the Gore campaign more cautious without Clinton's vigorous campaigning. This potentially changed the outcome of the close 2000 election where Gore lost Florida after a recount.
Plunkitt of Tammany Hall
This document discusses two types of political representation: delegate representation, where a representative follows the exact wishes of their constituents regardless of consequences, and trustee representation, where a representative listens to constituent views but makes their own judgment on the best course of action.
Political Machines
This document summarizes key political, economic, and social developments in the United States from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. It discusses the rise of political machines like Tammany Hall in response to immigration and industrialization. New inventions like the cotton gin and development of railroads transformed the economy and sparked labor conflicts. Reform movements like Progressivism sought to curb corruption and regulate large businesses in the Gilded Age.
State Legislatures
This document provides an overview of state legislatures, including their roles in lawmaking, representation, constituent services, oversight, appropriations, and impeachment. It discusses the structure of state legislatures, including the types and names of legislative chambers. The document also covers trends in legislative professionalism using Squire's measure of salaries, session length, and staff/resources. Different types of legislatures - professional, hybrid, and citizen - are defined. Additional topics include redistricting, the composition of state legislatures, and models of representation.
Governors and Executives
This document discusses the roles and powers of state governors. It examines governors' formal powers like appointment power, budgetary authority, and veto power. It also analyzes informal powers like using the bully pulpit to influence public opinion and persuade legislators. Governors can politicize the bureaucracy by appointing loyalists and can strengthen their party by campaigning with other members and aligning their agenda with party goals. The document also notes governors' roles in times of crisis and their ability to declare emergencies.
State Legislatures
This document provides an overview of state legislatures, including their roles in lawmaking, representation, constituent services, oversight, appropriations, and impeachment. It discusses the structure of state legislatures, including the types and names of legislative chambers. The document also covers trends in legislative professionalism using Squire's measure of salaries, session length, and staff/resources. Additionally, it addresses redistricting approaches and the demographics of state legislative membership.
Political Parties and Interest Groups
This document outlines the structure and roles of political parties at different levels of government in the United States. It discusses the basic units of precincts and wards and how they relate to congressional districts. It then explains the roles of county, state, and national party organizations in recruiting candidates, organizing conventions, fundraising, and strengthening local groups. Finally, it identifies two types of leaders for party organizations: pragmatists who prioritize electability and purists who are more principled and issue-oriented.
Political Attitudes and Participation
This document discusses various topics related to voter participation and turnout in the United States, including: historical barriers to voting like discriminatory laws against Black voters; theories for why U.S. voter turnout lags other industrialized nations such as non-compulsory voting and weekday elections; factors influencing individual voter decisions like party identification, costs/benefits analyses, and retrospective vs prospective voting; and current issues like attempts to increase voter participation through reducing legal obstacles and voter mobilization efforts.
Presidency
This document provides an overview of the US presidency, including the selection process, qualifications, and basic duties and powers of the office. It discusses how presidents are chosen by the Electoral College to serve 4-year terms, with basic requirements including being a natural-born US citizen at least 35 years old who has resided in the US for 14 or more years. It also outlines the president's formal powers as Commander-in-Chief, to make treaties and appointments, and informal powers through tools like executive orders and public persuasion.
Civil Rights
This document provides an overview of key concepts and events related to civil liberties and civil rights in the United States. It defines civil liberties as restricting government action to protect individual rights, while civil rights require government action to secure individual rights. Major topics covered include the rights of Black Americans before and after the Civil War, key Supreme Court cases and amendments related to racial equality and voting rights, as well as landmark civil rights acts and events of the 20th century promoting desegregation and prohibiting various forms of discrimination.
POL 375 Trust Legitimacy Support for Government
This document discusses political support at the individual level and reassesses the concept. It covers three main conditions for individual-level political support: awareness of political authorities, awareness of their decisions and policies, and awareness of their goals and behavior. Political support can be based on specific policy actions and perceptions of general performance. It also discusses factors that can act as barriers to political support like cognitive incapacity and issues with measurement. Finally, it briefly outlines different types of legitimacy like traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal legitimacy.
Pol 375 Defining Scandal and Corruption
This document provides an introduction to the POL 375 course on the role of government scandals. It discusses reasons for studying scandals, such as understanding why some events become scandals and the effects of inappropriate behavior by public figures. It also presents definitions of key concepts like scandal, corruption, and political scandal. Scandals are defined as involving transgressions that become known and elicit a public response. Corruption refers to actions that deviate from a public role for private gain. The document outlines stages of scandals and possible counter-strategies. It also discusses factors that influence whether actions are seen as more or less corrupt.
POL 318 State Consitutions
This document provides information about state constitutions and how they differ from the U.S. Constitution. It discusses key features of state constitutions such as being more detailed documents that focus on specific policies, having undergone more revisions than the U.S. Constitution, and generally requiring balanced budgets. The document also notes some of the processes states use to amend their constitutions, such as legislative proposals, initiatives and referendums, constitutional conventions, and constitutional commissions.
POL 318 Federalism
This document outlines key aspects of the US federal system of government, including the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches at the federal level. It also discusses key features of federalism such as the division of powers between the national and state governments. Over time, the relationship between the national and state governments has shifted, moving from a "layer cake" model to a more cooperative "marble cake" approach. Contemporary issues discussed include immigration, tribal sovereignty, and privacy laws.
POL 318 Introduction
This document discusses why politics is an important topic to study and introduces some key concepts in political science. It notes that politics deals with important social and political issues like education, taxation, and racial tensions. It defines politics and government, and discusses why states vary in their policies and approaches. It introduces quantitative and qualitative analysis, the idea of variables and units of analysis, and the concepts of correlation and causation. Key terms covered include concepts, operationalization, theories, hypotheses, and political culture.
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
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๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
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Parties and Congress
- 6. ๏ก Congress organized along party lines ๏ก Party as advancement mechanism ๏ก Parties signify contrasting issue positions ๏ง Party Polarization โ Ideological Distance Between Major Parties j ๏ง Increased overTime
- 8. ๏ก Speaker of the House: Paul Ryan (R-WI) ๏ง Presiding officer of the House ๏ง Leader and chief spokesman for majority party ๏ก House Majority Leader: Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) ๏ง Works with Speaker on party agenda ๏ง Coordinates with committees on legislation ๏ก House Minority Leader: Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) ๏ง Highest-ranking minority party member ๏ง Spokeswoman for minority and crafts agenda
- 9. ๏ก Find out membersโ voting preferences on major legislation ๏ก Helps leadership plan party strategy ๏ก Persuade members to support party positions ๏ก Make sure votes are around when needed
- 11. PRESIDENT OF SENATE VICE PRES. MIKE PENCE PRESIDENT PROTEMPORE SEN. ORRIN HATCH (R-UT)
- 12. MAJORITY LEADER MITCH MCCONNELL (R-KY) MINORITY LEADER CHUCK SCHUMER (D-NY)
- 13. ๏ก Managing party membership ๏ก Scheduling Senate business for members ๏ก Monitoring deliberations on Senate floor ๏ก Intermediary for Congress andWhite House ๏ก Representing party/Senate to media
- 14. ๏ก Republican Conference / Democratic Caucus ๏ง General Organization; Represents All Members ๏ก Steering Committees ๏ง Selects and assigns party members to committees ๏ก Policy Committees ๏ง Identifies partyโs position on proposed legislation and sets issue priorities ๏ก Campaign Committees ๏ง Provides campaign support to partyโs congressional committees ๏ง House: NRCC (GOP) and DCCC (Dem) ๏ง Senate: NRSC (GOP) and DSCC (Dem)
- 15. ๏ก Roll-CallVotes ๏ง Vote call in which each legislator's yes or no vote is recorded as clerk calls names of members. ๏ก Party UnityVotes ๏ง Roll-call votes in the House or Senate ๏ง Majority (at least 50%) of the members of one party take a position on an issue ๏ง Opposed by majority (at least 50%) of members in other party. ๏ก Party Unity Scores ๏ง Percentage of times an individual legislator votes with his or her party on party unity votes.