Key Note Speech to The Third International Seminar on Tropical Eco Settlements. Urban Deprivation: A Challenge to Sustainable Urban Settlements. The Seminar hold by The Center for Housing and Settlement, Ministry of Public Work, the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta 31 )ct-2 Nov 2012.

1. KEY NOTE SPEECH
THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TROPICAL
ECO SETTLEMENTS.
URBAN DEPRIVATION: A CHALLENGE TO
SUSTAINABLE URBAN SETTLEMENTS
Oswar Mungkasa
Representing Deputy for Infrastructures Affairs
National Development Agency
Jakarta, 31 October 2012

2. Definition
• People can be said to be
deprived if they lack the types of
clothing, housing, household
facilities, fuel, environmental,
educational, working and social
Urban conditions, activities and
facilities which are customary or
Deprivation at least widely accepted by the
societies to which they belong.
• People are in poverty if they lack
the resources to escape
deprivation.
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3. The Fact
Over the last 2 • Around 3 billion people-
centuries  virtually half of the world’s
proportion of the total population –now live
world’s population in urban settlements.
living in urban • Population experts predict
areas have that by the year
increased from 5% 2030, around two-thirds of
to 50% the world’s population will
live in cities.
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4. The Fact
• One of the most recognizable forms of urban
deprivation is the formation and rapid growth of
slum areas in almost all cities.
• In 1990, there were nearly 715 million slum
dwellers in the world. By 2000, the slum
population had increased to 912 million.
Today, around 1 billion or 33 per cent, of the
world’s urban population resides in slums. One out
of every three city dwellers lives in slum conditions
• the slum population will reach 1.4 billion by 2020.
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5. The Fact
• 133 million people living in cities of the
developing world lack durable housing;
• in 2003, approximately 20 per cent of the
developing world’s urban population –401
million people – lived in houses that lacked
sufficient living area (with three or more
people sharing a bedroom);
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6. The Fact
• getting water from a tap is a luxury enjoyed
by only two-third of the world’s urban
population; less than half of this group (46
per cent) have piped water within their
dwelling; 10 per cent rely on public
taps, while 8 per cent have access only to
manually pumped water or protected wells;
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7. The Fact
• Over 25 per cent of the developing world’s
urban population – or 560 million city
residents – lack adequate sanitation;
• A global survey in 60 countries found that
6.7 million people had been evicted from
their homes between 2000 and 2002,
compared with 4.2 million in the previous
two years.
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8. Issues
the mobilization of
lack of a political will the potentials and
of the government to capacities of the
address the issue in related
a sustainable and stakeholders, particul
large scale manner arly the community
itself
the lack or limited number of financing
resources for home ownership
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9. Issues
to adopt an adequate
security of tenure also a
approach to urban land
fundamental challenge
management.
• demand for water cannot be satisfied by the
locally available water resources
• the discharge of insufficiently treated
wastewater increases costs for downstream
users and has detrimental effects on the
aquatic systems;
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10. The Issues
helping the poor to become more
integrated into the fabric of urban society is
the only long-lasting and sustainable
solution to the growing urbanization of
poverty.
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11. Policies and strategies
the non-physical
addressing the issue of activities such as the
slum areas need to be formulation of city
sustainable, and as plans, road
such the applied maps, regulations and
policies and strategies the provisions of
should consider the employment should
social, environmental also be a part of the
and economic aspects. overall policies and
strategies
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12. Policies and Strategies
urban policy in the provision of
infrastructure towards alleviating the urban
deprivation phenomena should have at
least 3 (three) characteristics:
(a) area-based policies;
(b) coordination among agencies (joint
efforts or partnership);
(c) community-based
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13. Policies and Strategies
• the local government need to have an
integrated urban development
strategies, encompassing physical,
economic and social development, and
Agenda 21 to provide an overall strategic
approach
• a long-term initiative needs to fully
involve all stakeholders, first amongst
them the slum dwellers and their
organizations.
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14. Policies and Strategies
• improving the welfare of the poor
through income generating programs
and policies that support livelihood
strategies,
• Slum area management through
upgrading programs is needed
• local authorities need to be strengthened
by providing them with the necessary
resources and capacity to undertake a
wide range of functions;
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15. Policies and strategies
all cities should consider developing land-resource
management plans to guide land-resource
development and utilization and, to that end, should:
 Encourage partnerships among the public, private
and community sectors in managing land resources
for human settlements development;
 Strengthen community-based land-resource
protection practices in existing urban settlements;
 Accelerate efforts to promote access to land by the
urban poor, including credit schemes for the
purchase of land and for building/acquiring or
improving safe and healthy shelter and
infrastructure services;
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16. Policies and Strategies
an integrated approach to urban water
management (IUWM) is necessary. An
IUWM approach involves managing
freshwater, wastewater, and storm water as
links within the resource management
structure, using an urban area as the unit of
management.
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17. Policies and strategies
Some key solutions for financing water and
sanitation for the poor (Water and Sanitation for
the Urban Poor/WSUP);
 maximize local small-scale private-sector
involvement in water and sanitation service
provision. There is broad consensus that local
small-private-sector entrepreneurs can make
very important contribution to sustainable pro-
poor services in urban communities. These
smaller independent operators may perform
auxiliary roles that large-scale service providers
are unable to provide;
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18. Policies and strategies
 introduce innovative water tariff systems that are
ensure both financial sustainability and affordability
for the poorest of the poor. Promote policies aimed
at recovering the actual cost of infrastructure
services, while at the same time recognizing the
need to find suitable approaches (incl. subsidies) to
extend basic services to all households;
 use water revenues to cross-subsidize sanitation:
including sanitation charges in water bills;
 use output-based financing approaches: by making
disbursement dependent on demonstrated delivery
of infrastructures or services, international funders
can ensure that funds are spent more efficiently. 18

19. Thank you
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