The document outlines the conservation strategy for the Palawan Corridor, including a biological assessment of various endemic species and an analysis of socio-economic impacts. It identifies major threats such as logging, agriculture, and urban development, and emphasizes the need for a spatially explicit conservation plan. The establishment of protected areas, particularly the Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, is highlighted as a key initiative for biodiversity preservation and sustainable resource management.

1. Palawan Corridor
Conservation Strategy and
Current Initiatives
Corridor Workshop
Cebu, Philippines
January 9-13, 2008

2. CI-P’s Priority Corridors

3. Palawan Corridor Strategy
Biological
assessment
Socio-economic
assessment
Threats analysis
Policy assessment

4. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Biological Assessment
18 species of FRESHWATER FISH (50% endemic to the
corridor)
26 species of AMPHIBIANS (25% endemic to the country,
majority are confined to the corridor)
69 species of REPTILES (29% are endemic to the country)
279 species of BIRDS (10% are endemic to the country); 34%
of bird species are migratory, making the region a vital flyway
for migratory birds
58 species of TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS, 19 or 33% are
endemic to the country, 16 are restricted to the corridor
Source: CI, 2004; CI/BASMU, 2007

5. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Biological Assessment
Trigger Species
AAA
KBA Name CR EN VU RR
BBB
El Nido – Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 1 2 11 16
1
Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and 2 2 10 18
Seascape 2
CCC
Lake Manguao 1 1 13 20
1
San Vicente-Taytay-Roxas Forest 2 1 11 10
2
3
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 2 2 12 19
Cleopatra' Needle
s 1 1 3 1
Victoria and Anepahan Ranges 1 4 15 22
Mt Mantalingahan 2 3 13 20

6. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Biological Assessment
Trigger Species
KBA Name CR EN VU RR
Calauit Island 1 2 10 22
Busuanga Island 1 1 9 37
Culion Island 1 1 8 33
Coron Island 1 0 6 4
Dumaran-Araceli 2 2 5 5
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 1 2 3 0
Ursula Island 0 0 3 0
Balabac Island 1 2 10 39
Tubbataha Reef Natural Park 1 1 1 0

7. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Demographic Assessment
Population Growth Rate Fig. 1. In-migration trends, Palawan Corridor
Pre-1945 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Local fishing
Subsistence farming
NTFP harvesting
Local trading
Copra and mangrove harvesting
Commercial mining
Commercial fishing,
logging, trading
Land release program : NARRA CARP
Social unrest
Source: CI/Boquiren, 2004

8. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Major Biodiversity Threats
Forest Destruction
Logging
Agriculture (slash and burn)
Fuelwood gathering
Depletion of marine fishery
Mangrove destruction
Legal and illegal fishing
Mining and quarrying
Roads and other large infrastructure development
Tourism development
Wildlife hunting

9. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Land Use Changes in a Nickel Mining Area

10. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis Integrates economic theory with
Geographic Information
Sciences (GIS).
Involved interpreting and
$
!
%%
! "
&' $$ (
merging data and analysis
across spatial and hierarchical
#
scales.
""
! #
Spatial econometrics was used
)*
*+
to tease out the relationships
! "
!
,
! between geophysical features of
!
the land with broader socio-
# ,"
economic and demographic
trends.
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004

11. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis Why do a habitat loss analysis?
• A business-as-usual habitat loss analysis
is generated to predict future landscape
change based on current trends and policies.
$ %% &' $$ ( • To communicate the risks of the status
! ! "
quo.
• To identify the relative vulnerability of
#
"" different habitats to degradation and human
! #
activity.
,
)*
*+
• To contribute towards the design of a
!
spatially explicit conservation plan that
!
! "
! minimizes habitat loss risks and opportunity
# ,"
costs.
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004

12. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Variables used in the risk of habitat loss analysis
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Class Variables Scale
Land cover (=0 if primary; =1 for all other) Pixel
Slope (in degrees)
Geophysical Elevation (in meters) Pixel
$ %% &' $$ ( features Land use and land cover diversity
! ! " NDVI change from 1987 to 1998
Demographic Population density Brgy
Population growth (1995 – 2000)
# Projected pop’n growth (2000 – 2005 )
""
! #
Access costs Distance to nearest road Pixel
Distance to nearest town
)*
*+
, Socio- Per capita income (in PhP) Municip
! !
! " economic Human Development Index (HDI) al
!
Policy Presence of tenurial rights (Tenure = Pixel
# ,"
1 if clear tenure exists, such as
CADCs and CBFMAs; = 0
otherwise)
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004

13. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Potential impacts on biodiversity!
$ %% &' $$ (
! ! "
#
""
! #
)*
*+
,
! !
! "
!
# ,"
Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004

14. Palawan Corridor Planning:
Economic/Threats Assessment
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis Risk of Habitat Loss, by Forest Type (% )
100%
90%
80%
70%
60% High risk
50% Medium risk
40% Low risk
30%
$ %% &' $$ (
! ! " 20%
10%
0%
Prim ary Secondary
# Forests under high risks, by municipality
""
! # 14000
12000
)*
*+ 10000 Secondary
,
8000 Primary
! !
Ha
! " 6000
4000
!
# ," 2000
0
Bataraza Brookes Española Quezon Rizal
Point
Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004

15. Palawan Corridor Strategy
Awareness campaign
Biodiversity research
& monitoring
Watershed/protected
area management
Law enforcement
Linking human well-
being & biodiversity
conservation

16. Priority Site:
Mt. Mantalingahan
Protected Landscape
. . . a new protected area
(2004 to present)
. . . 126,000 hectares

17. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
One of the 10 sites of the Alliance for Zero
Extinction (AZE) in the Philippines;
One of the 11 important bird areas in
Palawan;
One of the 17 terrestrial key biodiversity
areas (KBA) in Palawan;
The largely forested mountain range
covers several critical watersheds that
are extremely valuable to lowland
agricultural economy.
The large expanse of forest also plays a
macro-climatic function by acting as a
significant carbon sink.

18. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Location: South of Palawan Province, Philippines
5 Municipalities covered: Bataraza, Brooks Point,
Quezon, Rizal, Sofronio Espanola
Population: at least 3,000 HH
of indigenous Palaw’an
Key Species: Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (Palawanomys
furvus), Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Palawan
striped-babbler (Stachyris hypogrammica)

19. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Legal Requirements
1 Compilation of maps & technical
descriptions
2 Initial screening
3 Public notifications
4 Initial consultation
5 Census & registration of PA
occupants
6 Resource profiling
7 Initial Protected Area Plan
8 Public hearings
9 Regional review & recommendations
10 National review & recommendations
11 Presidential Proclamation
12 Congressional action
13 Demarcation

20. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
RESOURCE Summary of the economic values of Mt. Mantalingahan Range
VALUATION (present value, i=10%)
Use Value (Php) Valuation
(Focus on Use Values) Approach
• Direct use values
Timber 24,357,190,909 Opportunity cost
Timber
NTFPs
Use of land for Carbon Sequestration 12,059,604,347 Benefits transfer
agroforestry
Water Soil Conservation 1 43,068,093 Replacement cost
• Indirect use values Water and Biodiversity 64,156,435 Contingent valuation
Carbon sequestration
Soil conservation Direct use of IPs*
Biodiversity
TOTAL 36,624,019,784
*to be estimated

21. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
LAND-USE ANALYSIS
Method
Assess optimality of existing and
planned land-uses Suitability assessment of existing
and proposed land-uses
Estimate minimum requirements to
conserve water, soil and biodiversity o Suitability – compatibility to site
quality (i.e., slope)
Recommend strategies to achieve
o Suitability – onsite and offsite
right mix of development and
impacts (streamflows and soil
conservation uses
erosion)
Facilitate update of municipal land o Suitability – consistency with
use plans legal framework (i.e., legal
classification of the land)
Provide inputs to the protected area
management plan o Suitability – in terms of
financial viability

22. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
LAND-USE ANALYSIS
Levels and Scales of Assessment
Landscape
Watershed
• micro watersheds (<1000 ha)
• 21 small watersheds (1000 to 10K ha)
• 10 medium watersheds (10K to 50K ha)

23. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
TOTAL EROSION (tons/ha) inside the Mt. Mantalingahan Range
Total Area of
Current Land Use ECAN 250-Recession 500-m Recession 750-m Recession
Watershed Watershed
Erosion Erosion Erosion Erosion Erosion
(ha) Total USLE Total USLE Total USLE Total USLE Total USLE
ton/ha ton/ha ton/ha ton/ha ton/ha
Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40 12919.6 1.9 13026.1 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13037.7 1.9
Babanga River 1564.42 11582.5 7.4 11583.1 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.3 7.4
Barong-barong River 6079.11 6171.4 1.0 3115.6 0.5 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0
Bono-bono River 1326.23 7422.5 5.6 4395.1 3.3 3687.5 2.8 4228.0 3.2 7422.5 5.6
Bulalacao River 2510.68 10135.4 4.0 8691.8 3.5 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0
Buligay River 4800.61 17955.6 3.7 16140.6 3.4 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7
Candawaga River 7914.09 53135.8 6.7 51811.3 6.5 53134.8 6.7 53134.8 6.7 53171.8 6.7
Culasian River 10791.75 53576.9 5.0 53561.8 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53578.7 5.0
Idyok River 951.10 1136.9 1.2 1138.8 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1138.8 1.2
Ilog River 10809.76 34503.9 3.2 34675.4 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34737.1 3.2
Inogbong River 3347.05 14064.4 4.2 9506.2 2.8 10759.7 3.2 14363.9 4.3 14126.0 4.2
Iraan River 18356.83 46615.8 2.5 45774.7 2.5 46615.4 2.5 46618.5 2.5 46625.5 2.5
Iwahig River 17834.89 133357.6 7.5 126537.1 7.1 91342.9 5.1 94036.8 5.3 133376.3 7.5
Kinlugan River 6999.88 33106.8 4.7 33218.4 4.7 33269.8 4.8 33275.5 4.8 33236.0 4.7
Labog River 5365.92 44376.4 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44654.8 8.3
Lamikan River 15778.33 53632.6 3.4 53282.2 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53632.6 3.4
Malambunga River 14512.93 58024.0 4.0 57879.7 4.0 57879.8 4.0 57879.8 4.0 58024.0 4.0
Mambalot-Pilantropia River 12363.42 16175.6 1.3 9757.1 0.8 16192.4 1.3 16192.4 1.3 16192.5 1.3
Marangas River 4840.48 24817.2 5.1 2302.8 0.5 24426.4 5.0 24818.2 5.1 24818.5 5.1
Panalingaan River 7107.03 53114.2 7.5 53119.4 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53128.7 7.5
Panitian River QZ 17903.02 92247.9 5.2 92229.2 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92267.7 5.2
Pulot River 18192.31 43720.9 2.4 43836.3 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43843.2 2.4
Ransang River 8915.92 59431.7 6.7 59720.4 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59752.5 6.7
Salogon River 2492.34 21979.0 8.8 16769.8 6.7 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8
Samare±ana River 7065.58 36449.8 5.2 28658.9 4.1 36472.2 5.2 36472.2 5.2 36472.8 5.2
Saraza River 3836.27 19646.2 5.1 16380.8 4.3 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1
Summerumsum River 3193.47 28998.6 9.1 28997.7 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.3 9.1
Tagbuaya River 7251.98 38889.2 5.4 38849.9 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38905.4 5.4
Tagusao River 5658.74 31632.2 5.6 31595.2 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31632.4 5.6
Tarusan River 2811.51 16283.0 5.8 16120.3 5.7 16285.0 5.8 16285.0 5.8 16283.3 5.8
Tasay River 2668.48 9315.8 3.5 7387.0 2.8 9314.4 3.5 9314.4 3.5 9315.8 3.5
Tigaplan River 17248.77 51405.7 3.0 31027.6 1.8 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0
Unnamed River 113.39 1459.3 12.9 890.2 7.9 1495.4 13.2 1460.9 12.9 3990.1 35.2
242962.77 1137284.5 1046591.6 1088921.2 1096126.1 1141246.9

24. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Total Area
Total
of Streamflow
Watershed Erosion
Watershed (MCM)
(ha)
(ton)
Initial Results
Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40
Babanga River 1564.42
Barong-barong River 6079.11
Bono-bono River 1326.23
Bulalacao River
Buligay River
2510.68
4800.61
Land Use Change 1998-2006
Candawaga River 7914.09
Culasian River
Idyok River
10791.75
951.10
Old growth forests being lost to
Ilog River
Inogbong River
10809.76
3347.05 open canopy and cultivation
Iraan River 18356.83
Iwahig River 17834.89
Kinlugan River
Labog River
6999.88
5365.92 Residual forest being lost to
Lamikan River
Malambunga River
15778.33
14512.93 cultivation
Mambalot-Pilantropia
River 12363.42
Marangas River
Panalingaan River
4840.48
7107.03 30% of brushland converted to
Panitian River QZ 17903.02
Pulot River 18192.31 cultivation
Ransang River 8915.92
Salogon River 2492.34
Mangrove being lost to fishpond
Samare±ana River 7065.58
Saraza River 3836.27
Summerumsum River 3193.47
Tagbuaya River 7251.98 development
Tagusao River 5658.74
Tarusan River 2811.51
Tasay River 2668.48
Tigaplan River 17248.77
Unnamed River 113.39
TOTAL 257502.69

25. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

26. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Other Ongoing Activities
• Capacity strengthening of PA management body
• Management plan formulation
o Design of sustainable financing scheme
o Design of tools for PA monitoring and adaptive
management
• Management plan implementation
• Other relevant further technical assistance

27. Site Outcome:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Sites with
formal
recognition as
+ Mt. Mantalingahan . . .
protected area
18%
30%

28. maraming salamat po
More positive outcomes in 2008 and beyond!