Resources Analysis - Province of Palawan, Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies on the Environment

IMAPE Projec
E ct
Phili
ippines
Impa of M
acts Macroec conomicc
Adju
ustment Policies on the
s
Environm
E ment Prooject
IMAAPE Reseaarch Paper No. 08
r
Resource Analysis Province of Palaw
es s, wan

Provinncial Planning and Developm Office
ment
Provinc of Palawan
ce
Octoober 2001
This work was carried out with th aid of a gra from the In
w he ant nternational
Develop pment Researc Centre, Ott
ch tawa, Canada.

IMAPE Proje Policy and Developmen Foundation Inc.
ect. d nt n,
Unit 7B Vern I Condom
nida minium, 120 A
Amorsolo Stre Legaspi Vi
eet, Village, Makati City,
Metro Ma
anila Philippines
Telephon (632) 813-6
ne: 6178/79 Fax: (632) 813-617
79
Email: mima
ap@pacific.ne et.ph

IMAPE Project Impacts of Macroeconomic
Adjustment Policies on the
Philippines Environment Project

IMAPE Research Paper No. 08

Resources Analysis, Province of Palawan

Provincial Planning and Development Office
Province of Palawan

October 2001

This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International
Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

IMAPE Project. Policy and Development Foundation, Inc.

Unit 7B Vernida I Condominium, 120 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City,
Metro Manila Philippines

Telephone: (632) 813-6178/79 Fax: (632) 813-6179

Email: mimap@pacific.net.ph

Project concept Resources Analysis

- Project Concept -

Final Documentation, Oct. 2001

Prepared by:

Provincial Planning & Development Offie (PPDO)
Geographic Information System (GIS) Unit
Provincial Capitol
Puerto Princesa City
Palawan

Province of Palawan 1



List of Contents

Introduction 3

Objectives and Principles of the Resources Analysis 5

Data Sources 7

Implementation and Project Activities 17

Project Partners and Cooperation 18

Limitations of the study 19

List of Tables

Table 1: Environmentally Critical Area Network (ECAN) 9

Table 2: Existing land uses by type and definition 13

List of Maps

Map 1: Environmentally critical Area Network (ECAN) 10

Map 3: Palawan Land Management Units 12

Map 3: Palawan Existing Land Uses (1988, based on LMU) 14

Map 4: Existing Infrastructre 16




- Project Concept -

Introduction
Palawan: The Province of Palawan is reportedly rich in land and marine
a province rich
in land and resources. About 25% of the total land area or roughly 375,000 has
marine are potentially suitable for agricultural and livestock production,
resources
ranging from irrigated rice land to upland farming and agroforestry1.
The remaining or potential forest areas (together about 1,100,000 has)
are a valuable source for minor forest products and, where it is
permitted by the Environmentally Critical Area Network (ECAN),
controlled logging and forestation2. The estimated provincial water
bodies of around 49,408 sq. km provide a wealth of marine resources3.
Fishing and exploitation of marine products has become of increasing
importance for household livelihood. The value of fish production
doubled between 1993 and 19984. In the year 2000, around 21.38% of
all employed persons (a total number of around 42,131) reported
fishing as their major livelihood activity. With an average family size of
4.98 persons, this amounts to 210,655 out of the total 755,412 people
depending on fishing as main source of income5.

Poverty However, socio-economic data on the development situation of
incidence
households and communities in Palawan indicates that resource
and
economic availability and utilization so far did not translate into a significantly
performance
increasing economic welfare of the population6. In the year 2000, only
about 30,73% of the 150,983 households in Palawan had an income
higher than the poverty line defined by the National Economic
Development Authority (NEDA). This means that a total number of
104,586 households in the Province did not have sufficient financial

1
Based on the Protected Areas for Agriculture (NPAA/NAAD) map, BSWD, 1988
2
The ECAN permits the latter activities in the controlled buffer zone and the traditional use zone
3
figure taken from the Provincial Development Plan 2001 - 2005
4
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), figure taken from the Provincial Development Plan 2001
- 2005, Value in 1993 = 1,636,054, Value in 1998 = 3,058,878 (in 1,000 pesos)
5
Demographic data based on NSO Census 2000



resources to satisfy all their basic needs. The high poverty incidence
can be explained by looking at employment figures. With 80.43% of all
persons aged 15 - 64 in gainful work, the employment rate in the year
2000 was below the national average of 86.10%. But even more
significant is the fact that 64.19% of the employed persons reported to
be underemployed, which means that their work did not give them
sufficient income to support their families.

Employment About 62.60% of the labor force population is employed in the primary
distribution
sectors agriculture, fishery and forestry while it is only 8.85% in the
by sectors and
Municipalities industry sector and 28.03% in the trade sector. It is noted that those
Municipalities with the highest proportion of employment in the primary
sector are also among those with the highest poverty incidence.
Examples are Linapacan, Cagayancillo and Rizal. On the opposite, the
Municipalities with higher proportion of employed persons in industry
and trade sectors (like Aborlan, Magsaysay and Cuyo) do better in
terms of household income (refer to annex 1 for comparison by
municipality).

Low The summary above points out that the utilization of resource is
productivity in
the primary characterized by low productivity with only marginal benefits to farmers
sectors and fishermen. This situation is commonly associated with a lack of
infrastructure, poor market linkages, low technology and skills levels
and absence of investment capital.

Increase in The Provincial Government of Palawan has given attention to this
productivity
problem. On the assumption that employment in the primary sector will
and income
generation continue to be the main source of livelihood, the Governor has
prioritized poverty alleviation through increased productivity and the
promotion of income generating industries as the major converns of
the current administration7. The creation of Special Development
areas (SDA) is expected to bring employment opportunities in

6
information below is taken from the draft Human Development Report for Palawan, PPDO 2001
7
‘State-of-the-Province Address’ delivered by Hon. Joel T. Reyes on July 1, 2001



resource-based industries8. Part of this effort will be the identification
of growth clusters for five major development sectors (Fisheries,
Livestock, Crops, Agroforestry and Tourism) and the designation and
promotion of resource based industrial developments. This strategy
gives attention to enhance production and at the same time to develop
the viable schemes for the processing of resources.

Objectives and Principles of the Resources Analysis
Identification of The project on resources analysis is designed to assist in the
locations for generation of data for potential locations, areas and production levels
resource-based
development for those resources, that will justify investments for the establishment
of resource based industries. The study is also conceptualized to
assist in the decision making for the selection of growth clusters.

Marketing of It is intended to provide documentation on the promotion and
resources
marketing of resource-based industrial development.

Framework for The analysis is also an instrument to control and direct land uses and
environmental to plan management intervention. If conducted on a regular basis, it
monitoring
can be vital source to monitor land use changes.

In summary, the study consists of three main steps:

Analytical • Delineation of potential suitable locations for the development of
steps different resources (land and marine uses)
• Identification of development opportunity areas, where different
resource / land uses can be developed and intensified in a
sustainable manner
• Comparison of different locations for development in terms of the
existing frame conditions based on a set criteria pertaining to
socio-economic parameters, infrastructure and utilities, farm
technologies and others

8
The following information is taken from the Terms of Reference on the Preliminary Study on
Growth Area Master Planning, PPDO, undated



Step 1: The suitability analysis is done by cartographic overlay of potential and
Suitability
analysis existing land uses, aided by Geographic Information (GIS) technology.
The land resources or land uses that will be examined are rice,
cultivated annual crops, trees and vines, pasture and grazing,
agroforestry/ forest plantation and extraction of minor forest products.
Information will be provided on following aspects:

• The suitable geographic location for resource developed
• The size of the land area
• The potential volume and value, based on current production
levels

The following criteria have been selected for suitability analysis9
1. Slope
2. Ersoion hazard
3. Hydrological properties
4. Soil: Alluvium
5. Elevation
6. Presence of protected, endangered ecosystems and species

Step 2: The analysis of the different land uses further compares the potential
Sustainability
land suitability with the existing land uses. The guiding principle in this
analysis
analytical step is that of sustainability. Any particular resource or land
use is only recommended in those locations, where its requirements
will satisfy the geo-physical characteristics of the land, without causing
deterioration. The analysis will provide information on:

• The area and location, where a current land use is in conflict with
the suitability criteria and where land is being overused
(unsustainable). This information is useful in preparation of
management interventions (such as measures to prevent soil
erosion)

9
Based on a joint assessment with GIS section of PCSDS/PTFPP on July 16, 2001



• The area and location, where the intensity of current land use is
below the suitability level. This land is a potential development
opportunity
• The area and location where the current land use are meeting
the suitability criteria (sustainable use of land)

Step 3: The identified sustainable areas for the different land uses / resources
Comparison
of identified are clustered and then linked to additional information such as the
locations presence of infrastructure (road density, power and water availability),
socio-economic indicators (employment patterns, educational levels
etc), the presence of technology ( post harvest facilities, farm and
fishing technologies, agricultural extension) and accessibility of
markets. This will allow a comparison of different clusters in terms of
the frame conditions for their development and the required
intervention levels, such as the provision of addition infrastructure,
skills development etc.)

Data Sources
The study uses a set of spatial data, each of them imposing conditions
or restriction on the potential and existing land use. They are:

• Environmentally Critical Area Network, PCSDS
• Land Management Units, BSWD/LREP, 1988
• Existing Land Use (Municipal and Provincial Governments)
• Climatic maps
• Biodiversity data
• Infrastructure and utilities
• Socio-economic parameters



Example: Identification of areas for irrigated rice cultivation

Step 1: Suitability analysis

Data sources:
• LMU, ECAN, Biodiversity data

Criteria:
1. Slope: Nearly level to gently sloping, 0-3%, up to 8% if terraced
2. Ersoion hazard: no to slight erosion
3. Hydrological properties: poorly to moderately drained
4. Soil: Alluvium, collu-alluvium (clay, loam)
5. Elevation: below 100 m
6. Absence of protected, endangered ecosystems and species

Output:
• Map showing the locations which are suitable for the cultivation of irrigated rice

Step 2: Sustainability analysis

Data sources:
• Suitability map by resource (land use), Existing land use map

Criteria:
• If current use is irrigated rice and suitable use is of lower intensity (i.e. forest), then the
area is overused (unsustainable use)
• If current use is rice and suitable use is rice, then the use is sustainable
• If current use is of lower intensity then rice and suitable use is rice, then the area is a
development opportunity area for irrigated rice

Output:
• Sustainability map for the land use type írrigated rice`
• Cluster of development opportunity areas for land use type írrigated rice`

Step 3: Examination of existing facilities / socio-economic conditions by
location

Data sources:
• Sustainability map for the land use type írrigated rice`
• Infrastructure map
• Facilities map (post harvest, market places, extension services)
• Socio-economic parameters by barangay breakdown

Criteria (examples):
• Road density per area of development opportunity land
• Capacity of post harvest facilities
• Distance (travel time) to markets
• Farm technology levels used
• Access to sources of energy (% rates)

Output:
• Comparative analysis of different locations by the selected indicators



Environmentally The ECAN establishes a graded system of protection and
Critical Area Network
(ECAN) development control over the whole province, to ensure forest
protection and conservation, watershed protection, preservation of
biological diversity, maintenance of maximum sustainable yield and
others10.

Table 1: Environmentally Critical Area Network (ECAN)

ECAN Zone Definition Criteria Suitable land uses
Core Zone Fully and strictly protected and
above 1,000m; Forest,
maintained free of human virging forest or first growth; gathering of forest
intervention steep gradient, > 50% slope; species for medicinal
peaks of mountains with purposes
elevation > 500m;
Buffer Zone, Generally surrounds the core elevation > 500m < 1,000 m; Forest,
restricted use area zopne and provides a slope 36 - 50%; limited and non
protective barrier critical watershed; consumptive
elevation < 500m >300m to activities
protect the remaining
forested
peaks of watersheds;
adjacent to critical ecosystems
elevation <500m, 10km belt
surrounding core zone;
Buffer Zone, Encircles and provides the elevation 100 - 500m; Forest,
controlled use outer buffer to the core slope 18 - 35%; controlled forest
and restricted zones extraction (minor
forest products,
strictly controlled
logging and mining
Traditional use Edges of intact forest where slope > 18% but elevation upland farming
thraditional land use is below 100m; systems, social
already stabilized or being open brushland or grassland, forestry
stabilized still classified Timberland; industrial tree
Timberland/Public Land plantation
<100m;
Multiple/manipulativ The area where the landscape areas classified as A&D; no restrictions
Use zone has been modified for areas with slope < 18%;
different forms od land uses
Mangrove Forest (1) Mangrove forest
Buffer strips along 20m along rivers Forest, vegetative
rivers and cover
escarpments (1)

10
Republic Act 7611, Adopting the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan, 1992



Map 1: Environmental Critical Area Network
(Source: Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff, PCSDS)



Land Management The LMU were established by the Bureau of Soils and Water
Units (LMU)
Management (BSWM) in 1988 to define land suitability. Land suitability
is a classification of land into categories based on the degree to which
the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental
requirements of specific crops, without deterioration. A particular area
of land may have a high suitability for irrigated rice but low suitability
for growing fruit trees because of the poor soil drainage11:

11
AUSAID/NEDA, PPFP Training Program, 1996, p. 76



Map 2: Palawan Land Management Units



Existing Existing land use data contains information on the way an area of land
Land Use
is actually being put to use, e.g. to grow rice or to build houses on. The
different types or classes of lan d use reflect the impact of people upon
the land, ranging from intensive uses with high impact (built-up areas)
to extensive uses with low impact (protected forest).

Table 4: Existing land uses by type and definition

Land use type Definition
Built-up area Concentration of buildings and infrastructure
used for urban activities
Urban Center residential dwellings and commercial establishments
Large institution hospitals, schools, churches. Which occupy considerable
portions of land (around 1 ha and above)
Tourism area locations, where tourists come for leasure, recreation
and boarding / lodging
Irrigated rice lands rice growing area served by irrigation facilities or
dependent on occurrence of rain
Cultivated annual crops crops that need annual cultivation:
corn, peanut, upland rice, vegetables (mungbean, tomato,
squash), rootcrops (sweet potato, cassava)
Perennial Trees and cashew, jackfruit, clove, abaca, coconut, mango, banana
vine crops
Pasture grazing animals, commercial cattle raising
Forest plantation, Integrated Social Forestry, Reforestation, Industrial tree
Tree farming, plantation, catchment Community-based forest
Hillside farming, management, upland farming
Production forest
Minor forest product Gathering of forest products like rattan, almasiga,
extraction in protection bamboo, etc
Forest
Protected Forest, Forest
no extraction
Mangroves Mangrove forest
Fishponds, saltbeds
Mining, quarrying extraction of minerals, sand and gravel
Other uses, not
classified above



Map 3: Palawan Existing Land Uses (1988, based on LMU)



Infrastructure A series of spatial data is used with information on the road network in
and utilities
potential areas for resource development initiatives as well as the
location and type of available facilities (post harvest, extension
services) and utilities (power, water). The sources are maps, which are
available at the Provincial Government Offices, particularly the PPDO.

Socio-economic Socio-economic information for Palawan is made available through the
parameters
Community-based Monitoring System (CBMS), a household survey
conducted in the year 2000. A set of indicators is used to document
the human development situation and conditions in the area. These
indicators pertain to educational levels and attainment, employment by
sector, health conditions, peace and order, economic activities et.



Map 4: Existing Infrastructure facilities



Implementation and Project Activities
Pilot sites: It is proposed to pilot the land resources analysis in two locations. One
Brooke’s Point
is Brooke's Point (with Espanola), the other is Taytay (with El Nido).
and Taytay
The selection is based on the criteria that Taytay and Brooke’ Point
have been identified as alternative growth centers to Puerto Princesa
City 12.

Activities for The first activity to implement the resource analysis will be the
step 1 of project
generation of digital data needed for the suitability analysis. While the
implementation
Land Management Units are being digitized by the GIS Unit of PPDO,
the ECAN and biodiversity needs to be obtained from the PCSDS and
other sources.

Once, all data sets are available, the suitability classes per resource
(land use) need to be identified (using the criteria mentioned above)
and suitability profiles for each resource generated.

Activities for Crucial to the sustainability analysis is the availability of recent and
step 2 of project valid information on existing land uses. While digital data is available
implementation
for parts of El Nido and Taytay (through the NIPAP) and Espanola,
where the Municipal Government was assisted by the Palawan
Tropical Forestry Protection Programme (PTFPP) in generating land
use maps, the Brooke’s Point data is both not yet digitized and does
not have the required accuracy/validity. For areas in EL Nido and
Taytay that are not covered by the NIPAP survey, the existing land use
map needs to be procured from the Municipal Governments, validated
and converted into digital format.

Once the data is available, sustainability profiles for each resource
can be performed by overlaying land suitability and existing land use
for each respective resource. Based on this analysis, priority
opportunity areas for resource development can be identified.



Activities for For the comparison of identified development opportunity areas, most
step 3 of project of the required data is available at the PPDO. In terms of economic
implementation
data (like production cost, markets, farm-gate prices), some field
validation will be necessary. The first activity is to cluster the
development opportunity areas (output of step 2). In a second activity,
the set of criteria to be used in the analysis needs to be finalized and
applied to find preferred development clusters. Finally, the results of
the analysis will have to documented and presented for decision
making.

Project Partners and Cooperation
It is proposed to undertake the project as a collaborative effort of the
Provincial Planning and Development Office, concerned provincial
departments, the municipal government agencies and PTFPP/PCSDS.

Plans and The analysis and documentation itself can be performed by staff from
Programs
Division (PPDO) the GIS Unit of the Provincial Planning and Development Office. As
the output is expected to assist the Plans and Programs Division of the
Office in preparing feasibility studies on the Special Development
Areas, each step needs to be closely coordinated with staff from the
Provincial Line Division. A number of provincial offices, in particular agriculture,
agencies:
Agriculture, environment and economic enterprise development, should also be
Environment, involved. Their expertise is needed in validation and refinement of
Economic
Enterprise criteria for suitability analysis. As main users of the results, they should
development also contribute to project implementation

Municipal It is further advised to involve the municipal governments to an extent
Governments
that goes beyond the role of providing land use data in map format.
The project can deliver results that may be of great value to the
municipal planners. For this purpose, the project should be presented
and discussed to representatives of the Local Government Units.

12
Provincial Physical Framework Plan 200 - 2010, Province of Palawan



PCSDS and The Provincial Government of Palawan has established a cooperation
PTFPP
for data exchange on land use with the Palawan Council for
Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS) and the Palawan Tropical
Forestry Protection Program (PTFPP). The cooperation is specified in
a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among the parties, that includes
the resources analysis. Therefore, the PCSDS and PTFPP should be
consulted.

Limitations of the study
Quality of land The main limitation of the analysis is its dependency on the quality of
use data
existing land use data. Field validation is too costly and in the absence
of other sources (like recent satellite images), the existing land use
maps from the Municipalities have to be used, which are not all of
satisfactory quality.

Degree of detail The selected resources / land uses comprise of general categories
for resources / only. It is noted that more detailed information is also required for
land uses
particular crops (for example Cashew under the tree crop land use
type). It is suggested that the results from the analysis will be
examined and detailed further as the need arises. This will require
additional agricultural knowledge and interpretation of the conditions
for specific crops.

Fisheries and In terms of the development areas to be studied, there are limitations
Tourism sectors on the fisheries sector. While information is available for the general
location of fishing grounds, more detailed data (area, extent, resources
etc.) is not existing. Given this situation, the assessment of possible
development clusters will be rather general. The question of
sustainability levels cannot be addressed. This would need further
scientific research. The tourism sector is not part of the analysis,
simply because an extensive research has been conducted by the
Government of the Philippines in cooperation with JICA.



Analysis also excludes mineral resources. Like for the aquatic
resources, this would need a separate study.

PPDO GIS Unit
October 15, 2001



Annex 1: Employment data for Palawan ( based on CBMS
survey year 2000)

Location Employment Income above Underemployed Employment by Sector (%)
rate (%) poverty line (%) persons (%) Agric./Fish./For. Industry Services
Philippines 86,10 68,20 25,10 37,30 16,10 46,60
Palawan 80,43 30,73 64,19 62,60 8,85 28,03
Aborlan 75,68 38,44 81,85 56,38 8,40 35,22
Agutaya 69,43 19,97 48,93 80,28 5,23 14,49
Araceli 90,38 24,16 96,36 74,66 10,46 14,88
Balabac 88,79 82,78 57,15 76,83 4,85 18,31
Bataraza 82,71 23,15 65,44 70,01 9,41 20,50
Brooke's Point 82,07 69,85 76,70 71,70 3,98 24,32
Busuanga 85,61 20,49 82,52 56,20 10,48 18,42
Cagayancillo 81,64 11,75 29,70 68,79 3,67 26,93
Coron 74,89 13,93 52,08 56,96 11,02 32,02
Culion no data no data no data no data no data no data
Cuyo 73,34 29,65 70,89 42,73 14,42 42,86
Dumaran 85,96 15,19 99,34 72,59 8,51 18,86
El Nido 84,60 28,66 65,35 78,08 9,99 13,44
Española 52,84 27,09 74,10 58,49 11,36 30,15
Kalayaan no data no data no data no data no data no data
Linapacan 62,85 9,76 94,85 83,33 1,71 14,94
Magsaysay 79,87 36,02 50,87 48,61 11,40 39,99
Narra 82,75 21,67 57,59 42,31 12,64 45,04
Quezon 93,81 19,52 61,88 61,82 5,85 32,32
Rizal 95,30 0,31 73,98 80,57 7,43 12,00
Roxas 77,78 25,19 72,92 52,10 11,82 36,08
San Vicente 78,67 30,52 50,04 63,32 6,09 30,78
Taytay 80,97 20,40 64,39 72,52 8,08 19,39
PPCity no data no data no data no data no data no data



Annex 2: Land Management Units (BSWD, LREP 1988)
LIMITATION
LMU LMU PHYSIOGRAPHY SOILS SOIL CHEMISTRY HYDROLOGICAL PRESENT LAND
CLASS DESCRIPTION PROPERTY USE
1 Fishpond level, 0-1 percent moderately deep to very deep, fluvio soil ph 3.4 extremely acid, high OM Under water, very poorly Fishpond Tidal flooding,
slope, elevation 0-1 marine deposit,dark gray dark brown, content medium phosphorus; trace drained salinity
m. dark grayish brown, grayish brown, potassium; high base saturation
yellowish brown, nudulain by partly percentages and CEC; high Ca and
decomposed or decomposed plant Mg, low fertility
residues

2 Mangrove/ nipa level to nearly level, moderately deep to very deep, fluvio soil ph 3.4 extremely acid, high OM Under water, very poorly Mangrove/ Nipa Tidal flooding,
0-3 percent slope marine deposit,dark gray dark brown, content medium phosphorus; trace drained salinity
elevation 0-2 meter dark grayish brown, grayish brown, potassium; high base saturation
above sea level yellowish brown, nudulain by partly percentages and CEC; high Ca and
decomposed or decomposed plant Mg, low fertility
residues

3 Beach level to nearly level, poorly develop profile moderately deep soil ph 3.4 extremely acid, high OM Well drained Built up area, Tidal flooding
ridges/swales 0-3 percent slope to deep coarse texture with AC content medium phosphorus; trace coconut
elevation 0-2 meter horizon, gray dark brown grayish potassium; high base saturation
above sea level. brown, dark grayish brown percentages and CEC; high Ca and
Mg, low fertility

6 River level level to nearly level deep, alluvial deposit, dark brown, soil ph 4.0 to 4.6 low Dm content Moderately well drained to Coconut, corn, Seasonal flush flood
0-3 percent slope brown to dark brown, light brownish and available phosporous, medium to somewhat poorly drained, vegetable,
elevation 3-6 meter gray, yellowish brown, silt loam to silty low exchangeable potassium; high moderately slow, peanut and
above sea level clay loam calcium and manganese; low permeability water holding bamboo
inherent fertility. capacity is medium.

7 River terrace level to nearly level, deep alluvial deposit dark brown, soil ph is high, OM, nitrogen and Moderately well drained to Paddy rice Slight seasonal
0-3 percent slope brown, light brownish gray, yellowish available phosporous is somewhat poorly drained, rainfed, coconut, flooding flush flood
elevation 5-8 m. brown and strong brown silty clay loam exchangeable potassium is medium hydraulic conductivity is corn, vegetable
above sea level silty clay loam to clay loam. to low, base saturation percentages moderate and water and kaingin
and cation exchange capacity is high, holding capacity is medium
electrical conductivity is favorable;
inherent fertility is high to moderate



LMU LMU PHYSIOGRAPHY SOILS SOIL CHEMISTRY HYDROLOGICAL PRESENT LAND LIMITATION
9 Broad alluvial level to nearly level, Deep alluvial consist of fluvialtile soil ph 3.9 to 6.7 OM & nitrogen Moderately well drained to Coconut, pri, prn, Seasonal flooding
plain 0-3 percent slope materials sand, silt clay and sometimes content medium to low available poorly drained, water corn, kaingin, nutrient toxicity.
elevation 5-10 m. gravel, dark gray, gray, light gray, phosporous and exchangeable holding capacity medium; vegetble and
above sea level greenish gray, dark grayish brown potassium is to calcium and permeability is moderate. cashew,
grayish brown, sandy clay loam, loam magnesium is high base saturation grassland,
to clay percentage medium to high; cation pasture and build
exchangeable capacity medium and up
general fertility is low and possible
toxicity of micro-nutrient.

10 Inland swamp, Concave, 0-3 percent Deep depression or shallow lake; soil ph 5.0 high to low OM content; Very poorly drained Hydrophetic Severely flooded
tree type slope, elevation 4-8 recent alluvium sand, silt and clay and phosporous high to medium, BSP low trees
m.above sea level decomposed plant residue; bluish gray, CEC high, to medium, K low Ca and
dark gray, light gray to gray and strong Mg low fertility level is low.
brown and yellowish brown.

11 Inland swamp, Concave, 0-3 percent Deep depression or shallow lake; soil ph 5.0 high to low OM content; Very poorly drained Hydrophetic Severely flooded
grassy type slope, elevation 4-8 recent alluvium sand, silt and clay and phosporous high to medium, BSP low grasses
m.above sea level decomposed plant residue; bluish gray, CEC high, to medium, K low Ca and
dark gray, light gray to gray and strong Mg low fertility level is low.
brown and yellowisj brown.

16 Infilled valley Level to nearly level; Collu-alluvium, dark gray to gray, light soil ph 4.1 to 6.8; OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Pri, prn, Slighty flooded low
elevation is from 0- gray to gray, dark grayish brown and content is medium to low, available poorly drained, hydraulic vegetable, fertility and possible
100 m. above sea strong brown mottles; silty clay loam to phosphorous is low, exchangeable conductivity, slow and coconut, cashew toxicity of
level clay. potassium medium, Ca and Mg is water holding capacity is kaingin, grass, micronutrient
high, BSP & CEC to medium salinity medium. shrubs and
is favorable and inherent fertility forest



17 Enclosed valley Level to gently Deep collu-alluvium. Light gray to gray soil ph 4.2 to 4.7 OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Pri, prn, Slighty flooded low
sloping 0-3 percent. grayish brown with strong brown medium to high available poorly drained, hydraulic vegetable, fertility and possible
Elevation 80-100 m. mottles, light clay to clay texture. phosporous low to medium, high conductivity, slow and coconut, cashew toxicity of
above sea level available phosporous low to medium, water holding capacity is kaingin, grass, micronutrient
K is medium to high; Ca & Mg is high, medium. shrubs and
BSP medium CEC is high salinity is forest
favorable and moderate fertility.

18 Collu-alluvial Level to gently Moderately deep to deep collu-alluvial Soil ph 4.7 to 6.6 OM and nitrogen Somewhat poorly drained Pri, prn, upland Toxicity and metalic
plain sloping 0-8 percent light gray to gray grayish brown with content is medium exchangeable K is to poorly drained water rice, coconut, element present of
slope, 90-100 m. strong brown yellowish brown mottles medium to low, Ca & Mg is high, BSP holding capacity is corn, cashew, surface rock.
elevationv comprise of sand, silt and clay with and CEC is high salinity is favorable medium, permeability is grasses, shrubs,
gravel and moderate fertility. moderate. bamboo and
forest

19 Narrow alluvial Level to gently Deep alluvium consist predominantly of Soil ph 4.6 to 5.9 OM nitrogen is Somewhat poorly drained Pri, prn, upland Slight to moderate
plain sloping 0-3 percent sand silt and clay, gravel and coral, medium to low available phosporous to poorly drained; water rice, coconut, flooding possible
slope, 2 to 4 meters shells near the seashore, dark gray to and exchangeable potassium is low holding capacity is low, cashew grasses, toxicity of metallic
above sea level gray, dark grayish brown and light gray Ca and Mg high, CEC & BSP permeability is slow. corn, kaingin, element.
to gray silty clay loam to clay. medium, salinity in favorable low shrub and forest
fertility. nipa and built
areas.

20 Broad alluvial Level to gently Colu-alluvium compose of fine Soil ph 4.2 to 5.6 OM nitrogen Somewhat poorly drained Pri, prn, upland Slight to moderate
valley sloping, 0-3 percent sediment with few gravel, stone and content is medium to low available to poorly drained hydraulic rice, coconut, seasonal flooding
slope, 3-10 meters boulders deposited on valley floor by phosporous is low exchangeable conductivity to moderate cashew, possible toxicity of
above sea level water, gray, dark gray to gray, light potassium is medium to low Ca & Mg and water holding is grasses, corn, metallic element.
gray to gray, dark grayish brown to is high, CEC & BSP medium, salinity medium. vegetable,
greenish gray, sandy clay loam to clay is favorable low fertility. kaingin and built
under low or fine and coarse material. areas.



21 Alluvial terrace Nearly level to gently Collu alluvium compose of fine Soil ph 5.0 to 5.4 OM and nitrogen Somewhat poorly drained Pri, prn, upland None to slight
sloping 0-8 percent sediment sandy clay with occasional content, available is high to poorly drained, rice, coconut, erosion, present of
slope 50 to 10 m. gravel, stone and boulders deposited exchangeable potassium is medium hydraulic conductivity is cashew, stone and possible
above sea level through the current of water and to low, Ca & Mg is high, BSP, CEC is moderately slow and water grasses, corn, toxicity of metallic
gravity. medium , salinity is favorable, low holding capacity is vegetable, element.
fertility level. medium. kaingin and built
areas.

22 Residual terrace Level to gently Derived from sedimentary, volcanic, Soil ph 5.0 to 5.4; OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Prn, corn, Slight erosion.
sloping 0-3 percent metamorphic and ultrabasic rock or content is medium, available somewhat poorly drained, peanut,
slope 5 to 10 m. from the weathering of unconsolidated phosporous is high exchangeable hydraulic conductivity is vegetable,
elevation complex rock, sandy clay loam to clay, potassium is low Ca and Mg is high moderately slow and cashew,
dark brown with strong brown and CEC is medium and BSP is high water holding capacity is coconut, fruit
yellowish brown mottlers undrlain by salinity is favorable, general fertility is medium. trees, grasses,
fine and coarse material. low. shrubs,
bamboo, forest
and kaingin.

23 Residual terrace Gently sloping to Derived from sedimentary, volcanic, Soil 4.0 to 5.9, OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Prn, corn, None to slight
undulating slope 3 to metamorphic and ultrabasic rock or content is medium, available somewhat to poorly peanut, erosion
8 percent, elevation from the weathering of unconsolidated phodporous is low exchangeably drained, water holding vegetable,
is to 40m. complex rock, sandy clay loam to clay, potassium is medium, Ca & Mg is capacity is medium cashew,
dark brown with strong brown and high, CEC to BSP percentage is hydraulic conductivity is coconut, fruit
yellowish brown mottlers undrlain by medium; salinity is favorable natural moderate low. trees, grasses,
fine and coarse material. fertility is low. shrubs,
bamboo, forest
and kaingin.

24 Residual terrace Undulating rolling 8 Shallow to moderately deep sandy clay Soil ph 4.2 to 6.9, OM and nitrogen Well drained to moderately Cassava, Slight to moderate
to 18 percent slope; loam to clay derived from content is medium available well drained, hydraulic cashew, kaingin, erosion
elevation 20 to 60 m. unconsolidated complex rock, grayish phosporous is low exchangeable K, conductivity moderate and shrubs, grasses,
brown to dark grayish brown, brown to Ca, Mg, CEC and BSP are high slow water holding and forest.
dark brown, strong brown, yellowish salinity is favorable general fertility is capacity is medium.
brown and yellowish red. moderate.



36 Limestone plain Nearly level to gently Shallow to moderately deep light clay Soil ph 5.4 to 6.1 OM and nitrogen Somewhat poorly drained; Upland rice, Low fertility
sloping, 0-8 percent to heavy clay derived from weather content is medium to high, water holding capacity is corn, cashew,
slope elevation less limestone, dark grayish brown to exchangeable potassium and high, hydraulic conductivity coconut, grass
than 500 m. grayish brown, brown to dark brown, available phosphorous is low, Ca & is low. pasture,
dark reddish. Mg high, CEC and BSP medium, bamboo, forest
salinity is favorable fertility level is and shrubs.
low.

45 Undissected Nearly level to gently Shallow to moderately deep derived Soils ph 4.7 to 5.0; OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Cashew, fruit Slight erosion low
plateau sloping 1-9, 100 to from metamorphic rock (slate, content is medium, available well drained, permeably is trees, bamboo, fertility
200 m. elevation quartzite) A horizon grayish brown phosphorous and exchangeable moderately slow, water shrubs, grasses
sandy clay loam . B horizon, brown to potassium is medium to low Ca & holding capacity is low and forest
dark brown and grayish brown, sandy Mg low; salinity is favorable general
clay loam underlain by fine and coarse fertility is low
material of a metamorphic rock.

46 Dissected Nearly level to gently Shallow to moderately deep, derived Soil ph 4.5 to 4.8; OM and nitrogen Well drained to moderately Cashew, fruit Slight erosion low
plateau sloping 1-8 percent from unconsolidated metamorphic rock content is moderate to low, available well drained; permeability trees, bamboo, fertility
slope elevation 100 meta volcanic and meta sedimentary phosphorous and exchangeable is moderately slow, water shrubs, grasses
to 200 meters. rock, dark brown, dark grayish brown potassium low, Ca & Mg is low CEC I holding capacity is low. and forest
to dark brown sandy clay loam to clay is low to medium, BSP is low, salinity
loam. B horizon, brown to dark brown is favorable, material fertility is low.
to yellowish brown.

52 Volcanic Gently sloping to Shallow to very shallow gravely clay Soil ph 4.5 to 4.8; OM and nitrogen Well drained to moderately Cashew, fruit Slight erosion low
complex undulating volcanic loam derived from ultrabasic rock content is moderate to low, available well drained; permeability trees, bamboo, fertility shallowness
complex plateau 8-18 (diorite peroditite) meta volcanic, phosphorous and exchangeable is moderately slow, water shrubs, grasses
percent slope. 100 to sedimentation rock and metamorphic potassium low, Ca & Mg is low CEC I holding capacity is low. and forest
200 m. elevation dark grayish brown, brown to dark is low to medium, potassium low, Ca
brown mottled by strong brown, & Mg is low CEC I is low to medium,
yellowish brown.

64 Limestone hill, Gently sloping to Moderately shallow, gray, grayish Soil ph 7.1 to 7.3, OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Coconut, Moderate shallow
low relief undulating limestone brown and dark grayish brown clay, content is medium available, Ca & somewhat poorly drained, cashew, kaingin, slight erosion
hill 8 to 18 percent underlain by consolidated limestone Mg is high CEC is high. Salinity is water holding capacity is pasture, grass,
slope, elevation less rock. favorable, general fertility is high shrubs and
than 500 m. moderate. forest



65 Limestone hill, Rolling to moderate Moderately shallow to shallow, gray to Soil ph 4.9 to 7.3; OM and nitrogen Moderately well drained to Shrub, forest, Shallow soil rock
high relief by steep slope 30 to dark grayish brown clay B Horizon content is medium to high, available somewhat poorly drained, kaingin, pasture outcrap in some
50 percent elevation yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, content medium to high, available, water holding capacity is upland rice and areas, slight to
less than 500 meters. light gray to gray, underlain by phosphorous low, exchangeable medium corn moderate erosion
consolidated limestone rock. potassium is high to low; Ca , Mg, &
Moderately well drained to somewhat BSP high salinity is favorable,
poorly designed. general fertlity is moderate to high.

69 Shale/sandston Undulating to rolling Moderately shallow, dark grayish Soil ph 5.8 to 6.1 OM, nitrogen Moderately well drained to Forest, shrub, Shallow, slight to
e hills, low relief 18 to 30 percent brown, grayish brown, clay, loam to content is medium to low available somewhat poorly drained, pasture, kaingin, moderate erosio,n
slope; elevation is clay. B horizon, light gray to gray, light phosphorous to medium, water holding capacity is coconut, corn, fertility level is low
less than 500 m. brownish gray to light yellowish brown, exchangeable potassium is low, Ca, medium and hydraulic and upland rice
silty clay loam to clay underlain by Mg, medium to high CEC, BSP is conductivity is moderate.
consolidated shale And sandstone high, salinity is favorable, general
materials. fertility level is low.

70 Shale/sandston Rolling to moderate Developed from shale/sandstone Soils ph is 4.5 to 5.0 OM; nitrogen Well drained, hydraulic Forest, shrub, Shallow soil,
e hill, high relief by steep slope 30 to materials dark grayish brown, grayish content is medium to low available conductivity rapid, water pasture, kaingin, moderate to severe
50 percent elevation brown, brown to dark brown, clay loam phosphorous to exchangeabl e holding capacity is coconut, corn, erosion, low fertility
less than 500 meters. to clay potassium medium to high, Ca, Mg, medium. and upland rice
BSP, CEC high salinity is favorable,
low fertility.

80 Unconsolidated Undulating to rolling Shallow soils, dark gray to gray, dark Soil ph 4.5 to 5.0; OM nitrogen Well drained soil, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
complex 18 to 30 percent grayish brown, grayish brown, brown to content is medium, exchangeable holding capacity is low grassland, fertility slope and
sedimentary hill, slope, elevation, 100 dark brown, sandy clay loam to clay. B potassium is low, BSP is high, pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
low and high to 200 m. horizon brown to dark brown, dark salinityis favorable material fertility coconut and
relief yellowish brown and strong brown level is low. upland rice.
sandy clay loam to clay underlain by
mixture of fine and coarse material of
unconsolidated sedimentation rock.



83 Basaltic hill low Undulating to rolling Shallow soils, dark brown, sandy clay Soils ph 4.9 – 5.2, OM nitrogen Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
relief 18 to 30 percent loam to clay, underlain by rock content is medium available holding capacity is grassland, fertility slope and
slope; elevation is fragment, stone and boulders. phosporous is medium potassium, medium pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
less than 200 m. Ca, Mg, is high, CEC high, BSP coconut and
medium salinity is favorable, general upland rice.
fertility level is moderate.

84 Basaltic hill high Rolling to undulating Shallow soils, dark brown, sandy clay Soils ph 6.0 to 6.2, OM nitrogen Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
relief steep slope, 30 –50 loam to clay, underlain by rock content is medium, phosphorous is holding capacity is medium grassland, fertility slope and
percent slope, fragment, stone and boulders. low, potassium, Ca, Mg is high, BSP, pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
elevation less than CEC is also high, fertility is moderate. coconut and
200m. upland rice.

89 Ultrabasic hill Undulating to rolling Shallow soils, dark grayish brown, dark Soils ph 4.4 to 6.0, CEC is high.M Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
low relief 18 to 30 percent brown, grayish brown and dark nitrogen content is medium, holding capacity is medium grassland, fertility slope and
slope elevation less reddish brown clay loam to clay phosphorous, potassium is low, Ca, pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
than 500 m. underlain by rock fragment stone and Mg is high, BSP & coconut and
boulder. upland rice.

90 Ultrabasic hill Rolling to moderately Shallow soils, dark brown, brown to Soil ph 4.7 to 6.0 OM, nitrogen Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
high relief steep slope, 30 to 50 dark brown, dark yellowish brown content is medium, phosphorous holding capacity is grassland, fertility slope and
percent slope, reddish brown, strong clay, medium by potassium is low, Ca, Mg, and CEC medium pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
elevation less than rock fragment stone and boulder. is high, BSP is medium. Salinity is coconut and
500 m. favorable generalfertility level is low. upland rice.

104 Metamorphic hill Undulating to steep Shallow soils, dark grayish dark brown Soil ph 4.1 to 4.9, OM nitrogen Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
high relief slope 8 to 50 percent very dark brown, brown to dark brown content is medium to low holding capacity is medium grassland, fertility slope and
slope, elevation is sandy clay loam to clay loam underlain phosphorous medium to low, pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
less than 100 m. by rock fragment. potassium, Ca, Mg, is medium CEC coconut and
is low, BSP medium, fertility level is upland rice.
low.



105 Metamorphic hill Steep to very steep Shallow soils, dark grayish dark brown Soil ph 4.1 to 4.9, OM nitrogen Well drained soils, water Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
high relief slope 30 to 50 very dark brown, brown to dark brown content is medium to low holding capacity is medium grassland, fertility slope and
elevation less than sandy clay loam to clay loam underlain phosphorous medium to low, medium CEC is low, BSP pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
200 m. by rock fragment. potassium, Ca, Mg medium, fertility level is coconut and
low. upland rice.

110 Metavolcanic hill Undulating to rolling Shallow soils, dark grayish dark brown Soil ph 4.9, OM nitrogen content is Well drained, water holding Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
low relief 18 to 30 percent very dark brown, brown to dark brown medium, phosphorous, low capacity is low grassland, fertility slope and
slope elevation less sandy clay loam to clay loam underlain potassium, Ca, Mg, low CEC, low pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
than 200 m. by rock fragment. BSP is high, fertility is low. coconut and
upland rice.

111 Metavolcanic hill Undulating to rolling Shallow soils, dark grayish dark brown Soil ph 4.9 to 5.0; OM nitrogen Well drained, water holding Forest, shrubs, Shallow soils low
high relief 18 to 30 percent very dark brown, brown to dark brown content is medium, potassium. Ca capacity is low grassland, fertility slope and
slope elevation less sandy clay loam to clay loam underlain high CEC low, BSP high. pasture, cashew, erosion is moderate.
than 200 m. by rock fragment. coconut and
upland rice.

118 Karstic Moderately steep to Metamorphic limestone, marbolize very Soil ph 5.4 to 6.1 Shrubs and Very shallow soil
limestone very steep slope 30 shallow or their A horizon, underlain by forest. steep ,moderate to
mountain rocky to 50 percent marbolize limestone. severe erosion highly
elevation less than suitable for wildly
500 sanctuary

131 Metamorphic Moderately steep to Developed from schist state, chest, feldspar, near schist marble none Shrubs and Very shallow soil
mountain very steep slope 30 forest steep ,moderate to
to 50 percent severe erosion highly
500 sanctuary

132 Ultrabasic Moderately steep to Derived from peridotite and pyroxenite Soil ph 4.0 to 6.0 none Shrubs and Very shallow soil
mountain very steep slope 30 forest steep ,moderate to
to 50 percent severe erosion highly
500 sanctuary



136 Low meta Moderately steep to Derived from meta andesite and low none none Shrubs and Very shallow soil
volcanic very steep slope, grade volcanic spilitic and basic flow forest steep ,moderate to
mountain elevation is from 500 severe erosion highly
to 1000 m. suitable for wildly
sanctuary

169 Beach sand Level to nearly level, Farm by the action of wave fluvio Soil ph 3.5 extremely and OM high, none Coconut, Tidal flooding,
narrow strip along the marine deposit, bluish gray dark phosphorous medium low fertility. grasses, salinity and low
shoreline consist brown, dark grayish brown. bakawan and fertility, coarse
mainly of sand, silt, nipa texture.
gravel and stone.

170 Riverwash Level to nearly level, Consist of sand, gravel, stone and none none
0-3 percent slope boulders

172 Plateau none
scarpment

174 Lakes none

178 Quarry none

182 Saltbed none



Annex 3: Sustainability Anaysis, using the Municipality of Espanola as Sample

Map 1: Existing general land use

Map 2: Existing Land Use Irrigated Rice

Map 3: Land Management Units

Map 4: Suitability for Irrigated and Irrigable Rice

Map 5: Sustainability for Irrigated and Irrigable Rice


Resources Analysis - Province of Palawan, Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies on the Environment

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Resources Analysis - Province of Palawan, Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies on the Environment

Similar to Resources Analysis - Province of Palawan, Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies on the Environment (20)

More from No to mining in Palawan

More from No to mining in Palawan (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (15)

Resources Analysis - Province of Palawan, Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies on the Environment