The document discusses the packaging of glass and porcelain products. It defines glass as an inorganic, typically brittle and transparent solid formed by cooling molten materials without crystallizing. Porcelain is defined as a hard, white ceramic made from fired clay. The manufacturing processes for glass and porcelain are described involving weighing, mixing, and firing raw materials like sand, soda ash, limestone for glass and clay, feldspar, silica for porcelain. Common types of glass and their applications in industries are provided. The properties, packaging materials, and label information for glass and porcelain products are summarized along with case studies of packaging different glass items.

2. Group No. 8
•Naveen Varghese
•Sagar More
•Saktivel Nadar
•Varsha Jagdale
•Vinod Tavanoji
PACKAGING OF
GLASS & PORCELAIN
PRODUCTS

3. INTRODUCTION
 SCOPE:
GLASS PRODUCTS
PORCELAIN PRODUCTS
 OBJECTIVE:
MANUFACTURING
PACKAGING MATERIALS USED FOR GLASS &
PORCELAIN
LABEL INFORMATION

4. CONTENTS
 DEFINITION
 RAW MATERIALS USED
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
 PROPERTIES
 PACKAGING & TESTING
 PRODUCTS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS

5. GLASS:
 An INORGANIC PRODUCT of fusion
 Cooled through its GLASS TRANSITION
 Without crystallizing
 An amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material
 Typically brittle
 Optically transparent
DEFINITION

6. DEFINITION
PORCELAIN:
 A hard, white, translucent ceramic
 Made by firing a pure CLAY
 Glazed with variously colored fusible materials

7. GLASS

8. RAW MATERIAL
 SAND – MAIN INGREDIENT
 SODA ASH – FLUXING AGENT
 LIME STONE – STABILIZERS
 ALUMINA, MAGNESIUM & POTASH

9. MANUFACTURING OF GLASS
 Weighing & Mixing
 Glass Melting
 Container Forming
 Container Conditioning
 Surface Treatment
 Automatic Inspection
 Product Handling &
Packaging

10. MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

11. TYPES OF GLASS
 USP TYPE I BOROSILICATE GLASS
 USP TYPE II DE-ALKALIZED SODA-LIME GLASS
 USP TYPE III SODA-LIME GLASS
 USP TYPE NP SODA-LIME GLASS

12. TYPES OF GLASS
 USP Type I Borosilicate glass
- Neutral glass
- Least reactive glass

13. TYPES OF GLASS
 USP Type II:
De-alkalized Soda-lime glass
○Sodium hydroxide & calcium oxide
○Alkali resistant

14. TYPES OF GLASS
 USP Type III:
SODA LIME GLASS
- Liquid formulations
- Dry Powders

15. TYPES OF GLASS
 USP Type NP:
SODA LIME GLASS
- Capsules & tablets
- Lab Apparatus

16. COLOUR OF GLASS
Carbon & Sulphur or Iron & Manganese dioxide
Cadmium & Sulphur Compounds
Cobalt or Cupric Oxide
Iron, manganese, chromium oxides
Fluorides & Phosphates
Manganese
Cuprous or Cupric Oxide
Iron Oxide
Chromic Oxide
 Amber
 Yellow
 Blue
 Green
 Opal
 Violet
 Red
 Black
 Yellow Green

17. APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
 Chemical & Pharmaceuticals
 Food & Beverages
 Decorative Articles
 Laboratory apparatus
 Windows & Furniture
 Optical
 Cosmetics
 Perfumery

18. PORCELAIN

19. RAW MATERIALS
 CLAY – MAIN INGREDIENT
 FELDSPAR OR FLINT
 SILICA
 COMPOUNDS OF
AL ,OXYGEN & SOAP STONE

20. MANUFACTURING OF PORCELAIN
 CRUSHING THE RAW
MATERIALS
 CLEANING AND MIXING
 FORMING THE BODY
 BISQUE-FIRING
 GLAZING
 FIRING
 FORMED PRODUCT

21. APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
 ARCHITECTURAL
 DECORATIVE ARTICLE
 ELECTRICAL ACCESSORY
 MEDICAL
 CHEMICAL
 HOUSEHOLD
 BATHROOM FIXTURES

22. PROPERTIES

23. PROPERTIES OF GLASS
 Transparent
 Chemically inert - Compatible with majority of
pharmaceutical formulations, food products, cosmetics
 Non-permeable to gas, moisture and odour
 Moldable - Any shape, size as desired
 Can be sterilized
 100 % recyclable (environment friendly)
 No need of protective coating inside
 Do not deteriorate, stain, fade or corrode
 Ideal for high speed filling /capping / labeling machines
 Brittle/ Fragile
 Heavy

24. PROPERTIES OF PORCELAIN
 Opaque
 Chemically inert
 Moldable - Any shape, size as desired
 Can withstand High Temperature
 Refractory
 Tough & Durable
 Stain & Water Resistant
 Scratch resistant
 Non Conductor of Electricity
 Brittle/ Fragile

25. PACKAGING

26. PACKAGING
 Packaging Materials
CFB box
Paper Board Cartons
Thermoformed Plastics
Wooden Crates
Plastic Crates
 Accessory Materials
Cushioning
Fillers
Wraps
Straps

27. CFB BOXES
 Available in Various Sizes
 Light weight
 With or without partitions
 Good Printability
 Good stacking properties
 Various flute types

28. QUALITY ASPECTS
 Box compression strength
 Edge crush test
 Cobb test
 Bursting strength
 Grammage
 Burst factor
 Moisture content
 Type of flute

29. PAPER BOARD CARTONS
 Good aesthetics
 Printability
 Light in weight
 Ease of packing, storing, distributing and shelving

30. QUALITY ASPECTS
 Box compression Strength
 Taber Stiffness
 Cobb Test
 Bursting strength
 Grammage
 Burst Factor
 Moisture Content

31. THERMOFORMED TRAYS
 Easy Modification
 Low Initial Project Costs
 Short Production Time
 Short Tooling Lead Time

32. WOODEN CRATES
 Transport large & heavy items
 Easy to produce and acquire
 Anti theft proof
 Good stacking properties

33. Plastic Crates
 Smooth surface
 Easily cleaning
 Does not rot when kept on soil
 Odourless
 Hygienic
 Light weight
 Reusable
 Recyclable
 Environment friendly

34. CUSHIONING
 Absorb kinetic energy during sudden impact or drop
Different Cushioning materials
 Bubble films
 Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
 Expanded Polyethylene (EPE)
 Expanded Polyurethane (EPU)

35. LABELING

36. LABELS
THIS SIDE UP
FRAGILE
DO NOT STACK

37. LABELS
HANDLE WITH CARE
KEEP DRY

38. CASE STUDY

39. GLASS PANEL

40. GLASS PANEL
Properties:
 Strongest on edges
 Sharp corners
 Large surface
Considerations:
 Packed upright on longest edge
 Wooden crates to be used
 Minimum 3” foam to be used
 Rigid material at bottom edge
 To be labeled as fragile

41. GLASS PANEL

42. BATHROOM FIXTURES

43. BATHROOM FIXTURES
Properties
 Heavy
 High impact strength
 Irregular shape
 Protruded ends
Consideration
 Voids to be filled
 Strap properly
 Bottom of box to be tapped properly

44. FLOWER VASE

45. FLOWER VASE
Properties:
 Fragile
 Irregular shape
 Handles (weakest part)
 Costly
Consideration:
 Fillers to be used
 Bubble wrapped
 Cushioned properly

46. GLASS BOTTLES

49. YOU THINKTHANK YOU

50. Definition
 Clay-A fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when
wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated
silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles,
and pottery.
 Flux-A continued flow
 Feldspar -Any of a group of aluminosilicate minerals that also
contains calcium, sodium, or potassium. Feldspars are the
most common minerals in the Earth's crust and are the major
component in nearly all igneous rocks

51.  Stabilizer- is a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture
or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state.
 Anti theft proof: Due to the manufacturing process of nailing
the boards together, opening the crates are sometimes harder
which decreases the risk of unauthorized access to the goods

52.  Disadvantages using wooden crates:
 1. Low strength/weight ratio: Depending on the wood used, wooden crates have a lower
material strength than plywood. This is partly due to the manufacturing process of
plywood where the fibres are put in different directions to increase strength.
 2. More material needed: To get the same strength as other materials such as plywood,
plastic or metal, more volume is needed. The increase in packaging volume may increase
transportation cost.
 3. Low material flexibility: Non-engineered wood generally has a lower material flexibility
than for example plywood. This may result in damages from excessive pressure. With
more flexible materials, pressure on the material can be spotted and decreased before
damages occur.
 4. Can seldom be reused: After opening most wooden crates, the solid wood material
often has to be disposed of. This increases environmental impact and, if boards are not
used for other purposes, requires resources for material disposal