Stoneware is a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic made from stoneware clay or fire clay. It is fired at high temperatures between 1200-1300°C and cooled slowly, making it nonporous and hard. Common uses include art pottery, plates, bowls, and jugs. There are different types of stoneware including traditional, fine, chemical, and thermal shock resistant stoneware used for various applications. Stoneware is known for its stone-like characteristics including a hard, dense surface that can be colored grey, brown, or off-white.

1. STONEWARE
PRESENTATION BY
KIRTHIGA.E
ABINAYA.P
SANDHYA.P
MOHANA PRIYA.S
SUBHASHREE.

2. STONEWARE
• Stoneware is a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic made primarily
from stoneware clay or non-refractory fire clay.
• Stoneware is fired at high temperatures and cooled down slowly
• It is nonporous and so does not need a glaze
Definition:
The term stoneware is used to indicate the
wares or articles prepared from refractory
clay which are mixed with stone and crushed
pottery .

3. • Matures between 1200-1300 ̊ C
(2192-2372 ̊ F). High fired!
• Hard, dense clay body which has a water
absorption rate of 3% or less when fully fired
• It is usually coloured grey or brownish because of
impurities in the clay used for its manufacture,
and is normally glazed.“
• Colors can be off-white, tan, grey and/or brown
• Often used for “art pottery”: jugs, mugs, plates,
bowls, etc.

4. • The key raw material in stoneware is either
naturally occurring stoneware clay or non-
refractory fire clay.
• The mineral kaolinite is present but
disordered, and although mica and quartz are
present their particle size is very small.
• Stoneware clay is often accompanied by
impurities such as iron or carbon, giving it a
"dirty" look, and its plasticity can vary widely.
• Non-refractory fire clay may be another key
raw material.

5. • Fire clays are generally considered refractory,
because they withstand very high
temperatures before melting or crumbling.
• Refractory fire clays have a high concentration
of the mineral kaolinite, with lesser amounts
of mica and quartz.
• Non-refractory fire clays, however, have larger
amounts of mica and feldspar.

6. • STONEWARE clays are abundant in nature,
although less plentiful than terra cotta
deposits.
• Usually stoneware clays are
blended
• Stoneware clays are similar
to fire clays, but more
plastic and less refractory.
• Sound- clear ringing sound when struck each
other

7. • Stoneware clays have an absorption factor of
about 2 to 5 percent, and are usually fired to
temperatures ranging from 2100 degrees to
2372 degrees F (cone 3-cone 11*).
• As one might guess, stoneware clays are so
named because the fired wares exhibit stone-
like characteristics:
• a hard,
• dense surface with often variegated color.

8. • Stoneware usually bonds well with its glazes, and
should be completely leak-proof after firing to
maturity.
• It is tough and forgiving during throwing and
firing stages, and is often used for industrial
ceramics.
• Fired stoneware can yield pleasing colors ranging
from buff or light gray to brown or dark gray.
• Because of its hard, tight qualities, this clay is an
excellent choice for functional applications,
especially dinnerware.
• The higher the maturing temperature of the
stoneware, the more durable the product.

9. GOOD BODY CHARACTERISTICS:
• Good plasticity for forming method but with enough
tooth to make large shapes w/o slumping.
• Body open enough to dry w/o undue warping or
cracking.
• Shrinkage controlled in drying and firing: no tendency
to cracking.
• Does not warp or slump much in firing to maturity
• Desired degree of vitrification
• Color desired
• Freedom from alkalies (soluble salts) that cause
scumming.

10. TYPES OF STONE WARE
• Traditional stoneware
• Fine stoneware
• Chemical stoneware
• Thermal shock resistant stoneware
• Electrical stoneware

11. Traditional stoneware
• a dense and inexpensive
body.
• It is opaque, can be of any
colour and breaks with a
conchoidal or stony fracture.
• Traditionally made of fine-
grained secondary, plastic clays
which can used to shape very
large pieces.

12. • FINE STONEWARE –
• made from more carefully selected,
prepared, and blended raw materials.
• It is used to produce tableware and art ware.
• CHEMICAL STONEWARE –
• used in the chemical industry, and when
resistance to chemical attack is needed.
• Purer raw materials are used than for
other stoneware bodies.
• Ali Baba is a popular name for a large
chemical stoneware jars of up to 5,000 litres
capacity used to store acids.

13. • THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANT STONEWARE –
has additions of certain
materials to enhance the
thermal shock resistance of the
fired body.
• ELECTRICAL STONEWARE –
historically used for electrical
insulators,
although it has been replaced by electrical
porcelain.

14. STONEWARE IN ARCHITECTURE

15. • Formulations for stoneware vary considerably,
although the vast majority will conform to:
• plastic fire clays, 0 to 100 percent;
• ball clays, 0 to 15 percent;
• quartz, 0 to 30 percent;
• feldspar and chamotte, 0 to 15 percent.