This presentation is all about plastics and its types. It includes polythene,polyesters,polystyrene,and other forms of plastics.Various examples are also shown for proper explanation.

1. PLASTICS
PRESENTED BY -
SANGAM

2. TYPES OF PLASTIC
 There are 2 types of plastic that is:
a) Thermoplastics
- A polymer that softens and melts gradually
when heated and it can be reshaped when
still warm.
b) Thermosets
- A polymer that can’t be reshaped after
manufacture

3. Thermoplastics
 Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene
& Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) most common
thermoplastics
 Any object made from thermoplastic can be
remolded into a new shape.
 Thermoplastics creep considerably more than
thermosets, particularly at higher temperature
 Can be used for light structural properties

4. Polystyrene
 Has specific gravity of 1.05
 It tensile strength is low, less than 48.5 MPa
 Modulus of Elasticity is low
 Has good water resistance and dimensional
stability and inexpensive (cheap)
 But it possesses poor heat resistance, limited
weather resistance.
 It is brittle and lacks toughness
RECYCLING:
Recycled PS can be used in products including
office accessories, video cassettes and cases.

5.  Pure polystyrene that is crystal clear used
for storage container and cups.
 Polystyrene and expanded polystyrene used
in tiles, packaging, containers, foams and
housewares.
 Foamed polystyrene used in poured-in-
place concrete wall systems & as insulation
boards for foundation walls, masonry and
wood walls and roofing.

6. EXAMPLES OF
POLYSTYRENE

7. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 Specific gravity about 1.39
 It’s made from monomer, vinyl chloride
 Tensile strength low nearly like polystyrene
 It’s an excellent insulator
 Used in raincoats and shower curtains
 Extensively used in floor tiles, electric
cables, flexible sheeting, hoses, pipes,
expansion joint filler, ,moldings, luggage,
decorative wall coverings,

8. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
EXAMPLES

9. Polyethylene
 Specific gravity of 0.92
 Tensile strength very low, less than 13.8Mpa
 Modulus of Elasticity is very low
 It’s tough, weather-resisting plastic &
durable
 Has excellent electrical properties
 Has favorable chemical resistance

10.  It’s common application is as polyethylene
bags
 Polyethylene used in manufacture of films,
sheets, piping, tanks, foams, electrical
conduit and moldings.
 Polyethylene films & sheets used as
damp-proof courses, membranes & curing
membranes

11. EXAMPLES:
RECYCLING:
Recycled vinyl can become playground equipment, film and air
bubble cushioning

12. PET
Polyethylene Terephthalate
• A clear, tough, polymer with exceptional gas
and moisture barrier properties.
• PET’s ability to contain carbon dioxide
(carbonation) make it a good choice in soft
drink bottles.
RECYCLING:
• Recycled PET can be used in producing
bakery trays, carpets, clothing and textiles

13. HDPE
High Density Polyethylene
• Used in milk, juice and water containers in
order to take advantage of its protective
barrier properties
• Its chemical resistance properties make it a
good choice as container for household
chemicals and detergents.
Recycling:
Recycled HDPE can become bottles for
laundry products, recycling bins, agricultural
pipe, bags, motor oil bottles, decking and
pilings

14. LDPE
Low density polyethylene
• Makes bottles that requires flexibility
• Produces grocery bags and garbage bags,
shrink and stretch film and the coating for milk
cartons
RECYCLING:
Recycled LDPE can be used to
manufacture bags, shrink film
and compost bins

15. Polypropylene
 Has low specific gravity like polyethylene
 Low modulus of elasticity
 lightest material of all thermoplastics
 Has a higher softening point and shinier
 Good heat resistance but degrades under
exposure to sunlight
 Has good abrasion resistance and hardness
 Used for pipes, sheets, geomembranes
RECYCLING:
Recycled PP can be used in automobile parts, carpets, battery
casings, textiles, industrial fibers and films used for packaging
products such as candy.

16. Examples of polypropylene

17. Acrylics
 Crystal clear in natural form
 has good weather resistance and ease of
forming
 Tensile strength higher than other
thermoplastic material
 Used in light fittings, skylights, screen
doors, paints and adhesives

18. Examples of Acrylics

19. Thermosets
 Most popular thermosets are unsaturated
polyester, epoxides, phenol-formaldehyde
and polyurethane.
 Polyester used in manufacture of fiberglass
product and composite materials
 Phenol-formaldehyde used in lavatory seats,
electrical fittings and equipment decorative
laminates.

20. EXAMPLES OF
THERMOSETS

21. Advantages Of Plastic
 It has high damping capacity ( ability to
absorb part of the vibrational energy) that
makes it suitable in application where
vibration is encountered.
 Excellent water resistant.
- It have low water-absorption properties
making suitable as impervious membrane
layers that could prevent movement of
water. Application in foundation, water
supply installation, for concrete curing

22.  Thermal insulation of plastic is higher than
other material.
- used extensively as wall & ceiling insulation in both
cast-in-place (as foamed insulation) and precast
constructions (as rigid insulation)
 Plastics can be molded to any shape and pattern.
 Plastic products come in variety of colors & textures.
- Manufactured plastics have good surface finish and
may not require maintenance.
- It’s availability in many color & texture makes it
commonly used for floor, wall tiles & countertops.
 Plastics can be manufactured with consistent quality.

23.  Plastics can be manufactured with consistent
quality.
 It’s lower prices have contributed to the
universal application of plastic. Low cost
 Plastics have a favorable strength / weight
ratio. It has low density (less than half of the
concrete and 1/7 steel)
 Since plastic is light, it present ease in
handling, transportation, storage and assembly.
 Most plastics are generally maintenance free
and have good corrosion resistance

24. Disadvantages Of Plastic
 It has low stiffness and strength which make
it can be used for load bearing construction
- It is subject to creep, that is the increase in
deformation, under load, with time
- Rate of creep of plastic higher than concrete
- Creep deformation increases with stress level
- Therefore, plastics become dimensionally
unstable under load.

25.  Plastics are combustible/flammable material.
 Plastics emits toxic gases such as carbon
monoxide during burning.
 Plastics may emit dense smoke, thereby
making escape more difficult.
- Shouldn’t be used in exits areas of building
such as around stairways and corridors
 Expensive and subject to uncertainties arising
for the oil price fluctuations.
 Acoustical insulation of plastic is poor.

26. Modified Plastic
 Addition substances can be added to the
plastic during manufacturing process to
improve the properties of the plastic.
 Plasticizers to soften the plastic & make it
easier for shaping.
 Antioxidants prevent degradation by light
and heat.
 Colorants give color to plastic
 Fibers to improve strength of thermoplastic &
thermosets

27. Fiber Reinforced Plastic
 For application requiring very high tensile strength
 Fibers added not only increase stiffness & strength
but also reduce shrinkage, improve abrasion
resistance & provide dimensional stability to plastic
resin.
 This is a light weight, high strength & corrosion
resistance material.
 In civil engineering application for pedestrian
bridges, bridge repair and as prestressing tendons.