Overview of Furniture Industries, Infractures of furniture industries, tools used in furniture industry, machineries used in furniture industries.

1. Overview of Furniture Industry
Presentation Prepared By,
Shamanth SH

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Furniture and Furnishings Overview
 Overview : The Global Furniture and Furnishings market comprises of
contemporary-style furniture in wood and metal; and furniture for
bathrooms, bed-rooms, dining-rooms, kitchen, living-rooms, offices,
lounge and outdoors. It also includes home furnishing such as floor
coverings, home textiles, cushions and covers, lighting and lamps, wall
coverings, cabinets and counters.
 Trends : Furniture and Furnishings and various other industries, such as
Real Estate and Hospitality, are inter-dependent. Thus, a boom in any of
these industries would in turn accelerate the growth of the Furniture and
Furnishing industry. Economic factors such as national economy and
disposable income of end- customers also contribute in the growth of
industries such as Furniture and Furnishing. With the advent of brand
awareness among end-consumers, players in the Furniture and
Furnishing industry are resorting to brand building and brand
enhancement activities that enable them to gain a competitive edge over
other players.

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Value Chain for Furniture Industry
 Some of the raw materials used for building furniture include wood, metal,
and plastics. Manufacturers use these raw materials to build furniture and
deliver them to distributors, who in turn sell them to end-customers.
RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURERS
DISTRYBUTORS
END CUSTOMERS

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Infrastructure of Furniture Industry
 LAND : The company operates like manufacturing facility may requires
minimum of 2 acres of industrial land.
 PEOPLE STRENGTH : Executive Directors, Senior Managers, Design
team, Operations team, Sales team, Finance & admin, Metal factory
workers, Wood factory workers, Installation team.
 MACHINERY : Bench saw, Cnc pipebending, Compressor, Cutting
machine, Diesel generator, Lathe, Manual edgebanding, Manual edge
trimming, MIG welding, Multiple drilling, Pillar drill, Postforming, Power
hacksaw, Router, Slot mortise, Spindle molder, Thicknesser planer,
Throughfeed edgebanding, TIG welding
 Main clients for Furniture Industries are as follows,
 Schools, Institutions, Shopfit (Puma, Nike, Megamart), Lifestyle (Mantri Developers)

5. Design Engineer Role & Responsibilities
For designing of ‘Shopfit’ Furniture's as per clients
requirements

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Furniture Designer
 Am worked as ‘Design Engineer’ in a Furniture Industry almost for a year.
 Mainly designed ‘Shopfit’ Furniture's for Nike, Megamart, Puma, Fastrack
showrooms
 Design of shopfit furniture's mainly starts from architectural drawings
designed by clients like Nike, Puma, Megamart, fastrack Etc..
 Using of architectural drawings only we need to consider look wise &
outer dimensions of the furniture's to meet clients standards.
 Based on this input we need to work as a mechanical engineering by
considering manufacturing & production concept to reduce cost, raw
material, ease of manufacturing, production lead time, profit oriented
concepts of manufacturing using available machineries in the company.
 First step of getting ahead is concept design, material estimation, 3D
Modelling, Drafting & Proto-typing, Manufacturing & Production.

7. Tools used in Furniture Industries
Hand Tools, Power Tools

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Measuring Tools
 Tape Measure : Plastic or metal case, appropriate for general scenic
measuring
 Tri Square : Used as a guide for marking 90-degree angles

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Measuring Tools
 Combination Square : Used for marking 45- and 90-degree angles
 Bevel Protractor : Adjustable and used for marking 0 to 90-degree
angles

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Measuring Tools
 Framing Square : Used for checking accuracy of 90-degree corner
joints in flat construction
 Bevel Set : Used for transferring angles from one piece of work to
another
 Carpenter’s Level : Used to determine true horizontal and vertical
angles

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Marking Tools
 Pencils : Either carpenter’s pencils or number two yellows china
markers used for marking metal wax pencils for lighting color media
 Scribe : “Scratch awl” Used for marking wood, metal, and plastic;
can also be used to make starter holes
 Chalk line : Used to mark straight lines

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Hammers
 Claw Hammer :Designed for inserting and removing nails
 Rip Hammer : Can be used for prying or ripping apart previously
nailed wood
 Ball Peen Hammer :Used for bending and shaping metal and seating
rivets

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Hammers
 Mechanic’s Hammer : Used for shaping metal
 Tack Hammer : Used for inserting tacks, the face is magnetized to
hold tacks in place
 Mallet : Wooden, plastic, or metal head, they are used for driving
chisels

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Cutting Tools Saws
 Crosscut Saw : Used to cut across the grain of wood
 Rip Saw : Designed to cut parallel with the grain of the wood
 Backsaw and Miter Box : Fine-toothed crosscut saw, used with the
miter box for more accurate cuts

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Cutting Tools Saws
 Keyhole Saw : Used for making curvilinear cuts in stock lumber
 Coping Saw : Used for making fine, curvilinear cuts in thin plywood
 Hacksaw : Adjustable frame saw for cutting metal

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Cutting Tools
 Utility Knife : Used to trim excess muslin from the edges of flats as
well as to cut out stencils and other lightweight cutting projects
 Scissors : Used to cut papers and fabrics
 Tin Snips : Used to cut thin ferrous and nonferrous strap and sheet
metals

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Cutting Tools
 Wood Chisel : Used for gouging, paring, or smoothing wood
 Cold Chisel : Used for cutting through, or shearing, mild steel and
nonferrous metals

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Cutting Tools
 Block Plane : Used to smooth the ends (across the grain) of boards
 Smoothing Plane : Applied parallel to the grain of the wood

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Cutting Tools
 Spoke Shave : Pulled across the surface of the work and used to
soften or round sharp edges
 Surform Tools : Not really a plane or a file, they are pushed across
the work, cross-grain or parallel

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Cutting Tools
 Wood Rasp : Used for rough shaping of wood
 Wood File : Used for smoothing wooden and plastic surfaces

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Cutting Tools
 Rat-Tail File : Can be used with wood, plastic, and metal
 Metal File : Has very fine teeth for use on metal

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Drilling Tools
 Hand Drill : Used for making small-diameter holes in wood
 Brace : Used for holes larger than ¼ inch in diameter
 Push Drill : Designed for light usage, it can be useful for making
starter holes

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Drilling Tools
 Twist-Drill Bits : Designed for use with either wood or metal
 Wood Bits : Designed for use in wood or soft plastic, used with
power hand drills or drill presses
 Auger Bits : Used with the brace for cutting holes in wood

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Drilling Tools
 Push-Drill Bits : Very sharp points that seem to punch rather than
drill holes in wood
 Hole Saws : Used to center the saw in the work

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Clamping Tools
 Carpenter’s Vice : Attached to the edge of a workbench, used for
holding wood
 Machinist’s Vice : Used to clamp and hold metal
 Adjustable Wood Clamp : Used in furniture construction

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Clamping Tools
 Pipe Clamp : Used to clamp furniture frames, table tops, and similar
wide objects together while their glue joints dry
 Belt Clamp :Used to clamp irregularly shaped pieces together
 C Clamp : Used for holding work together while the parts are being
assembled or while glue dries

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Clamping Tools
 Slip-Joint Pliers : Used for clamping, gripping, bending, cutting light
wire
 Long-Nose Pliers : Useful for holding small objects in hard-to-reach
places
 Adjustable Arc-Joint Pliers : Used for holding metal pipe and tubing
and other similar gripping jobs

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Clamping Tools
 Locking Pliers :“Vise Grip” Used to grasp, lock, and hold almost any
object
 Diagonal Cutters :Used by electricians for cutting soft wire
 Wire Strippers : Used for stripping insulation for electrical wires
 Wire-Crimping Tool : Used to pressure-clamp solder less connectors
to electrical wire

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Clamping Tools
 Open-End Wrench : Designed to fit nuts of specific standard or
metric diameter
 Box-End Wrench : Have a closed, toothed head that must be fit over
the nut
 Adjustable-End Wrench : “Crescent Wrench” It adapts to fit any
small to medium sized nut

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Clamping Tools
 Monkey Wrench : Adjustable, used on large nuts and other work too
large for the crescent wrench
 Pipe Wrench : Used to hold or twist metal pipes Socket Set and
 Ratchet Handle : Allows you to tighten and loosen nuts without
removing the socket from the nut

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Screwdrivers
 Standard Screwdriver : Available in a variety of sizes
 Philips Screwdriver : Four-flanged tip allows for more rotational
force
 Nut Driver : Used for tightening small hex nuts on bolts

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Misc Hand Tools
 Wrecking bars : Used to pry wood apart and remove nails
 Sandpaper : Used for smoothing wood, metal, and plastic
 Nail puller : Used for extracting nails that have been driven flush to
the wood surface

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Misc Hand Tools
 Grommet Set : Used to seat grommets on drops, stage draperies,
and the like
 Oil Stone : Used to sharpen knives, chisels, and other cutting tools
 Staple Gun : Used for attaching muslin to flat frames and fabric to
furniture

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Metalworking Hand Tools
 Anvil : Used for bending metal
 Conduit Bender : Used to bend thin-wall conduit
 Center Punch : Used to make small indentations in metal, starter
holes

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Metalworking Hand Tools
 Bolt Cutter : Used to cut through mild-steel bolts and round stock
 Pipe Cutter : Used to make clean, right-angle cuts through steel pipe
 Tap and Dies : Used to cut threads on pipe and rod stock

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Stationary Power Saws
 Table Saw : Used for ripping lumber
 Radial-Arm Saw : Used for cross cutting and angle cutting, as well as
for ripping lumber
 Band Saw : Used to make curvilinear cuts

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Power Handsaws
 Circular Saw : Used for straight-line cross cutting and angle cutting,
as well as ripping
 Saber Saw : Used to make curvilinear cuts
 Cut Awl : Used for making curvilinear cuts and intricate cuts

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Power Drilling Tools
 Drill Press : Used to polish and sand as well as cut mortise and
tenon joints for furniture construction
 Electric Hand Drill : Used for light-duty drilling on lumber and light
metals
 Heavy-Duty Hand Drill : Used for heavier work, such as thick wood,
thick mild steel, and concrete

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Battery-Powered Tools
 Pneumatic Stapler : Uses air pressure to drive the staples
 Pneumatic Nailer : Used for rapid assembly of platforms and similar
structures
 Impact Wrench : Uses air pressure to tighten or loosen nuts

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Metalworking Welders
 Oxyacetylene Welder : Combines oxygen and acetylene to produce a
very hot flame that burns through metal
 Arc Welder : Works by creating an electrical arc that melts the metals
being welded
 Mig Welder : An arc welder that focuses a flow of inert gas on the
welding zone

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Metalworking: Soldering Equipment
 Pencil, gun, iron : Used to bond wires together
 Propane Torch : Used for soldering most heavy-duty scenic jobs and
heating thin-gauge steel for bending and shaping
 Power Hacksaw : Used to cut through various types of metal stock

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Metalworking Power Tools
 Power Tools: Metalworking
 Cutoff Saw : Used to make either straight or angle cuts through
metal stock
 Power Pipe Cutter : Used for cutting and threading metal pipes

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Misc Power Tools
 Router : Hand-held, used for shaping wood
 Wood Lathe : Bench-mounted, holds and spins wood rapidly for
shaping and carving
 Bench Sander : Mounted and used to bevel or smooth the surface
edges of wood and some plastics

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Misc Power Tools
 Electric Screwdriver : Magnetized tip, used with Philips screws for
assembling flats and platforms
 Bench Grinder : Used for grinding and sharpening metal
 Hand Power Grinder : Used for pieces too heavy or awkward for the
bench grinder

45. Automated machines
Used in furniture industries

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Automated Edge Banding Machine

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CNC Pipe Bending Machine

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Multiple Drilling Machine

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Post Forming Machine

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Slot Mortise Machine

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Spindle Moulder Machine

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Thicknesser Planer Machine

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CNC Router Machine

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Misc Power Tools
 Hand Power Sander : Uses a rotating disk of sandpaper to sand
wood, metal, and plastic
 Belt Sander : Uses belts of sandpaper for rapid sanding of wood
 Hot-Melt Glue Gun : Used for making rapid-hold glue bonds between
just about every type of material

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Wood: Stock Lumber
 A Select: Free of all knots, blemishes, erratic graining and warps
 B Select: Grain can be less uniform and the wood can contain more
pitch
 C Select: Can have a few tight knots, slightly less uniform, and still
more pitch

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Wood: Stock Lumber
 D Select: Can have more tight knots, an occasional pitch pocket, and
some warping
 No. 1 Common: Can have knots that fall out; commonly warp and
twist
 No. 2 Common: Knots that fall out, bark on the edges, warped and
twisted

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Wood: Molding and Trim

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Wood: Sheet Stock
 Plywood : Made by laminating several layers of wood, much stronger
than solid wood
 Particle Board : Composed of wood chips and sawdust mixed with a
 glue binder : Heavier than plywood, but not as strong

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Wood: Sheet Stock
 Wafer Board : Similar to particle board but lighter, cheaper, and just
as strong as plywood
 Hardboard : Called Masonite, is manufactured from wood pulp and
used as a facing surface
 Upson Board : Paper pulp and binder, fairly flexible with little
strength, used to cover fairly sharply curved surfaces

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Wood
 Sonotube : Paper tube used for forming concrete; in theatre, it can
also be used to make columns
 Manufactured Wood : Wood like construction materials made from
wood by-products

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Metal: Mild Steel
 Square and Rectangular Tubing : The most used and useful shapes
of steel, used for platform framing and flat framing
 Tubing or Pipe : Primarily used for decorative items
 Channel : Used in structures requiring significant strength, such as
the framework for large platforms and wagons

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Metal: Mild Steel
 Angle : Used in those situations requiring less strength, such as
lightweight frames, braces, and stiffeners
 Strap : Used to strengthen or brace existing wooden structures

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Metal: Proprietary Structural Systems
 Unistrut : Consists of U-shaped channels of differing sizes
 Telespar : A system of telescoping square steel tubing; can be
adjusted without cutting
 Slotted Angle : Manufactured with a variety of holes and slots
punched into both faces of the stock
 Aluminum : Not used as extensively as mild steel, more expensive
and more difficult to weld; mainly used for decorative purposes

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Plastics
 Acrylic : Used as a glass substitute and for making decorative
baubles and stained glass
 Epoxy : Most commonly used types are those for adhesives and
casting resins, can be worked with either wood or metal cutting tools
 Fluorocarbons : Teflon, makes an excellent bearing surface for
turntables and for covering skids

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Plastics: Polyesters
 Saturated Polyesters : Have a variety of uses in both scenic and
costume construction, such as stage mirrors
 Unsaturated Polyesters : Can be used in casting or to create
fiberglass

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Plastics
 Polyethylene : Available in film and foam, can be used for such
things as drop cloths and projection screens
 Polystyrene : Styrofoam, used for making decorative trim
 Polyvinyl Chloride : PVC pipe, can be used for a variety of decorative
scenic purposes
 Urethanes : Commonly used for cushions and padding in furniture

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Fasteners: Nails
 Common Nail : Large head, thick shank, used for heavier general
construction
 Box Nail : Narrower shaft that reduces the chance of splitting lumber
 Coated Box Nail : Even narrower shaft, coated with an adhesive that
bonds the nail to the wood

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Fasteners: Nails
 Finish Nail : Slender shaft and narrow head, used for building props
or furniture in which the nail head needs to be hidden
 Wire Nail and Brad : Small finish or box nails with slender shafts,
used in property construction or for attaching delicate decorative
moldings to larger scenic elements
 Double-Headed Nail : Used for scaffolding or any temporary
structure that needs to be dismantled quickly

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Fasteners: Nails
 Screw Nail : Threaded shank that rotates as it is driven into the wood
for more holding power
 Clout Nail : Used to be used in flat construction but has since been
replaced by power-driven screws and pneumatic devices
 Tack : Used for attaching fabric and for decorative purposes

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Fasteners: Nails
 Corrugated Fastener : Used to hold lightweight frames together
 Staple : Come in a variety of types, used to fasten things together

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Fasteners: Screws
 Flat-Head Wood Screw : Used for attaching hardware and joining
various wooden elements together
 Round-Head Wood Screw : Used in those situations in which you do
not want to have the top of the screw flush with the surface of the
work
 Drywall Screw : Used to attach gypsum board or drywall to wooden
wall and ceiling studs

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Fasteners: Screws
 Sheet-Metal Screw : Used for joining sheets of metal
 Lag Screw : Very large wood screws used where the lack of access
to both sides of the work prevents the use of bolts

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Fasteners: Bolts
 Carriage Bolt : Used to join either wood to wood or wood to metal
 Machine Bolt : Designed to join metal to metal
 Stove Bolt : Used for attaching stage hardware, hinges, and similar
items that require extra fastening strength

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Fasteners
 Washers : Flat-steel disks that increase the bearing surface of the
nut or bolt and prevents the nut or bolt from cutting into the surface
of the work
 Nuts : Applied to threaded ends of bolts to close and tighten the
fastener

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Glues and Adhesives: Glues
 Animal Glue : One of the prime ingredients of scenic glue, used to
glue muslin or canvas to flats or to construct furniture
 Flexible Glue : Animal glue with glycerin, used for projects requiring
flexibility
 Wheat Paste : Used for hanging wallpaper, papier-mâché, and for
attaching dutchman

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Glues and Adhesives: Adhesives
 White Glue : Elmer’s Glue, used extensively in scenic construction
 Carpenter’s Glue : Used in woodworking, dries almost clear, is
stronger and dries more quickly than white glue
 Latex Cement : Used in laying carpet

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Glues and Adhesives: Adhesives
 Contact Cement : Used for bonding nonporous surfaces together
 Polyvinyl Glue : Resembles white glue and can be used for furniture
construction and repair and as a binder for scene paint
 Cyanoacrylate Cement : Super Glue, powerful adhesives used in
property construction
 Epoxy Resin Adhesive : Used in the shop in situations where its
strength can be an advantage, furniture construction and property
work

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Hardware: Construction Hardware
 Eye Bolt : Used for attaching lines or ropes to an object
 Screw Eye : Similar to eye bolts but used when the extra strength or
the bolt fastener is not necessary
 Screw Hook : Have a hook instead of an eye so that items hung from
the hook can be quickly removed

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Hardware: Construction Hardware
 U Bolt : Used to secure or fasten pipe, tube, or rod to flat surfaces
 Cable Clamp : Used to hand scenery and battens
 Nicopress Tool : Provides a permanent, no removable friction clamp
for wire rope or cable

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Hardware: Construction Hardware
 Thimble : Used to protect wire, rope, or cable from sharp bends or
kinks
 Turnbuckle : Used to lengthen or shorten a line system
 Snaps : Used to provide a quick means of attaching a line to its
associated load

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Hardware: Construction Hardware: Hinges
 Strap Hinge : Used to hinge stage doors
 Butt Hinge : Used to hang stage doors
 T-Strap Hinge : Used for hanging doors, gates, and box lids

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Hardware: Construction Hardware: Hinges
 Loose-Pin Back-Flap Hinge : Used for joining scenery, the pin can be
removed in order to break the unit apart
 Tight-Pin Back-Flap Hinge : Used for joining scenery permanently

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Hardware: Stage: Lashing
 Lash-Line Eye : Used to attach the lash line to the flat
 Lash-Line Cleat : Used to hold the rope in place so that the flats can
be lashed together
 Lash-Line Hook : Used to hold the rope in place so that the flats can
be lashed together; can also be used in place of a tie-off cleat

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Hardware: Stage: Lashing
 Tie-Off Cleat : Used in pairs to tie off the line after the flats have been
lashed together
 Stop Cleat : Attached to the back of flats to prevent the flats from
slipping past each other when they are being lashed together in an
outside corner configuration
 Stop Block : Small piece of scrap wood used to prevent flats from
slipping past each other when they are being lashed together in an
inside corner configuration

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Hardware: Stage: Flying Hardware
 Hanger Iron : Used in conjunction with a bottom hanger iron for
flying heavy scenery
 Bottom Hanger Iron : Used in conjunction with a hanger iron for
flying heavy scenery
 Ceiling Plate : Bolted to primary structural members of the ceiling to
provide a means of attaching the flying lines to the ceiling

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Hardware: Stage: Bracing
 Stage Brace : Adjustable pole attached to the brace cleat and
secured to the stage floor
 Brace Cleat : Attached to the stile of the flat, provides the point of
attachment between scenery and the stage floor
 Rigid Foot Iron : The long leg is attached to the bottom of the
scenery and the short leg is secured to the stage floor

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Hardware: Stage: Bracing
 Hinged Foot Iron : Similar to the rigid foot iron, its horizontal foot is
hinged to fold out of the way when the scenic unit is shifted or flown
 Stage Screw : Used to anchor a foot iron or stage brace to the stage
floor
 Improved Stage Screw : Doesn’t tear up the stage floor as much as
the regular stage screw

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Hardware: Stage: Bracing
 S Hook : Latch keeper, used to hold stiffening battens on the back of
wall units made of two or more flats
 Floor Plate : Used when the stage floor is not wood or you are not
allowed to put holes in it

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Misc Hardware: Stage
 Corner Plate : Used to reinforce the corners of doors, windows, door
or window casings, and picture frames
 Tee Plate : Used as a substitute for keystones
 Picture Hook and Eye : Used in sets of two or more for rapid hanging
and removal of decorative draperies

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Misc Hardware: Stage
 Casket Lock : Heavy-duty, hidden lock used to hold platforms
together
 Casters : Wheeled attachments used to easily move scenery

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Hardware: Stage Hardware

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Rope, Cable, and Wire
 Manila Rope : Primary type of rope used for raising and suspending
loads in the theatre
 Sisal Rope : Much stiffer than manila and easily deteriorates when
used in sharp angle bending
 Clothesline : Used for operating line on travelers as well as for
lashing flats together

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Rope, Cable, and Wire
 Nylon Rope : Stretch too much and are too expensive for use in the
theatre
 Monofilament Line : Fishing line, used whenever lines need to be
invisible
 Aircraft Cable : Flexible and strong, used for flying heavy stage
scenery
 Stovepipe Wire : Used for tying or wiring things together, not to be
used for flying scenery
 Piano Wire : Used to fly scenery

94. Thank you
END of Presentation