The document discusses various carpentry tools classified into 7 categories: marking and setting out, cutting, boring, planing, hammers and screw drivers, cramping and holding, and miscellaneous. It provides examples of common tools for each category such as squares, saws, braces, and planes. It also covers fastenings like nails, screws, and bolts used to secure timber joints. Fixtures and fastenings including hinges, handles, latches, and locks are described along with examples for each type. The final sections discuss rat trap bond, a cost-effective masonry technique using bricks placed on edge.

1. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 1
CARPENTRY TOOLS
 Classification of
Carpentry Tools
1) Marking and setting out
2) Cutting
3) Boring
4) Planing tools
5) Hammers and screw
drivers
6) Cramping and holding
7) Miscellaneous

2. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 2
CARPENTRY TOOLS
Marking and setting out
 Marking lines /points
on wood
1. Square :To set right
angles
2. Bevel :To set angles other
than a right angles
3. Marking gauge and
mortise gauge: For
marking lines parallel to the
edges
4. Marking point and
scribing knife:To mark
points and lines on wood

3. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 3
Cutting tools
 Tool used for cutting wood -
Compass saw
 Tools used for cutting
timber members are -
Coping saw, Cross –cut
saw , Dovetail saw
 Tools used for cutting and
shaping joints are –Tenon
Saw, Firmer Chisel,
Mortise Chisel, Paring
Chisel

4. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 4
Boring
 Used for driving holes in timber
members
 Rachet brace:-cutting bit
is attatched to its lower end and
the bit is rotataed with the help of
brace handle
 Centre Bit, Auger Bit,
Rose Counter –Sunk Bit,
Screw Drive Bit: Used for
boring holes of different size and
shapes
 Brad Awl ,Pointed Awl:
These have sharpened and pointed
ends wirth the help of which small
and fine holes can be made .
 Gimlet: It has screwed end with
which small holes can be bored
 Auger: Used for deep boring

5. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 5
Planing tools
 Used for Planing
surface and for
cutting small
mouldings along
the edges
 Bead plane
 Jack plane
 Rebate plane

6. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 6
Hammers and screw drivers
 Used for driving
nails and screws
and other
fastenings
 Claw Hammer,
Mallet Hammer,
Spall Hammer,
Waller’s Hammer.
 Screw Driver,
Ratchet Screw
Driver

7. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 7
Miscellaneous
 Cramp: For clamping
timber ,to cut or make
groove.
 Nail punch: Making
small hole before driving
nail so that timber does not
split on surface
 Oil stone: Various tools
and blades
 Pincers & Pliers: For
taking out damaged nails

9. Fastenings
 Timber joints are secured in
position with the help of following
commonly used fastenings
 Wire nails
 Cut nails
 Floor brads
 Lath nails
 Treenail
 Pins
 Screws
 Coach screw
 Bolts
 Spikes
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 9

10.  Connecters
 Dig
 Dowels
 Sockets
 Straps
 Wedges
 Fasteners
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 10

11. Fixtures and fastenings
 Hinges
 Bolts
 Handles
 Locks
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 11

12. Hinges
 back flap hinge
 Butt hinge
 Counter flap hinge
 Garnet hinge
 Nar madi hinge
 Parliamnetry hinge
 Pin hinge
 Rising butt hinge
 Strap hinge
 Spring hinge
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 12

13. BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 13

14. Latch
 Any wood or metal device
that is attached to a door
or window to keep it
closed
 The latch consists of plain
bar of wood or metal
which is attached to door
or gate and is pivoted so
that it can be raised by
hand above a hook or
keep attached to door or
window frame.
 These simple crude
devices serve the purpose
of keeping the door or
window in the closed
position
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 14

15. Handle
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 15

16. Locks
 A lock is any device of wood or
metal which is attached to a
door or window to keep it
closed by the operation of a bolt
that moves horizontally into a
striking plate or staple fixed to
door or window frame
 Most locks are made of steel or
brass and combine the
operation of keeping doors and
windows closed with a latch bolt
operated by handle or lever and
keeping doors and windows
securely shut by the operation
of a loose key to move a lock
bolt
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 16

18. Rat trap bond
 The rat trap bond (RTB) was first
introduced by eminent architect
Laurie Baker in India and
supported by HUDCO.
 In the RTB bricks are placed on
edge in 1:6 cement mortar as
shown in the picture.
 With this technique there is
reduction in cost of the wall by
25% as with conventional English
bond (9’’thk wall) 350 bricks are
required per cu. m whereas in Rat-
trap bond only 280 bricks are
required and also the reduced
number of joints reduces the
mortar consumption.
 No plastering of the outside face is
required and the wall usually is
quite aesthetically pleasing and the
air gaps created within the wall
help make the house thermally
comfortable.
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 18

19. Rat trap bond
 In summer the temperature
inside the house is usually
atleast 5 degrees lower that the
outside ambient temperature
and vice versa in winter.
 Thus the main advantages of
using Rat trap bond are:
 Reduction in cost of the wall by
25%.
 The reduction in number of
joints, reduces mortar. · 25%
less dead weight, 18% savings
in bricks and 54% savings in
cement mortar
 Thermally comfortable &
Aesthetically pleasing.
BTM I Ar. Mahua Biswas 19