This document is an active learning assignment on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) prepared by Keerthana Nambiar for the subject of Digital Communication under the guidance of Prof. Chintan Patel at Gandhinagar Institute of Technology. It discusses why OFDM is used by explaining how its orthogonal subcarriers eliminate cross-talk. The principles and block diagram of OFDM are presented, along with its advantages like immunity to fading, resilience to interference, and simpler equalization. Disadvantages around high peak-to-average power ratios and sensitivity to carrier offsets are also noted. Applications of OFDM include digital audio/video broadcasting, wireless LAN, WiMAX, Li-Fi, LTE
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)
its orthogonal frequency multiplexing topic basicallly in digital signal processing , network signal and system , it also helpful in engineering course either electrical or electronics and communication engineering.
OFDM allows tightly packed carriers to convey information orthogonally and with high bandwidth efficiency
Objectives Description:
Concepts
Basic idea
Introduction to OFDM
Implementation
Advantages and Drawbacks.
FDMA
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)
its orthogonal frequency multiplexing topic basicallly in digital signal processing , network signal and system , it also helpful in engineering course either electrical or electronics and communication engineering.
OFDM allows tightly packed carriers to convey information orthogonally and with high bandwidth efficiency
Objectives Description:
Concepts
Basic idea
Introduction to OFDM
Implementation
Advantages and Drawbacks.
FDMA
In Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), the available channel bandwidth is divided into many non overlapping frequency bands, where each band is dynamically assigned to a specific user to transmit data.
Like FDM, OFDM uses multiple subcarriers BUT:
There are closely spaces to each other without causing interference, removing guard bands.
Its possible because subcarriers are orthogonal.
OFDMA allocates multi-user in time domain as well in frequency domain. OFDMA is a very popular Multiplexing method used for many of the latest wireless and telecommunication standards,
In Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), the available channel bandwidth is divided into many non overlapping frequency bands, where each band is dynamically assigned to a specific user to transmit data.
Like FDM, OFDM uses multiple subcarriers BUT:
There are closely spaces to each other without causing interference, removing guard bands.
Its possible because subcarriers are orthogonal.
OFDMA allocates multi-user in time domain as well in frequency domain. OFDMA is a very popular Multiplexing method used for many of the latest wireless and telecommunication standards,
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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
1. Active Learning Assignment
Semester : 6
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engineering
Subject : Digital Communication(2161001)
Topic : “OFDM”
Prepared by : Keerthana Nambiar(140120111012)
Guided by : Prof. Chintan Patel
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology
15. Why is it used?
• In OFDM, the sub-carrier frequencies are chosen so
that the sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other,
meaning that cross-talk between the sub-channels is
eliminated and inter-carrier guard bands are not
required.
• This greatly simplifies the design of both the
transmitter and the receiver; unlike conventional
FDM, a separate filter for each sub-channel is not
required.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology
16. PRINCIPLE B/H OFDM
• Orthogonality can be obtained by dividing the
carrier signal with an integer multiple that is capable
of making inverse of symbol duration of parallel bit
stream.
• It uses data bursts to reduce the ISI. The symbols
are sent in parallel which decreases the symbol rate.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology
18. Advantages
• Immunity to selective fading: One of the main advantages of OFDM is that is more resistant to
frequency selective fading than single carrier systems because it divides the overall channel into
multiple narrowband signals that are affected individually as flat fading sub-channels.
• Resilience to interference: Interference appearing on a channel may be bandwidth limited and
in this way will not affect all the sub-channels. This means that not all the data is lost.
• Spectrum efficiency: Using close-spaced overlapping sub-carriers, a significant OFDM
advantage is that it makes efficient use of the available spectrum.
• Resilient to ISI: Another advantage of OFDM is that it is very resilient to inter-symbol and
inter-frame interference. This results from the low data rate on each of the sub-channels.
• Resilient to narrow-band effects: Using adequate channel coding and interleaving it is possible
to recover symbols lost due to the frequency selectivity of the channel and narrow band
interference. Not all the data is lost.
• Simpler channel equalisation: One of the issues with CDMA systems was the complexity of
the channel equalisation which had to be applied across the whole channel. An advantage of
OFDM is that using multiple sub-channels, the channel equalization becomes much simpler.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology 18
19. Disadvantages
• High peak to average power ratio: An OFDM signal has a noise like
amplitude variation and has a relatively high large dynamic range, or
peak to average power ratio. This impacts the RF amplifier efficiency as
the amplifiers need to be linear and accommodate the large amplitude
variations and these factors mean the amplifier cannot operate with a
high efficiency level.
• Sensitive to carrier offset and drift: Another disadvantage of OFDM
is that is sensitive to carrier frequency offset and drift. Single carrier
systems are less sensitive.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology 19
20. Application
• Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
• Digital television
• Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE
802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, and IEEE 802.11ad
• WiMAX
• Li-Fi
• The LTE and LTE Advanced 4G mobile phone
standards
• Modern narrow and broadband power line
communications
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology
