Comparative analysis of Wavelet Packet based MC-CDMA with the Conventional MC-CDMA using HHT tool

1. Comparative analysis of Wavelet
packet based MC- CDMA with the
conventional MC-CDMA using HHT
tool.
Guided by: Prepared by:
prof. Anila dingra Manmohan singh Chandoliya
HOD of ECE M.Tech (2 year)
Yagyavalkya Institute Of Technology, Jaipur

2. OUT LINE
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature survey
 Rationale
 Problem statement
 Methodology
 Expected outcomes
 Progress so far
 References

3. 3
ABSTRACT
conventional Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) technique have been
research hotspots due to their high frequency spectrum efficiency
and high data rata transmission. On the basis of comparative
analysis between this technique, the use of the optimized orthogonal
wavelet packet technique, we propose a orthogonal wavelet packet
based MC-CDMA system with conventional MC CDMA technique,
and investigate the system bit error rate performance over fading
channel. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the
proposed wavelet packet based MC-CDMA (WP-MC-CDMA) system
outperforms conventional MC-CDMA system and it is slightly
superior to the conventional MC-CDMA with cyclic prefix (CP).
Without any CP, the system has much higher spectrum efficiency.
Especially, the application of space-time coding technique
significantly improves the system ability to combat channel fading
and various interference. Moreover, the WP-MC-CDMA system has
comparative superiority to MC-CDMA using HHT tool.

4. 4
Introduction
 Mimo FDM.
 Conventional CDMA
 Conventional MC CDMA
 wavelet Packet MC CDMA
 Characteristic of mc cdma and mimo fdm
 Drawback of Conventional packet wavelet MC CDMA.
 Overcome of mc cdma
 limitation of mc cdma
 Comparisons between conventional mc cdma and wavelet packet
based mc cdma
 AWGN Channel and fading channel
 wavelet packet based diff modulation techniques

5. Diagram of Communication System
 Tx PORT
5
IMAGE Image to
binary
SERIAL CDMA
S/P OFDM S2 P/S AWGN/ Fading Ch
S/P OFDM S2 P/S CDMA Binary to
Image
Error Check
Evaluation
Tx PORT
Rx PORT

6. 6
Mimo FDM
mimo + ofdm= mimo ofdm
1. multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO
2.Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM)

7. Block Diagram
Mimo-ofdm

8. 8
 Conventional CDMA
 Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA Multiple users occupying the
same band by having different codes is known as CDMA - Code
Division Multiple Access system .
 Let W - spread bandwidth in Hz R = 1/T b = Date Rate S - received
power of the desired signal in W J - received power for undesired
signals like multiple access users.
 A conventional CDMA system treats each user separately as a
signal with other users considered as either MAI or noise. Because
the single user detector is unable to exploit the structure of MAI, it
suffers from the near-far effect problem; i.e. nearby users disrupt the
detection of highly attenuated desired signals. In the present
systems this is solved by a complex technique of power control.

9. 9
 Conventional MC CDMA
 Frequency domain spreading
 The resulting spectrum of each sub carrier can satisfy the
orthogonality condition with the minimum frequency
separation.
 In a (synchronous) down-link mobile radio communication
channel, we can use Hada mard Walsh codes as an optimum
orthogonal set.
 It can be implemented via OFDM technique.
 It’s a potential candidate for the 4th wireless communication
system.

10. multi carrier Tx and ofdm
 Transmit high data rate in a mobile environment
 Multi-carrier transmission
 Multi-carrier transmission and OFDM
 Multi-carrier transmission
 Multi-carrier concept
 Orthogonality
 OFDM
 Using FFT device without increasing the transmitter and
receiver complexities
 High spectral efficiency due to minimally densely
subcarrier spacing

11. Differences between OFDM
and MC-CDMA
 MC-CDMA spreads the signal in the frequency domain according to
the spread code (PN code), it can view as employing the frequency
diversity method.
 MC-CDMA performs better than DS-CDMA in Downlink level, but its
performs even worse in Uplink level.
 MC-CDMA has gained much attention, because the signal can be
easily transmitted and received using the fast Fourier transform
(FFT) device without increasing the transmitter and receiver
complexities and it is potentially robust to channel frequency
selectivity with a good frequency use efficiency.

12. wavelet Packet MC CDMA
 Wavelet packets have much lower sidelobes compared to
sinusoid carriers and the resulting sidelobe energy leakage is
negligeable. This property is effective in suppressing interference
caused by ICI and Multiple Access Interference (MAI).
 Wavelet packets are naturally orthogonal and well localized in
both time and frequency domains. These feature relaxes the
requirement of frequency or time guard between different user
signals. In fact, orthogonality is maintained for overlapped
wavelet packets in both time and frequency domains. This is an
advantage of using wavelet packets to model communication
channels that are characterized by not only frequency selectivity
but also time variation.

13. Characteristic of wavelet
packet
Wavelet Packets and their Characteristics;-
 for data compression analysis, since they are As a
generalization of wavelets, wavelet packets were
introduced well localized in both time and frequency
domain. The construction of wavelet packets start from a
pair of PR-QMF, h0(k) and h1(k) of length 2N. The
sequence of wavelet functions pn(x), are recursively
defined by the QMF h0(k) and h1(k).

14. Drawback of Conventional MC
CDMA.
Currently, most of the MC-CDMA systems are based on sinusoidal
carriers, which have the following inherent disadvantages:
 Sinusoid carriers have high side lobes energy, which leads to a
high energy leakage. Also, the side lobes can interfere with nearby
carriers thus degrading the system performance and causing ICI
problems.
 The detection of the signal in the system is based on the
orthogonality of the s sub carriers. To insure orthogonality, there is a
minimum frequency separation between each subcarrier at the
same time.
 Sinusoidal carriers are not well localized in time domain, which
means that time diversity within one chip duration is difficult to
achieve. Time guard slots are needed between different carriers in
such system.

15. Overcome of mc cdma
We propose in this dissertation that the problems posed by sinusoidal
carriers can be solved by wavelet packets. Wavelet packets have
many attractive properties such as:
 Wavelet packets have much lower side lobes compared to sinusoid
carriers and the resulting side lobe energy leakage is negligible.
This property is effective in suppressing interference caused by ICI
and Multiple Access Interference (MAI).
 Wavelet packets are naturally orthogonal and well localized in both
time and frequency domains. These feature relaxes the requirement
of frequency or time guard between different user signals. In fact,
orthogonality is maintained for overlapped wavelet packets in both
time and frequency domains. This is an advantage of using wavelet
packets to model communication channels that are characterized by
not only frequency selectivity but also time variation.

16. limitation of mc cdma
1.Detection Problems
2.Carrier Problems
3.Channel Fading Problems

17. Comparisons between
conventional mc cdma and wavelet packet based mc cdma
 The effects of non-ideal conditions such as timing and carrier
frequency offset.
 The problem of synchronization, which is one of the most important
issues in dealing with wavelet packets. This is one of the challenges
in system implementation.
 The problem of peak-to-average power ratio, which is one of the
important problems in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
systems.
 The power control problem of CDMA based systems. Perfect power
control is assumed to be available.
 The channel is assumed to be slow fading and frequency selective
each subchannel is a frequency nonselective channel, while the
overall channel is frequency selective.
 The received signal from several paths, carrying the same
information, are assumed to be uncorrelated.

18. AWGN Channel and fading
channel
 An AWGN channel is a adds white Gaussian noise to the signal that
passes through it. An AWGN channel is typically described by
quantities such as Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) per sample and this
is the actual input parameter to the AWGN function.
 The bit error rate or bit error ratio (BER) is the number of bit errors
divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time
interval. BER= Error/ total number of bit
 Multipath propagation occurs when Radio Frequency (RF) signals
take different paths from a transmitter to a receiver due to
propagation mechanisms such as scattering, reflection and
refraction. The signal components arriving via different propagation
paths may add destructively, resulting in a phenomenon called
signal fading.

19. wavelet packet based diff
modulation techniques
 Binary phase shift key.
 Q phase shift key.
 Hilbert transform.
 Heaul hilbert transform.

20. Literature survey
 We developed and evaluated a wavelet paper
based CDMA wireless communication system. In
this system design a set of wavelet packets are
used as the modulation waveforms in a multicarrier
CDMA system. The need for cyclic prefix is
eliminated in the system design due to the good
orthogonality and time-frequencyof the wavelet
localization properties packets. Wavelet Packets
have good properties such as orthogonality and
multirate flexibility, and have resulted in a number of
works for its applications toaccess multiple
communications code division.

21.  A Wavelet Packets based Multicarrier Multicode Code Division
Multiple Access (WPMC/MCD-CDMA) system, which combines the
properties of wavelet based system, denoted as Wavelet Packets a
new Wavelet Packets based Multicarrier Multicode Code Division
Multiple Access (WPMC/MCD-CDMA) system, which combines a
Wavelet Packets based Multicarrier Multicode Code Division Multiple
Access (WPMC/MCD 2. -CDMA) system, which combines the
properties of waveletoncept ofMC, MCD and CDMA, is proposed
and analyzed. Another new wavelet packets Multicarrier Multi user
Code Division Multiple properties of wavelet the packets with the
Access (WP-MC/MU-CDMA) system, which combines the properties
of wavelet packets with the concept ofMC and CDMA, is proposed
and analyzed. TheWP-MC/MCD-CDMA can be used for multirate
services using multicode schemes. In WP-MC/MU-CDMA system,

22.  a decorrelating suboptimum detector is used in the
detection process. This will suppress interference,
support a higher number of users and relaxhees the
power control requirements. In our rosystems,
wavelet packets instead of a sinusoidal function.
Thus, the pposed systems have high immunity
against interferences caused by multipath and t
multiple access multicarriers. The systems are
evaluated in Nakagami slow fading channel, and
their performance are investigated in terms of signal
to-noise plus interference ratio, bit error rate and
outage probability at the receiver functions are used
as subcarrier to improve the system performance..

23.  On the basis of analyzing the principle of multicarrier
CDMA (MC-CDMA) technique and space–time
coding technique, using the optimized complex
wavelet packet as multicarrier modulation, a novel
MC-CDMA system based on complex wavelet
packet and space–time block codes is proposed.
The bit error rate (BER) performance of the system
is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel, and the
corresponding BER expression is derived in detail.
The system can overcome the decrease of spectrum
efficiency of conventional MC-CDMA due to
inserting cyclic prefix (CP). Moreover, the
application of space–time coding technique

24.  strengthens the capability against fading channel
significantly and perfects the system performance.
Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed system
with 2-transmitter antenna and 2-receiver antenna
space–time block codes performs four times better than
the single-antenna MC-CDMA system based on complex
wavelet packet (CWP-MC-CDMA); the same conclusion
is also reached by the simulation results in fading
channel. As a result, the performance of the proposed
CWP-MC-CDMA system outperforms a conventional
MC-CDMA system based on DFT, it is close or superior
to that of the conventional MC-CDMA with CP.
Especially, the CWP-MC-CDMA system with space–time
coding has superior ability to combat spatial fading and
multi-access interference, and it slightly outperforms
conventional MC-CDMA with CP and space–time
coding.

25. Space-time coding technique and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-
CDMA) technique have been research hotspots due to their high
frequency spectrum efficiency and high data rata transmission.
On the basis of analyzing the two technique principle, by the use
of the optimized complex orthogonal wavelet packet and space-
time coding technique, we propose a complex orthogonal
wavelet packet based MC-CDMA system with space-time coding,
and investigate the system bit error rate performance over
Raleigh fading channel. Theoretical analysis and simulation
results show that the proposed complex wavelet packet based
MC-CDMA (CWP-MC-CDMA) system outperforms conventional
MC-CDMA system and it is slightly superior to the conventional
MC-CDMA with cyclic prefix (CP). Without any CP, the system
has much higher spectrum efficiency. Especially, the application
of space-time coding technique significantly improves the system
ability to combat channel fading and various interference.
Moreover, the space-time coded CWP-MC-CDMA system has
comparative superiority to space-time coded MC-CDMA with CP.

26. RATIONALE
 Third and future generation systems promise unparalleled wireless access
in ways that never been possible before. Multi-megabit Internet access,
interactive web session and simultaneous voice data access with multiple
parties at the same time are some of the attractive features of 3G . Since
wireless systems require high transmission rates and advanced modulation
and demodulation techniques, Multicode (MCD)-CDMA systems and
Multicarrier (MC)-CDMA systems have been suggested for wireless
transmission at high data rate.
 In MCD-CDMA systems, a high data rate stream is split into a
number of parallel low In MCD-CDMA systems, a high data rate
stream is split into a number of parallel low rate sub streams and
then the low rate sub streams are spread by different sequences
and added together before transmission . In this system, the
orthogonal variable spreading factor method can provide data
service up to the rate of 2Mbps. Also, the multiplication of each sub
stream with an orthogonal code set discriminates each sub stream
and minimizes Inter-Sub stream Interference (ISSI). But, the
narrowband signal in MCD-CDMA systems decrease their performance
relative to the performance of MC-CDMA systems.

27.  In MC-CDMA systems, high data rate stream is split into a number of
parallel low rate streams and then each sub stream modulates a
different subcarrier and is spread over the whole bandwidth before
transmission . However such a system using large number of sub
carriers is prone to Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) problems.
 In communication systems that combine multicode techniques with
multicarrier techniques denoted asMC/MCD-CDMAsystems were
introduced. In these systems high a data rate stream is split into a
number of parallel low rate streams, then the low rate streams are
spread by different sequences and added together. The resulting data
is then split into a number of parallel low rate streams and each sub
stream modulates a different subcarrier before transmission.
Because of the use of multicarrier, multicode and CDMA t
techniques,MC/MCD-CDMA.
 In this paper comparative analysis of wavelet packet based MC CDMA
system with the conventional MC CDMA using HHT.

28. 28
Problem Statement
The problem is “Comparison Analysis of
wavelet packet based MC CDMA and
conventional MC CDMA Technique using
HHT tool.”

29. Methodology
 Simulation of CDMA Technology with fading
channel.
 Simulation of mimo fdm in mat lab.
 Simulation of MC CDMA.
 Wavelet packet based MC CDMA.
 Simulation for the same various modulation
techniques.
 Comparison of wavelet packet cdma for various
wavelet functions.
 Power spectrum of MC CDMA.

30. This research is divided into three phases.
The initial phase involves designing the simulation model to be used
for obtaining data. The simulation will mimic a given communication
system and its process. Once developed, the algorithm will be
applied to the given scenario and then simulated in order to analyze
the proposed methods.
The second phase consists of developing the specifics of the
algorithm. This involves devising the logic details as well as the
details pertaining to the comm. network. This phase is the focus of
the study and therefore requires the most detail and explanation.
Finally, the proposed method will be analyzed and compared to a
current method . The comparison will involve the simulation model
being applied to an multiplexing Technique. The complete
methodology will be described in detail in result section.

31. 31
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
1. The SNIR performance for WP-MC CDMA system.
2. Effect of Mean Energy-to-Noise Power Spectral Density.
3. Effect of Number of Users.
4. Number of Wavelet Packets Super streams.
5. Bit Error Rate Performance comparision.

32. 32
Progress so far
we did studied about the problem statement and find out what
actually we have to do also we find the tool on which we are doing
work presently.

33. 33
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39. 39