The document discusses various species of banana plants from the Musaceae family that are grown as ornamental plants. It describes species native to Southeast Asia such as Musa velutina, with pink fruits, and Musa aurantiaca, with bright orange buds. It also covers other ornamental species from sections Rhodochlamys and Callimusa known for their colorful bracts, including Musa laterita, M. ornata, M. siamensis, and M. coccinea. It provides details on the cultivation requirements and pests/diseases of ornamental banana species.
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
A bonsai is an artistic representation of a mature tree that suggests a scene in nature. A bonsai asks the viewer to see beyond the physical plant to a world beyond. Any woody plant material (tree, vine, shrub or herb) can be used to produce a tree-like shape by means of selective pruning. In this slide,you will be able to understand about bonsai and their different types and their symbolic representation.Moreover,you will learn to prepare bonsai tree.
pureline is the progeny of single homozygous self pollinated crop species and progeny test is the selection of patental lines based on the progeny performance
Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
A bonsai is an artistic representation of a mature tree that suggests a scene in nature. A bonsai asks the viewer to see beyond the physical plant to a world beyond. Any woody plant material (tree, vine, shrub or herb) can be used to produce a tree-like shape by means of selective pruning. In this slide,you will be able to understand about bonsai and their different types and their symbolic representation.Moreover,you will learn to prepare bonsai tree.
pureline is the progeny of single homozygous self pollinated crop species and progeny test is the selection of patental lines based on the progeny performance
Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.
the floral formula tells us about the nature of flowers. the floral diagram represents the plan of arrangements of floral whorl in relation to the mother axis.
Pract no. 9 (a) floral biology of bananatusharamodugu
Botanical name : Musa paradisiaca L. (Fruit variety)
Musa sapientum (Vegetable variety)
Common Name : Banana, Kela
Chromosome number : 2n = 3x = 33
Banana is one of the oldest fruits and second largest growing fruit crop in the world. It is also known as “Adams Fig “and “Apple of Paradise.”
Importance :
It is widely used as a fresh fruit.
The central core of the pseudostem is used as a vegetable.
The banana pseudostem is also used for manufacturing paper and boards.
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
the floral formula tells us about the nature of flowers. the floral diagram represents the plan of arrangements of floral whorl in relation to the mother axis.
Pract no. 9 (a) floral biology of bananatusharamodugu
Botanical name : Musa paradisiaca L. (Fruit variety)
Musa sapientum (Vegetable variety)
Common Name : Banana, Kela
Chromosome number : 2n = 3x = 33
Banana is one of the oldest fruits and second largest growing fruit crop in the world. It is also known as “Adams Fig “and “Apple of Paradise.”
Importance :
It is widely used as a fresh fruit.
The central core of the pseudostem is used as a vegetable.
The banana pseudostem is also used for manufacturing paper and boards.
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Propogation of African sandalwood over the eastern parts of Africa and some parts of sudan and ethiopia by layering. features of roots and the bark over cosmetics as well as medicinal.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Family : Musaceae
Origin : south east Asia
valued for their beautiful foliage or
coloured inflorescence and small
inedible fruits full of seeds
typically suited for humid tropical climate
prevailing in Kerala
Need only less management
Can be grown with minimum inputs
11. Musa velutina
‘Pink velvet banana’ found growing wild in the
sub-tropical evergreen forests of Arunachal
Pradesh and Assam in India
The name “velutina” was derived from the
hairy, velvety nature of the beautiful pink
skinned fruits
On maturity the fruit peel splits and separates
into irregular strips from apex to base,
revealing a central mass of white flesh, filled
with black seeds
Fruit splits on maturity.
13. Musa aurantiaca
One of the most elegant members
of Rhodochlamys with bright orange colour buds
Found mostly in higher altitudes regions of
Arunachal Pradesh in India
Plant grows in clumps of 10-12 with 0.8-1 m
height
Under undisturbed conditions it flowers freely
without following the seasonal behavior
Four to five buds at one place give a false
appearance of forest flame.
15. Musa laterita
This species is native to North-East
India, Myanmar and Northern Thailand
Its cultivation is common as an
ornamental plant worldwide
The name “laterita” derives from the
colour of its bracts, which resemble the
brick-red tropical soil known as “laterite”.
17. Musa ornata
True form of this species only found in India
During 19th century it reached to central and
south America where it became naturalized
This species itself is not an especially variable
plant in itself but it hybridizes freely with other
species
As a result there are number of hybrids
derived from this species in the tropical
regions with lots of variability
19. Musa siamensis
Discovered from eastern Thailand in 2002
This species is called ‘Thai Gold’ by Thai
nursery people ,̒ChekMeas’ in Cambodia
Herb to 2.7m tall
Leaves mid green, leaf blades - 1.2m in
length
Inflorescence with pale creamy yellow -
lemon yellow bracts, younger bracts pale
yellow or very light green in some
specimens
Flowers yellow
21. Musa rosea
Originates in Cambodia
The inflorescence is short and erect with
red bracts
This species has been recently
reclassified and synonymised with Musa
ancgorensis (Hakkinen, 2006).
23. Musa mannii
Is native of Assam in India
Also called as ‘Assam Dwarf Banana’ or
‘Indian Dwarf Banana’
The slender pseudo stems are about 60-80
cm in height with profuse suckering habit
The leaves are green, with a narrow purple
boarder
Inflorescence is studded with large pale
purplish bracts and shorter yellow male
flowers
25. Musa rubra
This species is known as ‘Red dwarf
banana’
This beautiful dwarf species is native to
China, India, Burma and Thailand
It has wide leaves, reddish stems and
stunning red flowers
It is closely related to Musa laterita and
easily grown in tropical and warm
temperate regions.
26. Section Callimusa
Plant bears upright flower stalk with
variously coloured buds, flowers along
with the seeded fruit
28. Musa Coccinea
It is also called as scarlet banana or red
ornamental banana or red tourch banana
Plant bears inflorescence with more
rounded and clustered bracts of bright
orange to scarlet colour
Plants are dwarf less than 4 feet in height
with profuse suckers
This species is highly suitable for container
gardening as well as for screening purpose
as backdrop planting in the gardens.
30. Musa beccarii
Small banana from Borneo
Plant begins to flower when it is 1 to 1.5
m height
This species bears a narrow, erect,
elliptical, bright scarlet bud, with green-
tipped bracts
32. Musa campestris
This species is called as candy cane
banana
Native of Borneo and Malayan regions
This species bears large purple flowers
followed by white coloured fruits which
are striped with pink and purple strains
looks like a candy cane
Slender Pseudo stem with 1.5-2 m
height with profuse suckering habit.
34. Musa violascens
A fairly short ornamental species with
mauve coloured bud bracts often
confused with the species Musa ornate
Distributed in Malayan regions
Having slender pseudostem with 1-2m
height
40. CULTIVATION
Climate
Humid subtropical to semi-arid subtropics up
to 2500 m above mean sea level
temperature - 15-35°C
rainfall - 500-2000 mm/year
Require full sunshine
41. Temperature and wind
Temperature Requirement :
○ 26 – 28 0C - shoot growth
○ 29 – 30 0C - fruit growth
○ Growth is slowed down at 16 0C and stops at 10 0C
○ If temperature falls below 10 0C – chilling injury
Wind speed above 25 mph and 45 mph
may cause the tall and short cultivars to
topple
42. Soil
All kinds of soils having good drainage- In
sandy soils, plants grow faster
pH - 6.5-7.5 is optimum
43. Propagation
Musa and Musella- suckers
Ensete -main pseudostem of bananas is
monocarpic (it dies after flowering) -next
oldest sucker grows to replace it
Suckers or corms , seeds ,cut rhizomes
44. Planting
Pot and Pit methods
Pits- 60 cm3 - filled with a mixture of soil,
sand and farmyard manure -1:1:1
Sucker or seedling is planted in the center
of pit
Ornamental purpose bananas - 0.6-3m
apart
Dwarf statured plant species can be grown
in containers
Repotting - once in three years
45. Use of growth regulators
Paclobutrazol 0.25 mg/plant (Gaspar et
al, 1999) at end of hardening stage reduce
the plant height two months after
application
Ancymidol (ANC) or Paclobutrazol (PBZ)
in liquid culture media during multiplication
stage of bananas decreases the excessive
growth of stems and leaves
Soil application of Paclobutrazol reduces
the plant height by 25% without any
adverse effect on the flowering
47. Flowering and fruiting
Flowering in banana occurs after a
vegetative phase of leaf growth
Shoot apical meristem differentiates to an
inflorescence
Basal flowers – female
Distal flowers – male
Bracts subtend the flowers
48. By the time male flowers on
inflorescence are shedding pollen ,
female flowers no longer receptive
For seedset , synchronization of
flowering required
Rarely, basal flowers are functionally
hermaphrodite and can be self pollinated
to produce viable seeds- Musa velutina ,
Ensete spp
South East Asia and Africa are considered as a primary and secondary centers of diversity (Simmonds, 1962, 1966) for banana
Ensete ventricosum and its sub species like E. ventricosum Maurrelli (Abyssinian banana) and their dwarf types are suitable for home gardening.
Musella lasiocarpa- Chinese dwarf banana, golden lotus banana, Chinese yellow banana. 2500msl, winter hardy, 3 to 5 ft hight
Musa and Musella, form offsets freely from the rhizome (suckers) but Ensete almost never forms any, the main pseudostem of bananas is monocarpic (it dies after flowering) after which the next oldest sucker grows to replace it.
With most bananas, many pseudostems will grow at the same time and form a colony covering a small area. Since Ensete plants do not sucker it dies after flowering.
Ensete pare ropagated by seeds