Inflorescence
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A presentation about inflorescence of flowers.
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Inflorescence
- 2. Objectives • Identify the meaning of inflorescence. • Distinguish the type of flower through its structure
- 3. Inflorescence • The complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers.
- 4. 3 Types of Inflorescence Racemose Inflorescence (Indefinite) Cymose Inflorescence (Definite) Special Inflorescence
- 5. Racemose Inflorescence 1. Raceme 2. Spike 3. Catkin 4. Spadix 5. Corymb 6. Umbel 7. Head or Capitulum 8. Panicle
- 6. Raceme The flowers are borne on short pedicels lying along a common axis. Spike A spike is an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence, similar to a raceme, but bearing sessile flowers.
- 7. Catkin A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster, with inconspicuous or no petals. Spadix It is a type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem.
- 8. Corymb All the flowers are at the same level, with flower stalks of different lengths, forming a flat-topped flower cluster. Umbel All the flower stalks are of the same length, so that the flower head is rounded like an umbrella.
- 9. Capitulum It is composed of many separate unstalked flowers close together. Panicle The main axis of the flower is branched and the lateral branches bear the stalked flowers.
- 10. Cymose 1. Monochasial Cyme 2. Dichasial Cyme 3. Polychasial Cyme
- 11. Monochasial Cyme The terminal bud of main axis ends in flower. A single lateral branch pushes it to one side but also itself ends in a flower. The process is repeated. The peduncle is formed by the fusion of bases of axillary branches and the main axis. It is, therefore, sympodial.
- 12. Dichasial Cyme A terminal flower is subtended by two lateral branches which also end in flowers. The process is repeated. Inflorescence axis is multipodial.
- 13. Polychasial Cyme More than two lateral branches continue the growth of the inflorescence when the parent axis ends in a flower. Polychasial cyme generally occurs in the primary divisions. The later divisions often become dichasial followed by monochasial ones. As in biparous cyme, the inflorescence axis is multipodial
- 14. Special Inflorescence 1. Cyathium 2. Verticillaster 3. Hypanthodium
- 15. Cyathium An inflorescence consisting of a cup-shaped involucre enclosing an apetalous, pistillate flower surrounded by several staminate flowers.
- 16. Verticillaster A Verticillaster is a whorled inflorescence, where the flowers are borne in rings at intervals up the stem. The tip continues to grow, producing more whorls.
- 17. Hypanthodium An inflorescence with flowers borne on the walls of capitulum, as in Ficus.
Editor's Notes
- In this type, the main axis does not end in a flower, but grows continuously & develops flowers on its lateral sides in acropetal position. Having stalked flowers along an elongated stem that continue to open in succession from below as the stem continues to grow
- Raceme: main axis remains elongated & it bears laterally a number of stalked flowers. E.g. Lily of the Valley, Radish, Mustard Spike: Main axis remains elongated and the lower flowers are older E.g. Anise Hyssop, Amaranth
- Catkin: modified spike with a long and drooping axis bearing unisexual flowers E.g. Cattail, mulberry, birch Spadix: Has fleshy axis which remains enclosed by 1 or more large, often brightly colored bracts, spathes, etc E.g. Anthurium, palmaceae
- Corymb: Main axis remains comparatively short & lower flowers possess much longer stalks or pedicels E.g. Yarry, candytuft Umbel: Primary axis is relatively short, and bears at its tip a ground of flowers which possess pedicels or stalks of less equal lengths so that flowers are seen to spread out from a common point E.g. Nerine, Coriander
- Capitulum: the main axis or receptacle becomes suppressed and almost flat. E.g. Stinking Willie, Marigold, Zinia, Sunflower Panicle: E.g Rice flower, malunggay
- The growth of the main axis is ceased by the development of a flower at its apex and the lateral axis which develops the terminal flower also culminates in a flower and its growth is also ceased.
- Uniparous the main axis ends in a flower and it produces only one lateral branch at a time ending in a flower. The lateral succeeding branches again produce only one branch at a time like the primary one. E.g. begonia, Sundew, Cotton
- Biparous: The peduncle bears a terminal flower and stops growing. At the same time the peduncle produces two lateral younger flowers or two lateral branches; each of which terminates in a flower. E.g Pink, Jasmine, Teak
- Multiparous: Main axis culminates in a flower and at the same time it again produces a number of lateral flowers around. Oldest flower is in the center and it ends the main floral axis, E.g. Hamelia patens
- There is a single flower in the center surrounded by male flowers. Each flower is represented by a single stamen E.g. Poinsettia, Euphorbia milii(Christ plant)
- Consists of two clusters of flowers that develop from each of the two opposite axis of the leaves. Each cluster represents a dichasial cyme E.g. Turkish sage, salvia, ocimum
- Main axis develops in a cupular receptacle with an apical opening at the apex, both male and female flowers are present on the inner wall of cavity enclosed in a cupular structure E.g. ficus elastica, rubber tree flower