Origin of the solar system hypotheses
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The document discusses the Nebular Hypothesis of La Place, which proposes that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud or nebula of dust and gas. It states that as the nebula collapsed due to gravitational forces, the central mass formed the sun and the surrounding disk of matter cooled and condensed to form the planets in stable, circular orbits. The hypothesis is supported by observations of nebulae and protoplanetary disks found in the Orion Nebula. Criticisms of La Place's hypothesis are also mentioned.
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Origin of the solar system hypotheses
- 2. What will we read?
- 3. Other Theories & Models
- 4. Nebular Hypothesis of La Place
- 5. Assumption of La Place (Contd.)
- 6. Nebular Hypothesis of La Place (Contd.)
- 7. Criticisms of La Place
- 8. Criticism of La Place
- 9. The Nebular Hypothesis The solar system formed from a collapsed nebula 1734 by Emanuel Swedenborg Observations support this idea
- 10. Nebulae: step 1 Gas (98%) and dust (2%) Rotates and is held together by gravitational force
- 11. Step 2: The Nebula collapses The collapsed mass forms a proto-sun due to gravitational force Contraction increases speed of rotation: collapse
- 12. Step 3: sun is formed, disk cleared The disk is “cleared out” due to the immense amount of energy released. Sun is formed Dust and gases cool and condense in defined orbits around the sun
- 13. Nebula hypothesis: step 4- planet formation Temperature differences with respect to distance from sun Closer, where temperatures are higher, iron and silicates condense Farther, cooler, hydrogen, water condense material collides and accretes forming planetesimals (small planets)
- 14. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS b. Condensation of primordial dust. Forms disk-shaped nubular cloud rotating counter- clockwise. a. Supernova and formation of primordial dust cloud. c. Proto sun and planets begin to form. d. Accretion of planetesimals and differentiation of planets and moons. e. Existing solar system takes shape.
- 15. Evidence: Orion Nebula Third star down on Orion’s belt 100 light years across (1 light year equals 6 trillion miles) Reflection of dust and hydrogen
- 16. Evidence: Collapsed nebulae discs found in the Orion nebula Gaseous disks are circling proto-suns 2-17 times larger than our solar system About 153 protoplanetary disks found in the Orion Nebula
- 19. Tidal Hypothesis
- 20. Tidal Hypothesis
- 21. Criticisms
- 32. Criticism of Inter-Stellar Dust Hypothesis
- 33. Criticism of Inter-Stellar Dust Hypothesis
- 34. Let’s Sum Up!
Editor's Notes
- 1. ) Planets and moons revolve in a counter-clockwise direction (not random). 2. ) Almost all planets and moons rotate on their axis in a counter-clockwise direction. 3. ) Planetary orbits are aligned along the sun’s equatorial plane (not randomly organized).
- incandescent=Emitting light as a result of being heated
- As a result of a detailed mathematical analysis, Jeans concluded in 1916 that the tidal interaction between the Sun and a passing star would raise tides on the Sun resulting in the loss of a single cigar-shaped filament of hot gas, rather than separate streams of gas as in the Chamberlin and Moulton scenario. This hot gas would then condense directly into the planets instead of going through a planetesimal stage. The central section of the "cigar" would give rise to the largest planets – Jupiter and Saturn – while the tapering ends would provide the substance for the smaller worlds.