The document traces the origin and development of the nation state system from the 16th century to present day. It discusses the rise of early nation states in Europe like Portugal, Spain, Britain and France. Key events and agreements that shaped the nation state system include the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), Utrecht Treaty (1713), Congress of Vienna (1815), and the two World Wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945) which led to the dissolution of old empires and emergence of new nation states. The modern nation state is characterized by territoriality, a sense of nationality, sovereignty, and equal recognition under international law.

1. Origin and Journey of the Nation State System Mid 16 th century developments in in Europe led to declaim of old controls( of Roman Empire of Church) Search for NEW IDENTITY began and thus came the idea of NATION in to the picture. Portugal, Spain, Britain ,France were the early beginners as Monarchic States ( fre from Holy roman empire)

2. The Rise of Monarchial Nation States: 1500 - 1700

3. Prime Characteristics of the Nation States Growing Bureaucratization: More and more was the need to have a centralized state. Existence of a Permanent Mercenary Army: Due to the wars, people wanted armies. Growing need to tax: In order to pay for the armies and for the wars, monarchy needed taxes.

4. Consequence of raise of Nation State Balance Power has shifted as each new nation state want to expand its sphere of Influence Search for new territories has started The Ideas of Individualism and reason stated to get impetus. Colonization began to take shape

5. Examples of an expansion :16th Century Spanish Empire

6. Phases of Development of Nation State Treaty of Westphalia 1648 Utrecht Treaty 1713 Congress of Vienna 1815 First World War 1914-19 Second World War 1939-1945 From 1945 onwords

7. Europe During The Treaty of Westphalia 1648

8. Simplified image Europe in 1648 Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixels

9. By the time of Treaty of Westphalia ( which is in modern day Germany) England, France, Spain and Swedon were great powers Denmark( with Norway) ,Holland, Portugal and Switzerland were small powers Russia was yet to become power full Treaty ended thirty war within the holy roman empire and eighty years rivalry between Spain and Dutch republic

10. Consequences of Treaty of Westphalia General recognition of the exclusive sovereignty of each party over its lands, people, and agents abroad, was recognised Gave way to religious freedom: The Kingdoms were free to follow Catholicism, Lutheranism or Calvinism

11. Europe in 1713 during Utrecht Treaty

12. Utrecht Treaty (Utretcht is A Dutch city) Colonial supremacy fights for western hemisphere were on Paved way for alliances and the balance of power as the basis of future of Nation state system Treaties were signed between Spain, France, England ,Dutch republic etc. After this treaty till the French revolution(1789) and Raise of Napoleon Old balance of power continued in Europe

13. World between 1700 -1763 Colonies

14. Europe During Treaty of Vienna 1815

15. The principal negotiators At Vienna Congress Austria - Metternich Prussia- Hardenberg and von Humbolt Russia - Nesselrode and Rasoumoffski Great Britain- Castlereagh, and later, Wellington France - Talleyrand and Dalberg

16. Significance of Congress of Vienna -1 The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary wars, and the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire The Congress of Vienna was seen as the first f a series of Congresses. Diplomats felt that they should 'stick together' in peacetime to preserve the peace Adopted a fair policy of no great rewards and no great punishments Gave a balanced settlement which ensured no major conflict for forty years (the Crimean War,1854-6) and then until 1914

17. Significance of Congress of Vienna-2 The Congress of Vienna settlement, despite later changes, formed the framework for European international politics until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. In February 1815, the Congress condemned the slave trade as inconsistent with civilization and human rights. Restored monarchies across Europe Ignored demands for greater democracy and nationalism; this led to the majority of conflicts in the Nineteenth Century, between and within countries( thus ignited Liberal National Revolutions of 1848 Across Europe)

18. Europe in 1850

19. Italian Unification by 1870

20. Unification of Germany 1866-71

21. Europe in 1900

22. From 1815 to 1914 The Russian attempt to expand west words was stopped by Crimea war(1854-56) by Britain and France Germany became united and started as a new power player in 1870 Italy followed the immediately Development of these new powers led to a a search for new balance of power in Europe Many central American countries got independence from Spanish control.

23. Two world wars and nation states The first worked war spell the doom of old empires( Ottoman , astro hungarian empire) and paved way for emergence of many nation states form the empire. Russsia in the form of USSR could still hold many nationalities in in its fold . Yugoslavia is an exaple for a emergence of new state, After the second world warie after 1945 war many nations in Africa Asia got independence thus le to the in thglobe

24. Essential nature of modern nation sate Territoriality Sense of nationality Sovereignty Equal recognition in the community of nations Recognition of international law

25. 1914 Ethnolinguistic Map of Europe

26. Napoleon's Empire

27. Austro Hungarian empire

28. Ottoman empire1174-1914

29. 1914 Political Map of Europe

31. World Map 1914

32. World in 1945

33. Current World Map