- Diplomacy involves negotiation between states and helps maintain international relations and prevent conflict.
- The origins of modern diplomacy can be traced back to the city-states of Northern Italy in the 13th century, which established permanent embassies.
- Key aspects of modern diplomacy like credentials for ambassadors began in Italy and spread to other parts of Europe over subsequent centuries.
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Introduction to National Interest, it's Nature, Definition, and Types.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics in detail.
1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INTEREST.
2. NATURE OF NATIONAL INTEREST.
3. VARIOUS DEFINTIONS OF NATIONAL INTEREST
4. NINE MAIN TYPES OF NATIONAL INTEREST
(1. PRIMARY INTERESTS)
(2. SECONDARY INTERESTS)
(3. PERMANENT INTERESTS)
(4. VARIABLE INTERESTS)
(5. GENERAL INTERESTS)
(6. SPECIFIC INTERESTS)
(7. IDENTICAL INTERESTS)
(8. COMPLEMENTARY INTERESTS)
(9. CONFLICTING INTERESTS)
...That's all....
IF SOMEONE NEEDS A CUSTOM PPT PRESENTATION...FEEL FREE TO MESSAGE US ON WHATSAPP (+923104826711)
....Thank you.
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Introduction to National Interest, it's Nature, Definition, and Types.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics in detail.
1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INTEREST.
2. NATURE OF NATIONAL INTEREST.
3. VARIOUS DEFINTIONS OF NATIONAL INTEREST
4. NINE MAIN TYPES OF NATIONAL INTEREST
(1. PRIMARY INTERESTS)
(2. SECONDARY INTERESTS)
(3. PERMANENT INTERESTS)
(4. VARIABLE INTERESTS)
(5. GENERAL INTERESTS)
(6. SPECIFIC INTERESTS)
(7. IDENTICAL INTERESTS)
(8. COMPLEMENTARY INTERESTS)
(9. CONFLICTING INTERESTS)
...That's all....
IF SOMEONE NEEDS A CUSTOM PPT PRESENTATION...FEEL FREE TO MESSAGE US ON WHATSAPP (+923104826711)
....Thank you.
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
Russian Diplomacy Essay
Essay about Dollar Diplomacy
Diplomacy Versus Military Action Essay
Diplomacy Is Diplomacy
Soft Power Approach To Public Diplomacy
Future of Diplomacy
Diplomacy Of Imperialism
the topic of the presentation is the China Factors on Myanmar that focus on the China-Myanmar Relations history and analysis on current challenges among the Burmese.
Especially, this article focus on opinion article writing methods that included three C: Classification, Comparative and Contradiction. That is my way. I am Burmese Writer for social reform.
Strategic loaction of myanmar by min thaytaungkokotoe
Strategic Location of Myanmar
Where China meet in India
Myanmar Geographical Location between China and India
International Case Study
Developmental Study related to geopolitical factors
Geopolitics
Theory and Concept
Mapping Study
Myanmar Geographical Factors
Key Characteristics of Geopolitics
Location, Size, Natural Resources, Climate, Population, Demography
The Cause of Opinion on Chinese migration in Myanmar, Between Myanmar and China that will be social conflict because of the gap of rich and poor. The Chinese fever for Myanmar People lie along the historical experience in the past.
About Arab Spring
the role of ICC in the Arab World especially Middle East
ICC overcoming bias for their engagement on the conflict resolution
ICC and Arab Spring
How Nationalism ?
About the opinion on Burmese Nationalism and Buddhist Nationalism
Methods of Nationalist Propaganda for the Public
In Myanmar, it is analysis on Nationalist behavior
About the Burmese Nationalism
About the rise of Nationalism in Burma
About the Nationalist Movement during the period of the struggle for independence in Myanmar
Brief History of National League for Democracy (Burmese)aungkokotoe
Describe the brief history and the stand point of National League for Democracy in Myanmar's political History.
This paper is the thesis paper of a student of International relations diploma class in Mandalay University.
Describe the key concept and process of critical thinking especially shows six level of critical thinking. The purpose of paper is able to summarize and conclude for critical thinking.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
3. Modern diplomacy's origins are often traced to the states
of Northern Italy in the early Renaissance, with the first
embassies being established in the thirteenth century.
Francesco Sforza who established permanent embassies
to the other cities states of Northern Italy. It was in Italy
that many of the traditions of modern diplomacy began,
such as the presentation of an ambassador's credentials
to the head of state.
France and Spain became increasingly involved in Italian
politics the need to accept emissaries was recognized.
The elements of modern diplomacy slowly spread to
Eastern Europe and arrived in Russia by the early
eighteenth century.
History of Diplomacy
4. • Napoleon also refused to acknowledge diplomatic
immunity.
• After the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna of
1815 established an international system of
diplomatic rank. Disputes on precedence among
nations (and the appropriate diplomatic ranks used)
• Permanent foreign ministries were established in
almost all European states to coordinate embassies
and their staffs.
• France, which boasted the largest foreign affairs
department, had only 70 full-time employees in the
1780s.
5. Diplomacy
Definitions of
Diplomacy
The Management of International Relations By
Negotiation.
The application of intelligence and tact to the
conduct of Official relations between
governments of independent States.
Recent Diplomatic practice by Non-state
Actors; IOs, Human Rights Groups and MNCs
6. Diplomacy
Introduction of
Diplomacy
The process of Conducting Communication
among States through Officially Recognized
Representatives
A major dimension of Foreign Policy with
Foreign Ministers and their Diplomats living
abroad
The Brain of State Power. (Not Brain of the
State)
7. What is Diplomacy
“Diplomacy is neither the invention nor the
pastime of some particular political system,
but is an essential element in any reasonable
relation between man and man and between
nation and nation.”
8. Diplomacy
Diplomacy Main Two Works
1. Negotiation
ေးဆဆ ေးး ြးး ညးး း းင္း း ခင္း
2. Bargaining ေေပ - ေယူ
• Negotiation
• The diplomat should be an excellent negotiator but,
above all, a catalyst for peace and understanding
between peoples. The diplomat's principal role is to
foster peaceful relations between states. This role takes
on heightened importance once war breaks out.
Negotiation must necessarily continue but within
significantly altered contexts.
• Without it many nations would not be able to conduct
successful negotiations.
9. Value of Diplomacy
Value of Diplomacy
A cost-effective way of head off problems
such Wars and Trade Conflicts
10. Origin of Diplomacy
Origin of Diplomacy
The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 created the first
modern diplomatic congress in addition to
creating a new world order in central Europe
based on state sovereignty. Much of Europe
began to change after the introduction of
modern diplomacy.
The Congress of Vienna, 1815
11. Treaties Governing Diplomatic
Relations Vienna
Convention on Diplomatic Relations - 1961
• Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations -
1963
• Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
Convention on Special Missions - 1969
• Convention on Special Missions
13. Form of Diplomacy
Most Diplomacy Bilateral Diplomacy
The Rise of Multilateral Diplomacy since 19th Century
Multilateral Conferences
UN Conference of Population and Development
(Cairo, 1994)
UN World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995)
-country representatives try to move toward
agenda setting programs for international society
- non-state actors attempt to influence the rules
and norms of any agreements made
14. Traditional Diplomacy Old
diplomacy
Modern Diplomacy New diplomacy
Old or Traditional Diplomacy till the
end of 18th Century Bilateral
Diplomacy
Modern Diplomacy the 19th Century <
Multilateral Diplomacy
16. Feature of Traditional Diplomacy
- a communication process between recognizably
modern states rather than other forms of political
organization
- Europe - centric
-The main actors ; the Five Big Powers (England,
France, Prussia, Austria
,Spain)
- Most of Asia, Africa and Latin America
Structur
e
17. - Organizing Largely on a Bilateral basis
- Undertaking in secrecy characterized by distinctive
rules and Procedures
- The Development of Diplomatic Protocol and a
series of rights, privileges and immunities
Feature of Traditional Diplomacy
Proces
s
18. Feature of Traditional Diplomacy
- Parochial and Narrow
-Set up by the underdeveloped State of bilateral
relationships between States
- the preoccupations of Political Leaders
- The signification contribution of Traditional
Diplomacy >>>> the century of Peace in Europe b/t
1815 - 1914
Agend
a
19. Feature of Modern Diplomacy
- The Major Actors States
- Non-state actors like IGOs and NGOs
- Well-establishment of permanent Embassies
abroad
Structur
e
20. Feature of Modern Diplomacy
- Becoming a more complicated activity involving
States and Non-state Actors
- Bilateral negotiations on a state to state basis
- Multilateral Negotiation of groups of States in IGOs
like the UN and with other NGOs
Proces
s
21. Agend
a
Feature of Modern Diplomacy
A number of new issues;
- Low Politics (Economic, Social and Welfare)
- High Politics (Military Issues and issues of
War and Peace)
22. Functions of Diplomacy
These Functions Focus on the Diplomatic crops headed by an
Ambassador
Representing State
Interest
Symbolic Representation
Obtaining Information
Promoting and Protecting
the Interests of Nations
Policymaking by
Diplomats
23. • Diplomacy has existed since the beginning of the human race.
• The act of conducting negotiations between two persons, or
two nations at a large scope is essential to the upkeep of
international affairs.
• Among the many functions of diplomacy, some include
preventing war and violence, and fortifying relations between
two nations.
• Diplomacy is most importantly used to complete a specific
agenda.
• Therefore without diplomacy, much of the world’s affairs would
be abolished, international organizations would not exist, and
above all the world would be at a constant state of war.
• It is for diplomacy that certain countries can exist in harmony.
Functions of Diplomacy
24. First Function of Diplomacy
• The first function involves “representing a state’s interests and
conducting negotiations or discussions designed to identify
common interests as well as areas of disagreement between the
parties, for the purpose of achieving the state’s goals and avoiding
conflict”
• Representations of a state as well as negotiation are the most
important functions of diplomacy.
• Negotiations between two representatives are a key component in
diplomacy, because in doing so the representatives find a common
interest.
• Finding a common interest is vital in conducting negotiations
because with a common interest representatives are able to devise
a solution that is in the interest of both sides.
25. Second Function of Diplomacy
• The second function of diplomacy involves “the
gathering of information and subsequent
identification and evaluation of the receiving
state’s foreign policy goals” (Ameri 1).
• Diplomatic posts are concerned with gathering
information; however when the information is
sent back to their native country a Foreign
Ministry analyzes the data and determines what
foreign policy should be enacted. Political leaders
choose what path is right for their country then.
26. Third Function of Diplomacy
• The third major function of diplomacy is
expansion of political, economic, and cultural ties
between two countries (Ameri 2).
• For example, after WWII countries such as the
United States and Britain aimed their foreign
policy at the extermination of communism. In
present day, the United States State Department
engages international audiences to speak about
politics, security, and their values to help create
an environment receptive to US national
interests.
27. Final or Fourth Function of Diplomacy
• Finally, the fourth function of diplomacy is
that “diplomacy is the facilitating or enforcing
vehicle for the observation of international
law” (Ameri 2).
• It is the diplomat’s job to promote the
country’s national interests and keep ties with
other countries open.
28. • Embassy
A diplomatic mission located in the capital city of another country which generally offer a full
range of services, including consular services.
• High Commission
An embassy of a Commonwealth country located in another Commonwealth country.
• Permanent Mission
A diplomatic mission to a major international organization.
• Consulate General
A diplomatic mission located in a major city, other than the capital city, which provides a full
range of services, including consular services.
• Consulate
A diplomatic mission that is similar to a consulate general, but which does not provide a full
range of services.
• Consulate Headed by Honorary Consul
A diplomatic mission headed by an Honorary Consul which provides only a limited range of
services.
Types of Diplomatic Missions
29. Diplomatic privileges and
immunities
Diplomatic privileges and immunities guarantee
that diplomatic agents or members of their
immediate family:
• May not be arrested or detained
• May not have their residences entered and
searched
• May not be subpoenaed as witnesses
• May not be prosecuted
30. Henry A. Kissinger
German-born American
political scientist and
diplomat Henry Kissinger
won the Nobel Peace Prize
for his joint efforts with
Le Duc Tho of North
Vietnam to negotiate a
peaceful settlement of the
Vietnam War. He served as
National Security Advisor
and Secretary of State for
both Richard Nixon and
Gerald Ford. Kissinger
played a significant role in
United States foreign policy
between 1969 and 1977.
NAME: Henry Kissinger
OCCUPATION: Diplomat, Political
Scientist
BIRTH DATE: May 27, 1923 (Age: 90)
EDUCATION: Harvard University
PLACE OF BIRTH: Furth, Germany
Full Name: Henry Alfred Kissinger
ZODIAC SIGN: Gemini
31. A Diplomat
• A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to
conduct diplomacy with another state or
international organization.
• The main functions of diplomats revolve around
the representation and protection of the
interests and nationals of the sending state, as
well as the promotion of information and
friendly relations.
32. The Ranks of Diplomats
• ambassador, envoys, ministers, and chargé
d’affaires — are determined by international
law, namely the Vienna Convention on
Diplomatic Relations of 1961.
• Diplomats can be contrasted with consuls,
attachés, who represent their state in a
number of administrative ways, but who don’t
have the diplomat’s political functions.
33. သံရံးိုး တာဝန္ခံမူက ြဲ (၂) မ
Charge d’ affaires en titre
သံရံို ေ မြဲတမ္း တာဝန္ခံမာ
Charge d’ affaires ad interim
သံရံို ယာယတာဝန္ခံမာ
1. Ambassador
သံေမတၾ
2. Envoy သံေမတ္
3. Minister Resident
ဌာေးနသံမ
4. Charge d’ affaires
သံရံးိုး တာဝန္ခံ
Traditional
Diplomacy
34. Modern Diplomacy
Bilateral Diplomacy
1. Ambassador (High Commissioner in
Commonwealth missions)
2. Minister သံေမတ္
3. Minister-Counselor သံမ ၾက
4. Counselor ေး ာငစစ္ဝန္ (သံမ )
5. First Secretary ပထမ ေဆတင္း ဝန္
6. Second Secretary ဒိုတယေဆတင္း ဝန္
7. Third Secretary တတယေဆတင္း ဝန္
8. Attache’ သံမ
9. Assistant Attache’ လ ္ေးထာ သ ံမ
36. • Ask about educational requirements, like professional
degrees, preferred fields of study and whether you
must become proficient in other languages.
• Learn as many different languages as you can.
• Know about other qualifications, such as whether you
must be a natural born citizen and whether you must
meet certain age requirements. For example,
applicants in the United States must be between the
ages of 21 and 59.
• Most diplomats have university degrees in
international relations, political science, economics, or
law.[2]
How to become a Diplomat
37. Consider your personal qualifications.
• Assess your physical readiness. Diplomats must receive medical
clearance that they are able to travel broadly and live in areas with
limited access to healthcare facilities.
• Determine whether you would pass security clearance.
Governments perform background checks to confirm that
applicants have no criminal background, are financially responsible
and have not abused drugs or alcohol.
• Decide whether you possess the right temperament to relocate to
any country your government sends you to and to uphold your
government’s policies even though you may not agree with them.
• Reflect on your ability to speak effectively through an interpreter
and your ability to negotiate and persuade without antagonizing
others. Diplomats also must be able to adapt to living among
people of diverse cultures
38. Non – Spiritual Mindset For a
Diplomat
• While posted overseas, there is a danger that
diplomats may become disconnected from
their own country and culture.
• Sir Harold Nicolson acknowledged that
diplomats can become "denationalised,
internationalised and therefore dehydrated,
an elegant empty husk".
39. Skill For a Diplomat
• The need for skilled individuals to staff embassies was met by
the graduates of universities, and this led to an increase in the
study of international law, modern languages.
• diplomats the capacity for more immediate input about the
policy-making processes in the home capital by secure
communication systems, emails and mobile telephones.
• for taken Information, Known Journalism.
• Must be change Color in appropriate place as vase-visa.
40. Foreign Embassy in Myanmar (Yangon)
1. Australia
2. Bangladesh
3. China
4. Egypt
5. Germany
6. India
7. Indonesia
8. Israel
9. Italy
10. Japan
11. Korea
12. Laos
13. Malaysia
14. Nepal
15. Paskistan
16. Philippines
17. Russian Federation
18. Singapore
19. Sri Lanka
20. Thailand
21. U K
22. U S A
23. Vietnam