very use ful for management students, with this slide you will learn communication an d it s relevance with leadership

1. COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP

2. COMMUNICATION
• Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person
or group to another.
• The transmission of the message from sender to recipient can be affected by a huge
range of things which include our
• emotions,
• the cultural situation,
• the medium used to communicate,
• and even our location.
• The complexity is why good communication skills are considered so desirable by
employers around the world: accurate, effective and unambiguous communication is
actually extremely hard.

3. PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
• Flow of Information
• The relevant information must flow continuously from top to bottom and vice versa. The
staff at all levels must be kept informed about the organizational objectives and other
developments taking place in the organization.
• Coordination
• It is through communication the efforts of all the staff working in the organisation can be
coordinated for the accomplishment of the organisational goals.
• Learning Management Skills
• The communication facilitates flow of information, ideas, beliefs, perception, advice,
opinion, orders and instructions etc. both ways which enable the managers and other
supervisory staff to learn managerial skills through experience of others

4. PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
• Preparing People to Accept Change
• The proper and effective communication is an important tool in the hands of management of
any organisation to bring about overall change in the organisational policies, procedures and
work style and make the staff to accept and respond positively
• Developing Good Human Relations
• Managers and workers and other staff exchange their ideas, thoughts and perceptions with
each other through communication. This helps them to understand each other better.
• Ideas of Subordinates Encouraged
• The communication facilitates inviting and encouraging the ideas from subordinates on
certain occasions on any task. This will develop creative thinking. Honoring subordinates’
ideas will further motivate them for hard work and a sense of belonging to the organisation
will be developed.

5. SHORT A/V ON WHY COMMUNICATION NEEDS TO BE CLEAR

6. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
• Verbal
• Verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information through speaking
• presentations, video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations.
• Use a strong, confident speaking voice
• Use active listening
• Avoid filler words
• Nonverbal
• Nonverbal communication is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions to
convey information to others. It can be used both intentionally and unintentionally.
• Nonverbal communication is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and
feelings.
• Notice how your emotions feel physically
• Be intentional about your nonverbal communications
• Mimic nonverbal communications you find effective

7. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
• Written
• Written communication is the act of writing, typing or printing symbols like letters and
numbers to convey information. It is helpful because it provides a record of information for
reference.
• Writing is commonly used to share information through books, pamphlets, blogs, letters,
memos and more. Emails and chats are a common form of written communication in the
workplace.
• Strive for simplicity
• Take time to review your written communications
• Keep a file of writing you find effective or enjoyable
• Visual
• Visual communication is the act of using photographs, art, drawings, sketches, charts and
graphs to convey information. Visuals are often used as an aid during presentations to
provide helpful context alongside written and/or verbal communication.
• Ask others before including visuals
• Consider your audience

8. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
• transmission of information
• cyclic
• begins with the sender
• ends with the sender
• feedback
• continuous and dynamic interaction

9. ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS
• Sender
• Message
• Encoding
• Channel
• Decoding
• Receiver
• Feedback

10. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Semantic or Language Barriers

11. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Physical Barriers

12. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Personal Barriers

13. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Status
Barriers

14. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
• Organizational Structure Barriers
• Barriers Due to Inadequate Attention
• Premature Evaluation
• Emotional Attitude
• Resistance to Change
• Barriers Due to Lack of Mutual Trust
• Other Barriers such as un-clarified assumptions, lack of ability to
communicate, mirage of too much knowledge of closed minds,
communication overload, shortage of time

15. CONSEQUENCES OF BARRIERS
• Inaction
• Misinterpretation
• Bad Work Relationships
• Lack of Knowledge

16. 7C’S OF COMMUNICATION

17. • Clear: The message should be clear and easily understandable to the recipient. The
purpose of the communication should be clear to sender then only the receiver will be
sure about it. The message should emphasize on a single goal at a time and shall not
cover several ideas in a single sentence.
• Correct: The message should be correct, i.e. a correct language should be used, and
the sender must ensure that there is no grammatical and spelling mistakes. Also, the
message should be exact and well-timed. The correct messages have a greater impact
on the receiver and at the same time, the morale of the sender increases with the
accurate message.
• Complete: The message should be complete, i.e. it must include all the relevant
information as required by the intended audience. The complete information gives
answers to all the questions of the receivers and helps in better decision-making by
the recipient.

18. • Concrete: The communication should be concrete, which means the message should be
clear and particularly such that no room for misinterpretation is left. All the facts and
figures should be clearly mentioned in a message so as to substantiate to whatever the
sender is saying.
• Concise: The message should be precise and to the point. The sender should avoid the
lengthy sentences and try to convey the subject matter in the least possible words. The
short and brief message is more comprehensive and helps in retaining the receiver’s
attention.
• Consideration: The sender must take into consideration the receiver’s opinions,
knowledge, mindset, background, etc. in order to have an effective communication. In
order to communicate, the sender must relate to the target recipient and be involved.
• Courteous: It implies that the sender must take into consideration both the feelings
and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive and focused at the
audience. The message should not be biased and must include the terms that show
respect for the recipient.

19. ORAL COMMUNICATION
• Oral communication is the form of verbal communication, which
conveys the message from the sender to the receiver through the
stated word.
• Oral communication is a two-way process, as it provides a clear
insight about the meaning to the message, and the message
transmitted and the feedback is immediate.
• spoken words
• Message
• Pitch and tone

20. NATURE OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
• Oral communication does not require much planning. It requires appropriate
Para-linguistic features like tone, pitch, register, facial expressions, gestures
and body language. Effective oral communication depends on purpose of the
message.
• For oral communication to be effective, it should be clear, relevant, tactful in
phraseology and tone, concise, and informative. Presentations or conversations
that bear these hallmarks can be an invaluable tool in ensuring business health
and growth. Unclear, inaccurate, or inconsiderate business communication, on
the other hand, can waste valuable time, alienate employees or customers, and
destroy goodwill toward management or the overall business.

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
1. Pre Planned-
2. Certainty-
3. Conciseness-
4. Attractive presentation-
5. Consideration of
Audience
6. Neutrality
7. Realistic
8. Free from error
9. Patience
10.Free from emotion

22. BODY LANGUAGE & CONFIDENCE BUILDING
• Body language is the unspoken element of communication that we use to reveal our
true feelings and emotions. Our gestures, facial expressions and posture, for
instance.
• When we are able to "read" these signs, we can use it to our advantage. For example,
it can help us to understand the complete message of what someone is trying to say
to us, and to enhance our awareness of people's reactions to what we say and do.
• We can also use it to adjust our own body language so that we appear more positive,
engaging and approachable.

23. • How to Read Negative Body Language
• Being aware of negative body language in
others can allow you to pick up on unspoken
issues or bad feelings. So, in this section,
we'll highlight some negative nonverbal
signals that you should look out for.
• How to Project Positive Body Language
• When you use positive body language, it can
add strength to the verbal messages or ideas
that you want to convey, and help you to
avoid sending mixed or confusing signals.

24. BUILDING CONFIDENCE
• Have an open posture. Be relaxed, but don't slouch! Sit or stand upright
and place your hands by your sides.
• Use a firm handshake. But don't get carried away! You don't want it to
become awkward or, worse, painful for the other person.
• Maintain good eye contact. Try to hold the other person's gaze for a few
seconds at a time. This will show her that you're sincere and engaged.
• Avoid touching your face. There's a common perception that people who
touch their faces while answering questions are being dishonest.

25. KEY POINTS
• Negative body language includes:
• Folded arms.
• Tense facial expression.
• Body turned away from you.
• Poor eye contact.
• Positive body language includes:
• Open body position (arms unfolded).
• Upright posture.
• Relaxed and open facial expression.
• Arms hanging relaxed by the sides.
• Regular eye contact.

26. GROUP DISCUSSION
• Group: A group, in the context of organizational communication, is defined as a collection of
individuals who interact with each other, accept expectations and obligations as members of the
group and share a common identity. Group activities have certain advantages and
disadvantages.
• Discussion: A discussion is understood as an activity of sitting and talking about a specific
subject. The word ‘discuss’ has been derived from the latin root ‘discutere’, which means to
shake or strike. Thus ‘discussion’ refers to thoroughly shaking up the subject, that is, examining
it thoroughly to reach a conclusion.
• Group discussions are a creative and dynamic activity which stimulates reflective thinking
among the members. Group discussions may be defined as an activity in which a small number
of persons meet face to face and exchange and share ideas freely or attempt to reach a
decision on a common issue.

27. DO’S OF GROUP DISCUSSION
• Speak pleasantly and politely in the group.
• Respect and recognize the contribution of every member and represent it with a nod or a
smile.
• Agree and acknowledge whatever you find interesting.
• Disagree politely because it is a discussion and not an argument.
• Do a mental revision of what you are going to say. Think of how you can best answer the
question or contribute to the topic.
• Stick to the theme of discussion and not get engaged in other irrelevant discussions.
• Follow etiquettes while speaking.
• Be confident.

28. DON’TS OF GROUP DISCUSSION
• Don’t lose your temper. It is a group discussion, not an argument.
• Don’t speak loudly or aggressively. Always use a moderate tone and a medium pitch.
• Don’t do gestures like finger pointing and table thumping. This can appear aggressive, so
limit your body gestures.
• Don’t dominate the discussion. As confident speakers should allow the quieter, a chance
to speak up and contribute to the discussion.
• Don’t draw too much on personal experience.
• Don’t interrupt when someone else is speaking. Wait for a speaker to finish before you
speak.

29. HOW TO START A GD
• Communicate fluently
• Relevant content
• Questions and quotes
• Time efficient

30. HOW TO ENTER THE GD IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE DISCUSSION
• Listen intently
• Target the low points
• Continue where the participants have left
• Express dissent

31. HOW TO STAY ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE GD
• Bring new ideas
• Be perceptive
• Stay on track
• Be convincing

32. HOW TO CONCLUDE THE GD
• Summarise all the points
• Be concise
• Closure argument

33. LISTENING
• Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the
communication process.
• Listening is key to all effective communication. Without the ability to listen
effectively, messages are easily misunderstood. As a result, communication breaks
down and the sender of the message can easily become frustrated or irritated.
• Understanding the different listening styles and when to use them can help build
your communication skills and make you a better listener.

34. TYPES OF LISTENING (EFFECTIVE)
• Comprehensive listening- Comprehensive listening is when you make judgments based on
what the other person says and determine the truthfulness of the statements you hear.
• Discriminative listening- This type of listening involves identifying the difference between
tones and sounds to figure out how these differences may affect the entire meaning of a
sentence.
• Critical listening- Critical listening is an important type of listening because it requires you
to listen to a message and assess whether the message and the speaker are trustworthy.
• Full listening- When you pay careful attention to what the other person is saying, it is
called full listening. This type of listening is where you aim to fully understand what the
content of the conversation is.
• Deep listening- Deep listening is more involved than full listening. Deep listening requires
you and the other speaker to understand each other’s sides

35. TYPES OF LISTENING (IN-EFFECTIVE)
• Selective listening- This type is when you only address certain aspects of what the other
person has said in order to filter the message to more quickly understand its intent. This
type of listening may impact your ability to understand every detail, which may lead to
miscommunications.
• Partial listening- Partial listening is when you have the intention to listen to another
person but are distracted. This keeps you from hearing the other person completely. Stray
thoughts might have gotten in the way, or you heard something the other person said and
began a response in your mind.
• False listening- False listening is when you pretend you are listening to the other person
but are not really comprehending what you are hearing. These listeners may show they
understand by smiling, nodding and grunting when they think it is appropriate. This type
of listening may impact your ability to be effective in your job.

36. LISTENING STRATEGIES
• Be Attentive
• Ask Questions
• Don’t Interrupt Unnecessarily
• Use Body Language
• Empathize
• Take notes

37. READING
• Reading is an activity characterized by the translation of symbols or letters, into
words and sentences that have meaning to the individual. The ultimate goal of
reading is to be able to understand written material, to evaluate it, and to use it for
one's needs.
• Reading is defined as a cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at
meaning. Reading is an active process of constructing meanings of words.
• Reading with a purpose helps the reader to direct information towards a goal and
focuses their attention.

38. • It was in the year 1969, that the son of a small farmer and a qualified Science graduate, Karsanbhai Patel,
was trying to mix soda ash and a few ingredients to make a detergent produce. One fine day, he got the
formula right and it was then that he started producing detergents in the 100 sq ft backyard of his home as
an after office business.
• He would cycle through the neighbourhoods, selling the homemade detergent packets from door to door.
Patel priced his detergent at Rs. 3, which was almost one-third the price of a well-established brand ‘Surf’
by Hindustan Unilever. The good quality and low price made the product a hit and it was accepted by
people who found great value in buying the product. Seeing the high potential of the business, three years
later, Karsanbhai left his government job to pursue it as a full-time venture.
• The product was close to Karsanbhai’s heart and he decided to name it ‘Nirma’ – the nickname of his
daughter Nirupama. He also put her illustration (girl in the white frock) on the pack and TV commercials
just to make sure that everybody remembers her. Such was the love of a father for his daughter.
• Though Karsanbhai Patel was a not an MBA graduate himself, the tactics he followed to grow his business,
had left marketers bewildered and amazed. ‘Nirma’ not only proved to be a game changer but a trend setter
for many small businesses.
ACTIVITY
Source- https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2016/10/washing-powder-nirma-success-story/

39. TYPES OF READING
• Extensive Reading: This means reading for pleasure and relaxation. A reader can take any
topic of interest and get indulged in self-appeasement. The purpose is to enjoy. Since our
childhood, we have been reading comic books, stories, tales, novels and now general studies or
specific interest books or other publications. There is no binding on us to read them and
appear in some examination. This type of reading does not carry any accountability on the
part of the reader and doesn’t invade his pleasure of reading.
• Intensive Reading: As the term, itself states, Intensive is ‘in depth. This type of reading is
careful reading with the utmost concern for the understanding of the text in hand. This related
more to the academic reading that we talk of today and consider as the primary goal of a
student. One reads for details and for the collection of information. It is for ‘knowledge’.
Specialisation happens through this type of reading. Research Papers, Term Papers. Oral
Reports or Project Assignments are prepared and submitted through this reading.

40. GROUP COMMUNICATION
• Families, friendship circles, work teams, committees, and sports teams are all examples
of groups. Individuals belong to many types of groups. The quality of people's everyday
lives depends in important ways on the groups to which they belong.
• Much of the work and many of the decisions that shape the world depend on the actions
that groups take. Groups are important because they influence the way in which people
experience and understand the world.
• The study of group communication helps further the understanding of how groups
function in influencing individuals and society.
• Additionally, the study of groups can lead to innovations in such things as technology,
government, and organizational policy.

41. GROUP
• The group is defined by the number of people sharing common goals which distinguish them from
other groups based on behavior patterns and interpersonal relationships.
• A group can be similar to the crowd in a sense that both focus/gather to look a particular interest.
• A group is dissimilar to the crowd in the sense that it is more than just a collection of people that
makes a group. There are common goals to accomplish.
• Unlike crowds, groups do not disperse once the piece of interest gets finished.

42. CONCEPT OF GROUP COMMUNICATION
• Groups communication is interaction and exchange of information between
culturally, geographically or linguistically alike people who are a member of a group.
• In an organization, it may be defined as the mode by which the employees and
employers, team members communicate with each other.
• Members may be identified by their standard set of symbols, a specific language or
outer appearance.

43. VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL GROUPS COMMUNICATION
• The communication can be both verbal as well as non-verbal.
• Both the ways of communicating are equally important because it is through this
communication that group members can participate in determining goals, making decisions
and solving problems.
• For example, in a soccer game, a referee uses both his words and hand gestures to
communicate the status of the game to the players at various points of time.
• Quality of communication between the members of a group is also an essential factor in
making decisions and achieving goals. It has been seen that with the growing number of
members in the group, the effectiveness of communication keeps on decreasing.

44. ROLE OF GROUPS COMMUNICATION IN AN
ORGANIZATION
• The primary purpose of group communication is to share information.
• The information can vary from person to person, depending upon his role.
• For example, the group leader may present the idea, and present relevant information
and the other group members may give feedback.
• A group also communicates to manage conflicts along with making decisions to
overcome the difficult circumstances. The exchange of ideas decides the future of the
group and the goals which a group can achieve.
• For example, the way the family members share problems and discuss them to solve
decides the kind of bond they have and the respect they show to each other.

45. LEADERSHIP
• Leadership captures the essentials of being able and prepared to inspire others.
Effective leadership is based upon ideas—both original and borrowed—that are
effectively communicated to others in a way that engages them enough to act as the
leader wants them to act.
• A leader inspires others to act while simultaneously directing the way that they act.
They must be personable enough for others to follow their orders, and they must
have the critical thinking skills to know the best way to use the resources at an
organization's disposal.

46. BACKGROUND
• leadership is linked to performance, and
• any leadership definition has to take that into account.
• Therefore, while leadership isn't intrinsically linked to profit, those who are viewed
as effective leaders in corporate contexts are the ones who increase their company's
bottom line.

47. LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT
Leadership Management
May or may not be a manager May or may not be a leader
Must inspire followers May or may not inspire those under them
Emphasizes innovation Emphasizes rationality and control
May be unconcerned with preserving existing
structures
Seeks to work within and preserve existing
corporate structures
Typically operates with relative independence
Typically a link in the corporate chain of
command
May be less concerned with interpersonal
issues
May be more concerned with interpersonal
issues