This document provides guidance on verbal communication strategies for academic presentations and public speeches. It discusses the importance of audience analysis, setting goals, organizing content logically using a three-step method, and designing effective visuals that are simple, clearly labeled and help convey complex ideas. Engaging the audience through a conversational style, humor, stories and vocal variety is also emphasized. Intercultural communication skills like respecting differences, building trust and understanding body language across cultures are highlighted.

1. Oral expression strategies
(Intercultural
communication)

2. “The reasonable person adapts himself to the world,
while the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself”

3. Learning objectives
(1) Achieve correct and coherent verbal and non-verbal communication skills as a fundamental
tool for interaction with people.

4. Learning objectives
(2) Apply basic rules for verbal communication in academic presentations and public speeches.

5. What is a culture?
Culture is the "lens" through which you view the world.
It is central to what you see,
How you make sense of what you see,
How you express yourself.
"Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs."
– Tom Wolfe

6. What is different?
1. Communication Styles
2. Attitudes toward conflicts
3. Decision making style
4. Approaches to knowing
What is hidden below the surface?
1. Beliefs
2. Values
3. Expectations
4. Attitudes
Four Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Difference

7. Cross Culture Communication
Intercultural Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages
between people whose cultural background could lead them to interpret verbal
and non-verbal signs differently.

8. Why Cross Culture
Communication is important ?
◦ Business Opportunities
◦ Job Opportunities
◦ Improves the contribution of employees in a diverse workforce
◦ Sharing of views and ideas
◦ Talent improvisation
◦ An understanding of diverse market
Globalization: Cross border movement of people, goods and data brings more
and more cultures into contact with one another and increases the potential of
cross culture communication.

9. Verbal communication Nonverbal communication
Through the words we use, whether
written or spoken
Body actions and vocal qualities that
accompany a verbal message
Consists of speaking, listening, writing,
and reading
Consists of things such as movements,
gestures, body position, vocal qualities,
and other unspoken signals sent by
people in conjunction with verbal
messages
It can convey very complex ideas and is
necessary for discussion and explanation
It concludes everything that is around the
speaker as well as the body language
It is more controlled It is instinctive, largely unconscious and
very difficult to control
It is always accompanied by nonverbal

10. Verbal communication types
 Language
Tone&style
Intonation
Stress
Pausing
Pace
Volume
Pitch

11. Intonation

12. Intonation

13. Stress

14. Pausing

15. Pace

16. Volume

17. Nonverbal communication
Appearance
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Gestures
Posture and positioning
Body language and movement & contact
Silence

18. Apperance

19. Eye contact

20. Facial expression

21. Positioning

22. Body language & gestures

23. Silence

24. High Context and Low Context Cultures
High Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on non-verbal
and subtle situational cues in communication.
Low Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on words to
convey meaning in communication.

25. Case In Point : Eye Contact
In some cultures, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate
honesty and straightforwardness; in others it is seen as challenging and
rude.

26. In USA, the cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is
to look them into the eye.

27. "Most people in Arab culture share a great deal of eye contact and may
regard too little as disrespectful.

28. In English culture, a certain amount of eye contact is required, but too much
makes many people uncomfortable.

29. In South Asian and many other cultures direct eye contact is generally
regarded as aggressive and rude.

30. Blocks to Cultural Communication
1. Ethnocentrism : Inability to accept another culture's world view;
"my way is the best."
2. Discrimination : Differential treatment of an individual due to
minority status; actual and perceived; e.g., "we just aren't equipped to
serve people like that."
3. Stereotyping : Generalizing about a person while ignoring presence
of individual difference; e.g., "she's like that because she's Asian – all
Asians are nonverbal."

31. 4.Cultural Blindness: Differences are ignored and one proceeds as
though differences did not exist; e.g., "there's no need to worry about a
person's culture
5.Cultural Imposition: Belief that everyone should conform to the
majority; e.g., "we know what's best for you, if you don't like it you can go
elsewhere."
6.Tone Difference : Formal tone change becomes embarrassing and off-putting in
some cultures.

32. DEVELOPING CROSS CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
"Tact is the ability to describe others as they see themselves.“
– Abraham Lincoln

33. Skills To Overcome Differences
"To handle yourself, use your head; to handle others, use your heart."
– Donald Laird

34. Skills To Overcome Differences
Respecting Differences and Working Together

35. Skills To Overcome Differences
Building Trust Across Cultural Boundaries

36. Skills To Overcome Differences
Understanding Body Language
United States of America
•Americans tend to refrain from greetings that involve hugging and other close physical contact.
•When sitting, U.S. citizens often look very relaxed. They may sometimes sit with the ankle of one
leg on their knee.
Arab Countries
•The left hand is considered unclean in the Arab countries.
•When sitting, keep both feet on the ground.
•The "thumbs up" sign is offensive throughout the Arab world.
South Korea
•Bows are used for expressing appreciation, making apologies and requests, as well as for
greetings and farewells.
•When the Japanese want to give the impression that they are in deep thought, they will
sometimes fold their arms.

37. Skills To Overcome Differences
Connecting with people

38. Things To Remember While Interacting And Connecting
With People

39. Verbal communication in academic
presentations and public speeches
Preparing and planning presentations
Designing effective visuals
Engaging the audience

40. Presenting and plan for a presentation

41. Audience analysis
•Who are the key audience members?
•How much does the audience know?
•What do they know?
•What are their personal preferences?
•Which demographic characteristics are significant?
•What size is the group?
•What are the listener’s attitudes?

42. Analyse yourself and Occasion
•Goal?
•Knowledge?
•Feelings on topic?
•Where will you be presenting?
•When and how long will you be presenting?

43. Set two goals: General and specific
General goal:
- to inform?
- to persuade?
- to entertain?
Specific goals:
- who do you want to influence?
- what you want them to think or do?
- How, when and where do you want them to do it?

44. The three step method: Overall

45. Split each point in three parts

46. Organizing language

47. Well-designed visuals
Attract attention
Help retain key point
Facilitate understand
Help organization
Add polish

48. Well-designed visuals
1. make sure your visual is large enough to see

49. Well-designed visuals
2. keep it simple

50. Well-designed visuals
3. Fewer words is better
“Rule of Seven”
No more than 7 lines
No more than 7 words per line

51. Well-designed visuals
4. Label clearly
Where will you be presenting?
When and how long will you be presenting?
Plan 3: extending the working life and increasing investment

52. Well-designed visuals
5. make complex data simple

53. Engaging the audience
1. Focus on your audience
2. Conversational style
3. Use humor
4. Use stories for emotional connection
5. Use your voice with variety