DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS/ STAGES OF COMMUNICATION

2. What is Communication?
-It is an activity between the sender and the receiver wherein they share
ideas through speech, visualization, writing and other means.
-Etymologically, it is derived from the “communism “which means ‘to share’
or ‘to take part’ in the two important processes (encoding and decoding of
information).

3. Communication Experts:
1. John Adair
- it is the ability of one person to get in
touch and understand each other.
2. Peter Little
- it is the process of sending information
between sender and receiver

4. 3. Keith Davis
-It is a process of transferring information and
understanding from one person to another.

5. 4. William Newman and Charles
Summer
- it is the exchange of ideas, facts,
opinions, and emotions of two of
more people.
Charles Summer
William Newman

6. . Murphy, Hildebrandt and Thomas
- it is the process of sending and receiving
verbal and non-verbal messages considered
complete when desired reaction is achieved.
Murphy,

7. -6. Louise Allen
- it is a bridge and includes a
systematic and continuous
process of speaking, listening and
understanding.

8.  Elements of Communication
-refers to essential tools of communication on which the
communication process is conducted. It initiates and regulate
the entire cycle of sharing information between the sender and
receiver. Also known as the components of communication.

9. The Nine Elements of Communication Process

10. 1. Context
-refers to the environment of communication in which the interaction
happens or takes place. Communication context is the prime element of
every communication process that controls the communication process
among senders and receivers.
2. Sender
- is a person who sends the message to the receiver. Also known as the
encoder of the message. Sender is a significant element of the
communication process. A sender makes and uses symbols (words or
graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the required
response. Therefore, a sender is a speaker, writer, or person who provides
the information to share opinions, ideas, and messages.
3. Encoder
- Encoding means transforming abstract opinions and ideas into symbols
such as words, pictures, signs, and marks. A symbol might represent or
indicate opinions, statements, and actions.

11. 4. Message
 refers to the information, ideas, feelings, opinion, thought, attitude,
and view that the sender wants to deliver to the receiver. Messages
may convey through verbal and nonverbal cues. Verbal cues are the
spoken language of the speaker, for instance, spoken wo5. Channel
 5. Channel
- Channel is the way or tool of transmitting the message. It is also
known as a medium in communication that conveys the message from
sender to receiver. Example; Television, Newspapers, Radio as a
channel to disseminate information.
 6. Decoder
-is “the process of” translating an encoded symbol into the ordinary
understandable language in contrast to the encoder. In this process,
the receiver converts the symbols into thoughts received from the
sender.

12.  7. Receiver
- is a person for whom the message is targeted in contrast to the sender. The receiver is
the audience of the communication process that decodes the message to perceive the
meaning. Receivers can be one person or a group of people or a big amount of
population.
 8. Feedback
- refers to the response of the receiver or audience. It is one of the main elements of
the effective communication process as it allows the sender to analyze the efficacy of the
message. It also helps the sender in confirming the correct interpretation of the message
by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-verbal (in the form of
smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in the form of memos, reports, etc.
Feedback is also one of the important elements of communication.
 9. Noise
- refers to the communication barrier or obstacles to effective communication. It is also
known as communication noise or noise in communication. Noise is an unwanted
element of the communication process that communicators always want to avoid during
the interaction.

13. Thank you!!!
BY: ABANO, ROSALIA R.