IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of scc and rca for sustainable construction – eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources (Coarse Aggregate). Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
Fundamental Review and Analysis of Gasifier Performance and Gasification ModelAI Publications
A reliable, affordable and clean energy supply is of major importance for society, economy and the environment. The modern use of biomass is considered a very promising clean energy option for reduction of greenhouse gas emission and energy dependency. Biomass gasification has been considered as the enabling technology for modern biomass utilization. However, challenges remains in biomass gasifier design and gasification model for viable commercial application through reliable model prediction and optimization of the process condition to obtain quality product compositions and maximal efficiencies. Bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and Apen Plus gasification model can salvage the undue complex processes and aims to develop the simplest possible model using the process simulator or Aspen Plus that incorporates the key gasification reaction and gasifier design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of scc and rca for sustainable construction – eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources (Coarse Aggregate). Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
Fundamental Review and Analysis of Gasifier Performance and Gasification ModelAI Publications
A reliable, affordable and clean energy supply is of major importance for society, economy and the environment. The modern use of biomass is considered a very promising clean energy option for reduction of greenhouse gas emission and energy dependency. Biomass gasification has been considered as the enabling technology for modern biomass utilization. However, challenges remains in biomass gasifier design and gasification model for viable commercial application through reliable model prediction and optimization of the process condition to obtain quality product compositions and maximal efficiencies. Bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and Apen Plus gasification model can salvage the undue complex processes and aims to develop the simplest possible model using the process simulator or Aspen Plus that incorporates the key gasification reaction and gasifier design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Assessment of composting, energy and gas generation potential for msw at alla...eSAT Journals
Abstract Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major concerned for Allahabad city as the city is growing with population and the increase is 20.74 percent for the last 10 years. In this regard, MSW samples were collected from twenty wards and three dumpsites to estimate composting, energy and gas generation potential for MSW Management. It was observed that the MSW is not suitable for composting because C/N ratio was found to be less than 30:1. Existing gas generation model is modified and found a bioreactor landfill with leachate recirculation would be the best method for the MSW management. Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Energy, Composting, Gas generation, Calorific Value, landfill
Study of Biomass Briquettes, Factors Affecting Its Performance and Technologi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Sustainable Development of Bioenergy from Agriculture Residues and EnvironmentTriple A Research Journal
This communication discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy
sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the
biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy
conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures
necessary to reduce emissions globally. The current literature is reviewed
regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass
technology. This study gives an overview of present and future use of
biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and
other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market
situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that
biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested,
implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.
Keywords: Biomass resources, wastes, woodfuel, biofuels, energy,
environment, sustainability related with bioenergy development, disperse
systems formulation science, surfactant sciences
Feasibility Study of Construction of Building Using Reusable MaterialIJERA Editor
Civil structures made of steel reinforced concrete normally suffer from corrosion of the steel by the salt, which results in the failure of those structures. Constant maintenance and repairing is needed to enhance the life cycle of those civil structures. There are many ways to minimize the failure of the concrete structures made of steel reinforce concrete. The Project aims to optimize the construction resources with applications to reduce, reuse and recycle to achieve the motive of saving planet, public and then profit. There is an unavoidable growth in the population for this, there is demand of urbanization. This consumes high amount of non-renewable resources and hence resources are getting exhausted creating a scarcity, which a major issue for present generation.
Analytical Study of Natural Light and Ventilation in Admistrative Building of...ijtsrd
As one of the significant parts in the building design, use of natural light and ventilation which reflects one important factor of energy conservation to some extent. To ensure that decreasing use of energy resources to the maximum extent in constructions and make buildings harmonize with their surroundings, which has become important pursuing for inhabited building, at present, integrated design is to highlight natural ventilation and natural light use as main component of building design. Urban areas continuously pollute the air in cities which affects the human health and the environment sustainability. This work analyses the provisions done in the Administrative Building for Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority PCNTDA for utilizing natural light and natural ventilation to make the occupants and users much more comfort as compare to conventional building which are not taking care of natural light and ventilation phenomenon. The provision made in the building and saving due to provisions is calculated in this research work. Komal Patil | Dr. L. S. Pammar ""Analytical Study of Natural Light and Ventilation in Admistrative Building of PCNTDA, Pune Region"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23949.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23949/analytical-study-of-natural-light-and-ventilation-in-admistrative-building-of-pcntda-pune-region/komal-patil
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Jurnal Internasional – Dampak Energi Terbarukan Terhadap Ketenagakerjaan di I...Dani Gunawan
Sebuah permintaan global untuk energi telah memaksa banyak negara untuk mencari energi alternatif dan terbarukan . Efek diantisipasi pengembangan terbarukan adalah peningkatan lapangan kerja sebagai bagian dari penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan hijau baru , manfaat besar bagi Indonesia untuk mengatasi tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi . Makalah ini menjelaskan dampak pengembangan energi terbarukan pada penciptaan lapangan kerja di Indonesia .
Impact Assessment of Changing Fuel on Water Consumption in Kuwait’s Power Sta...IJERA Editor
Demands on electricity are in continuous increase and as a result an increase on water consumption and withdrawal. A huge expansion is done by Kuwait seven stations to meet the need of water and electricity using different combinations of four types of fuel (natural gas, gas oil, heavy fuel oil and crude oil). This study aims to determine the optimum fuel for reducing water consumption and cost without changing the capacity of electricity production in Kuwait. To attain that water consumption and/or withdrawal factor had been calculated for each fuel in each station depending on electricity and water consumption and production values, then cost of each mega watt produced had been determined using calculated cost of each fuel. It is concluded that natural gas is the least consuming water and least productivity for electricity where heavy fuel oil is the cheapest one and gas oil is the most expensive and most consuming water. However more time and detailed analysis are needed to determine the optimum fuel. Three scenarios had been assumed on different stations, best one was in Az-zour station when we decreased natural gas percentage and it was compensated by crude oil with keeping gas oil as it was. Consequently, it was noticed there was increase in water consumption and decrease in the cost: about 2 million Kuwait dinars. .
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Dispersion modeling of nitrous oxide emissions from a nitric acid plant in de...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Assessment of composting, energy and gas generation potential for msw at alla...eSAT Journals
Abstract Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major concerned for Allahabad city as the city is growing with population and the increase is 20.74 percent for the last 10 years. In this regard, MSW samples were collected from twenty wards and three dumpsites to estimate composting, energy and gas generation potential for MSW Management. It was observed that the MSW is not suitable for composting because C/N ratio was found to be less than 30:1. Existing gas generation model is modified and found a bioreactor landfill with leachate recirculation would be the best method for the MSW management. Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Energy, Composting, Gas generation, Calorific Value, landfill
Study of Biomass Briquettes, Factors Affecting Its Performance and Technologi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Sustainable Development of Bioenergy from Agriculture Residues and EnvironmentTriple A Research Journal
This communication discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy
sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the
biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy
conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures
necessary to reduce emissions globally. The current literature is reviewed
regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass
technology. This study gives an overview of present and future use of
biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and
other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market
situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that
biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested,
implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.
Keywords: Biomass resources, wastes, woodfuel, biofuels, energy,
environment, sustainability related with bioenergy development, disperse
systems formulation science, surfactant sciences
Feasibility Study of Construction of Building Using Reusable MaterialIJERA Editor
Civil structures made of steel reinforced concrete normally suffer from corrosion of the steel by the salt, which results in the failure of those structures. Constant maintenance and repairing is needed to enhance the life cycle of those civil structures. There are many ways to minimize the failure of the concrete structures made of steel reinforce concrete. The Project aims to optimize the construction resources with applications to reduce, reuse and recycle to achieve the motive of saving planet, public and then profit. There is an unavoidable growth in the population for this, there is demand of urbanization. This consumes high amount of non-renewable resources and hence resources are getting exhausted creating a scarcity, which a major issue for present generation.
Analytical Study of Natural Light and Ventilation in Admistrative Building of...ijtsrd
As one of the significant parts in the building design, use of natural light and ventilation which reflects one important factor of energy conservation to some extent. To ensure that decreasing use of energy resources to the maximum extent in constructions and make buildings harmonize with their surroundings, which has become important pursuing for inhabited building, at present, integrated design is to highlight natural ventilation and natural light use as main component of building design. Urban areas continuously pollute the air in cities which affects the human health and the environment sustainability. This work analyses the provisions done in the Administrative Building for Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority PCNTDA for utilizing natural light and natural ventilation to make the occupants and users much more comfort as compare to conventional building which are not taking care of natural light and ventilation phenomenon. The provision made in the building and saving due to provisions is calculated in this research work. Komal Patil | Dr. L. S. Pammar ""Analytical Study of Natural Light and Ventilation in Admistrative Building of PCNTDA, Pune Region"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23949.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23949/analytical-study-of-natural-light-and-ventilation-in-admistrative-building-of-pcntda-pune-region/komal-patil
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Jurnal Internasional – Dampak Energi Terbarukan Terhadap Ketenagakerjaan di I...Dani Gunawan
Sebuah permintaan global untuk energi telah memaksa banyak negara untuk mencari energi alternatif dan terbarukan . Efek diantisipasi pengembangan terbarukan adalah peningkatan lapangan kerja sebagai bagian dari penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan hijau baru , manfaat besar bagi Indonesia untuk mengatasi tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi . Makalah ini menjelaskan dampak pengembangan energi terbarukan pada penciptaan lapangan kerja di Indonesia .
Impact Assessment of Changing Fuel on Water Consumption in Kuwait’s Power Sta...IJERA Editor
Demands on electricity are in continuous increase and as a result an increase on water consumption and withdrawal. A huge expansion is done by Kuwait seven stations to meet the need of water and electricity using different combinations of four types of fuel (natural gas, gas oil, heavy fuel oil and crude oil). This study aims to determine the optimum fuel for reducing water consumption and cost without changing the capacity of electricity production in Kuwait. To attain that water consumption and/or withdrawal factor had been calculated for each fuel in each station depending on electricity and water consumption and production values, then cost of each mega watt produced had been determined using calculated cost of each fuel. It is concluded that natural gas is the least consuming water and least productivity for electricity where heavy fuel oil is the cheapest one and gas oil is the most expensive and most consuming water. However more time and detailed analysis are needed to determine the optimum fuel. Three scenarios had been assumed on different stations, best one was in Az-zour station when we decreased natural gas percentage and it was compensated by crude oil with keeping gas oil as it was. Consequently, it was noticed there was increase in water consumption and decrease in the cost: about 2 million Kuwait dinars. .
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Dispersion modeling of nitrous oxide emissions from a nitric acid plant in de...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Power quality improvement using impedance network based invertereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Production and characterization of nano copper powder using electric explosio...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Contribution to the valorization of moroccan wood in industry of laminated wo...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel hybrid communication technique involving power line communication and...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Survey on sensor protocol for information via negotiation (spin) protocoleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An Evaluative Study on Energy Efficient Building MaterialsAM Publications
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Optimization of energy in public buildings
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OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Krishna A. Joshi1
, A.R. Kambekar2
1
PG. Student, 2
Assistant Professor, Construction Management, CED, SPCE Andheri (West), Mumbai,
Maharashtra, 400 058, krishna.a.joshi@gmail.com
Abstract
Building construction and infrastructure industry is one the fastest developing industry and a major energy consuming sector in
general. Public buildings which consists schools, colleges, corporate offices, government offices which are growing day by day, they
require tremendous amount of energy resources for construction of buildings for utilization of service. This paper mainly focuses on
the embodied energy of materials used in construction of college building located in Badlapur (West), Kalyan city of Thane district in
Maharashtra and comparision is done with different alternative materials in order to reduce the energy of building.
Keywords: Energy Optimization, Public Buildings, Embodied Energy, Alternative Materials.
------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The public buildings which include schools, colleges, and
offices consume a considerable amount of energy and other
natural resources. Buildings in India consume about 20% of
the country’s total electricity and have a significant impact on
the environment and resources indicating the need to develop
green buildings .Our country is witnessing tremendous growth
in construction sector,so here it is considered to be one of the
largest economic activites which grows at an average rate of
9.5% as compared to global average rate of 5%[4]. Use of
those construction materials which are posing threat to the
environment are also growing at a alarming rate . So
construction industry therefore needs to contribute towards
preserving environment. Minimising the consumption of the
conventional materials by using alternative materials ,
methods & techniquies can result in scope for considerable
energy savings as well as reduction of CO2 emission[1]. A
large quantity of CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere through
whole life cyce of a building , so choice of building material is
very important in reducing the energy content of building
2. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS
The art and science of building construction commeneced with
the use of natural materials like stone , soil
,leaves[2].Materials for earthen construction such as hydrated
lime ,clay ,mud bricks compressed earth block sand rammed
earth have been known and used many years allover the world
.There is a growing interest in these Building materials as
sustainable alternatives to traditional bricks, concrete and
wood [4]. A high proportion of this energy is used to produce
a small number of key materials such as concrete, mortar,
plaster and bricks. The highest energy is used in the
manufacture of aluminum, copper, stainless steel and plastics
(primary energy requirements for production very from 250
Giga Joules (GJ)/ ton to 100 GJ/ton) followed by glass,
cement and plaster boards (primary energy requirements for
production vary from 60GJ/ton to 10GJ/ton). The energy
embodied in a building is estimated to vary between 15 and 20
years of its energyconsumption in use[8].
3. EMBODIED ENERGY
The energy in buildings may be divided into two category
Embodied energy and operational energy. Embodied Energy is
the energy requirement to construct and maintain the premises
for example, to construct a brick wall, the energy required to
make the bricks, transport them to site, and lay them.
Operational energy is the energy requirement of the building
during its life from commissioning to demolition for example,
the energy used to heat and cool the premises, run the
equipments and light rooms .To calculate the energy
consumption by public building, a college building is taken as
case study which consists of two buildings of G+1 R.C.C.
framed structure located in Badlapur near city of Kalyan in
Thane district of Maharashtra state. The existing public
building considered in this paper as an engineering institution
having a total built up area of around 3701.2 m2
.
Energy consumption of any building depends upon the usage
of building for which it is constructed i.e. the service which it
provides to the people. This paper deals with the educational
structure which consists of classrooms, laboratories, and
machines etc. During the construction of structure the
materials which are used for building requires huge amount of
energy while manufacturing, transporting, assembling,
installation and destruction of some structures if needed. This
energy is termed as embodied energy of materials and
Operational Energy is the total energy which is needed for
maintenance of the building services during the entire life
cycle of structure. Estimated embodied energy in the material
is shown in Table 1 and Table 2 shows energy consumption
per person and per square meter of the building and embodied
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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energy index considering 150 personnel working at any
moment of time.
4. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
Methodology adopted for optimization of energy for college
building is as follows:
• Estimation of energy and carbon emission of building
material.
• Cost estimation of material used.
• Comparison with alternative materials for energy,
carbon emission and cost.
• Selection of best option.
Table 1 Embodied energy coefficients
Table 2 Energy Estimation of Building (Case Study)
Table 3 Energy Index
Material Energy Type of Energy
Clay Bricks (3.75-4.75)per brick[1]. Coal /Wood /Rice Husk
AAC Blocks/Hollow Concrete
blocks
(1.3-1.62)per brick[1].
(3.5)per brick[7]
Coal +Electricty
Fly ash Bricks (1.00-1.35) /per brick[2]. Coal +Electricty
Cement (4.2 -5.85)MJ/KG[1]. Coal +Electricity
Ceramics 180MJ/SQM[7]. Diesel
Kota 79.8MJ SQM[9]. Fuel oil
Terrazzo 92.7MJ/SQM[9]. Fuel oil
Sr.
No. Material Unit
Total
Quantity
Total Embodied
Energy (MJ)
1 Brick Number 225000 954000
2 Cement Bag 28865 873166
3 Aggregates Cu.m. 5660 848943
4 Sand Cu.m. 849 22277
5 Steel Kg. 350000 14735000
6 Paint Sq.m. 6550 45522
7 Aluminium Kg. 2000 340000
8 Glazing Kg. 1000 1480
9 Ceramic tile Sq.m. 6659 1198620
Total embodied energy for an engineering college building 19019008
Sr.
No.
Embodied Energy Embodied Energy (MJ) Embodied Energy
(kWh)
1 Total Embodied Energy in all materials of the building 19019008 5135132
2 Energy Consumption per person 126793 34234
3 Energy consumption per square meter 2535 685
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Table 1, 2, 3 depicts energy coefficients values and total
energy estimation of said building and energy index
respectively.Figure 1, 2 and 3 shows materials which have
been used in the construction and is compared with the
alternative energy efficient materials which have low
embodied energy, carbon emission and cost. Table 4, 5 and 6
shows embodied energy, carbon emissions and cost of
different materials of brick, cement and tile material. For brick
masonry three options have been considered i.e. clay bricks
which is normally used, fly ash bricks and autoclave aerated
bricks (AAC). Figure 1 shows that cost of clay bricks is more
as compared to fly ash bricks but is less costlier than AAC
Blocks. Cement of two types are considered in this study i.e.
ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland pozzolana
cement (PPC). It was observed that OPC has a higher
embodied energy value than PPC and same is shown in Figure
2. When tiles are considered it was observed that ceramic tiles
have higher energy value as well as higher cost compared to
terrazzo tiles (Figure 3). Avg of Standard values of embodied
energy and carbon emission in material (MJ/M3) are
considered [1]. Cost of material is considered as per the local
rates for locally available material.
Figure 1. Embodied energy, carbon emission and cost of brick material
Figure 2. Embodied energy, carbon emission and cost of cement material
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Clay Bricks Aerated Concrete Fly Ash
Embodied Energy %
Carbon Emission%
Cost%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
OPC PPC
Embodied Energy %
Carbon Emission %
Cost%
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Figure 3. Embodied energy, carbon emission and cost of tiles
Table 4. Embodied energy and carbon emission and cost in bricks
Sr
No.
Types of bricks Quantity
(Cu.m.)
Embodied
energy (value)
(MJ/M3
)
Embodied
energy
(MJ/M3
)
Carbon
emission
(CO2/Kg)
Cost/
cum
1 Clay bricks 436.89 3950 1725715.5 96.11 2700
2 Autoclave aerated
concrete blocks
436.89 2150 939313.5 131.067 3500
3 Fly ash 436.89 1020 445627.8 96.11 2200
Table 5. Embodied energy, carbon emission and cost of cement
Table 6. Embodied energy, carbon emission and cost of tile
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ceramic tile Terrazo tile Kota stone
Embodied Energy %
Carbon Emission%
Cost%
Sr.
No.
Types of
cement
Quantity
(Cu.m.)
Embodied energy
value
(MJ/M3
)
Embodied energy
(MJ/Sqm)
Carbon
emission
(Kg /CO2)
Cost
/cum
1.
OPC 1010.275 840 848631 939.555 260
2. PPC 1010.275 565 570805.37 818.322 275
Sr.
No.
Types of
tiles
Quantity of
Tile
(Sq.m.)
Embodied energy
value
(MJ/SQM)
Total embodied
energy
(MJ/Sq.m.)
Carbon
emission
(Kg /CO2)
Cost per
Sq.m.
1. Ceramic tiles
3329.59 180 599326.21 2463.896 1200
2. Terrazzo
tiles 3329.59 92.7 308652.99 399.55 700
3. Kota
stone 3329.59 79.8 265701.82 299.66 1000
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CONCLUSIONS
In this study embodied energy of a college building is
estimated for different material. Comparision of embodied
energy, carbon and cost of different material used is done with
the traditionally used material. Based on the analysis of energy
reduction of building materials by using available alternative
material following conclusions are drawn.
• Total embodied energy of college building was found to
be 19,01,9008 MJ for all materials.
• The use of flyash bricks if replaced by clay bricks saves
around 1288825 MJ and reducing consumption of
energy by around 74.6% and also cost decreases by
14% and reduction in carbon emissions by 26.6%
• AAC blocks reduces energy consumption by 45% but
cost increases by 39%.
• The use of PPC over OPC reduces energy consumption
by 33 % and carbon emissions by 13% with cost
increament of 6%.
• The use of Kota stone reduces energy consumption by
7% and carbon emissions by 1.6% when compared to
Terrazo tile with increase in cost by 13%.
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