IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A comparative study on sustainable building construction with conventional re...VISHNU VIJAYAN
Vishnu Vijayan, Geethu Elsa Thomas, Athira Madhu ,A comparative study on sustainable building construction with conventional residential building, International Journal of Current Engineering And Scientific Research, April 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, p-ISSN: 2393-8374,o-ISSN: 2394-0697; GICID: n/d; DOI: 10.21276/ijcesr
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A comparative study on sustainable building construction with conventional re...VISHNU VIJAYAN
Vishnu Vijayan, Geethu Elsa Thomas, Athira Madhu ,A comparative study on sustainable building construction with conventional residential building, International Journal of Current Engineering And Scientific Research, April 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, p-ISSN: 2393-8374,o-ISSN: 2394-0697; GICID: n/d; DOI: 10.21276/ijcesr
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
For environmental conservation, the usage of recycled aggregates in concrete may be beneficial. The products for the future are recycled aggregates. The usage of recycled aggregates has been initiated in several European, American, Russian and Asian building ventures. Many nations have relaxed the usage of recycled aggregates with respect to infrastructure rules. This project reports the fundamental characteristics of recycled fine aggregates and recycled coarsely aggregates and contrasts them with natural aggregates. Basic shifts are described in all aggregate properties and their impacts on concreting work are thoroughly addressed. The properties of recycled concrete aggregates are also calculated. Fundamental concrete properties such as compressive power, bending strength, operability and so for the numerous combinations of recycled aggregates and natural aggregates are discussed here. Codal recommendations for recycled concrete aggregates in different countries are listed here, with their influence on concretion function. In general, the existing state of recycled aggregates in India along with their potential needs and use are addressed here. Prince Kumar | Ajay Singh | Swati Dhiman "Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42581.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42581/mechanical-properties-of-recycled-aggregate/prince-kumar
To Study Characterstic Behaviour of Recycled Concrete Aggregateijtsrd
Near about 30 of concrete is produce by concrete industry and it is calculated that in a year 165 million tonnes of concrete is used. Hence, to produce other total sources that are based on waste products, there are many significant incentives. Recycling products are used to produce aggregate Martials for unbound fills, pipe bidding and sub base as the RCA "Recycled Concrete Aggregate" or RCA is not suitable for concrete that is ready to mix because it is blended with another products. Many sites did trials with RCA that mix with ready mix concrete but it was not useful choice. Utilities organizations produce brick, containing stone, clay, Trench arising, asphalt, and concrete but that could be merged in low power concrete which were a cost effective trench product. IN trench reinstatement from RCA formed concrete is used that has 4mm fines and in formed concrete, it has ability to use burner bottom ash. BS 8500 concrete improved the potential for recycling as BS EN 12620. Presently recycled products for concrete is not available but it is a hope that they will be used in future. Nitin Jain | Ashish Verma "To Study Characterstic Behaviour of Recycled Concrete Aggregate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29348.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29348/to-study-characterstic-behaviour-of-recycled-concrete-aggregate/nitin-jain
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Development of Green Paving Blocks Using Recycled Aggregates: An Approach tow...iosrjce
Present study deals with the laboratory investigations for fabrication of M-35 grade concrete paving
blocks using recycled coarse and fine aggregates as a replacement of natural aggregates from 25 to 100 % level
by weight and results were compared with control. It was observed that properties of recycled aggregates were
inferior to natural aggregates. However, the properties of recycled aggregates enhanced after washing. The test
results of blocks showed that the replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the level of 25 %
had little effect on the compressive strength and it decreased beyond these levels. As compare to natural
aggregates, the flexural strength of paving blocks was higher using recycled aggregates. Durability
performance of blocks like water absorption, density and abrasion resistance was also improved using washed
recycled coarse aggregates. Petrographic image analysis showed improvement in the interface of washed
recycled coarse aggregates and surrounding matrix.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Waste Materi...IJRES Journal
The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial process has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental and technical reasons. This is because over 300 million tones of industrial waste are being produced per annual by agricultural and industrial process in India. The problem arising from continuous technological and industrial development is the disposal of waste material. If some of the waste materials are found suitable in concrete making not only cost of construction can be cut down, but also safe disposal of waste material can be achieved. The cement of high strength concrete is generally high which often leads to higher shrinkage and greater evaluation of neat of hydration besides increase in cost. A partial substitution of cement by an industrial waste is not only economical but also improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete and enhance the durability characteristics besides the safe disposal of waste material thereby protecting the environment form pollution This paper deals with partial replacement of fine aggregate with the industrial waste from China Clay industries. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of conventional concrete and fine aggregate replaced concrete are compared and the results are tabulated.
A Study on Strength of Reinforced Flyash with Randomly Distributed FibersIJERD Editor
Flyash is a waste produced from thermal power stations, which contributes to environmental
pollution. It is a waste material that can be utilized in construction of roads and embankments. Randomly
distributed fiber reinforced soils have recently attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering. One of
the most promising approaches in this area is use of flyash as a replacement to the conventional weak earth
material and fiber/coir as reinforcement will solve two problems with one effort i.e. elimination of solid waste
problem on one hand and provision of a needed construction material on other. Disposal of a variety of wastes
in an eco friendly way is the thrust area of today’s research. This paper investigates to determine the optimum
percentage of waste plastics/coconut coir with flyash material by conducting direct shear and CBR tests. It was
observed that from the laboratory test results, the optimum percentage of waste plastics and coconut coir with
flyash material are 0.3% and 0.2% respectively and also flyash with waste plastics shows better performance as
compared to flyash with coconut coir.
Effect of Acid and Sea Water Curing in Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Streng...paperpublications3
Abstract: Environmental issues such as climate change and associated global warming, depletion of natural resource and biodiversity, water and soil pollution, generation of huge amount of waste materials and their disposal are some of great challenges faced by present day civilization. Recycling of materials and reuse of the material is very important. Recycled concrete aggregates are used in concrete in replacement of nominal concrete aggregates 20mm and grit aggregates, replacement of 50%. Different various percentage of aggregate replacement gives optimum replacement content 50% in mix design of M20 without admixture using. Cubes are curing in sea water solution and H2SO4 + HCl acid solution. After duration of 28 day, 56 day and 90 day considering mass loss of 0.07633%, 0.157% and 8.4767% recycled aggregates to nominal cubes for acid curing, and strength will achieved at end of 28 days and 56 day, strength is decreased 4% and at the end of 90 days strength will decreased 4% and same as mass loss. The porosity and voids are generated due to curing of specific condition.
An experimental laboratory study on utilisation of e waste as a partial repla...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The Growth in the Electronics sector has been rapid and this rapid growth is due to continuous upgradation of technology and introduction of new technologies to the market. This has led to one of the fastest growing solid waste in the world, simply called as E-waste. India is the 5th highest e-waste producer in the world. The rapid increase in the construction activity in India, has resulted in huge demand for the aggregates to be used in the concrete. This has led to depletion of natural resources and adverse changes in the environment. This rapid development in the infrastructure sector has led to shortage of natural sand. This paper outlines the experimental work carried for utilisation of e-waste as a partial replacement for the fine aggregates. Strength tests and durability tests are conducted on hardened concrete. Results show that the partial use of E- waste as fine aggregates results in much higher workable and less dense concrete. This study gives an Economic, environment friendly and efficient disposal method for E-waste to be used as a partial replacement to the fine aggregates in concrete.
Keywords: E-waste, M-Sand, Fine aggregate replacement, Concrete, Durabilityetc.
A research study of Donald u. Bulawin, Cristian Ralph E. Ibahay, and Mabeth L. Arellano. It is all about utilizing the waste bottle caps for concrete mixture. This study aims that by utilizing the waste bottle caps as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates helps in increasing the strength of concrete and in the environmental issues of wastes disposal.
STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Concrete is the premier construction material around the world and is most widely used in all types of construction works, including infrastructure, low and high-rise buildings, and domestic developments. It is a man-made product, essentially consisting of a mixture of cement, aggregates, water and admixture(s). Inert granular materials such as sand, crushed stone or gravel form the major part of the aggregates. Traditionally aggregates have been readily available at economic prices and of qualities to suit all purposes. But, the continued extensive extraction use of aggregates from natural
resources has been questioned because of the depletion of quality primary aggregates and greater awareness of environmental protection.
Implementation and analysis of power reduction in 2 to 4 decoder design using...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
For environmental conservation, the usage of recycled aggregates in concrete may be beneficial. The products for the future are recycled aggregates. The usage of recycled aggregates has been initiated in several European, American, Russian and Asian building ventures. Many nations have relaxed the usage of recycled aggregates with respect to infrastructure rules. This project reports the fundamental characteristics of recycled fine aggregates and recycled coarsely aggregates and contrasts them with natural aggregates. Basic shifts are described in all aggregate properties and their impacts on concreting work are thoroughly addressed. The properties of recycled concrete aggregates are also calculated. Fundamental concrete properties such as compressive power, bending strength, operability and so for the numerous combinations of recycled aggregates and natural aggregates are discussed here. Codal recommendations for recycled concrete aggregates in different countries are listed here, with their influence on concretion function. In general, the existing state of recycled aggregates in India along with their potential needs and use are addressed here. Prince Kumar | Ajay Singh | Swati Dhiman "Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42581.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42581/mechanical-properties-of-recycled-aggregate/prince-kumar
To Study Characterstic Behaviour of Recycled Concrete Aggregateijtsrd
Near about 30 of concrete is produce by concrete industry and it is calculated that in a year 165 million tonnes of concrete is used. Hence, to produce other total sources that are based on waste products, there are many significant incentives. Recycling products are used to produce aggregate Martials for unbound fills, pipe bidding and sub base as the RCA "Recycled Concrete Aggregate" or RCA is not suitable for concrete that is ready to mix because it is blended with another products. Many sites did trials with RCA that mix with ready mix concrete but it was not useful choice. Utilities organizations produce brick, containing stone, clay, Trench arising, asphalt, and concrete but that could be merged in low power concrete which were a cost effective trench product. IN trench reinstatement from RCA formed concrete is used that has 4mm fines and in formed concrete, it has ability to use burner bottom ash. BS 8500 concrete improved the potential for recycling as BS EN 12620. Presently recycled products for concrete is not available but it is a hope that they will be used in future. Nitin Jain | Ashish Verma "To Study Characterstic Behaviour of Recycled Concrete Aggregate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29348.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29348/to-study-characterstic-behaviour-of-recycled-concrete-aggregate/nitin-jain
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Development of Green Paving Blocks Using Recycled Aggregates: An Approach tow...iosrjce
Present study deals with the laboratory investigations for fabrication of M-35 grade concrete paving
blocks using recycled coarse and fine aggregates as a replacement of natural aggregates from 25 to 100 % level
by weight and results were compared with control. It was observed that properties of recycled aggregates were
inferior to natural aggregates. However, the properties of recycled aggregates enhanced after washing. The test
results of blocks showed that the replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the level of 25 %
had little effect on the compressive strength and it decreased beyond these levels. As compare to natural
aggregates, the flexural strength of paving blocks was higher using recycled aggregates. Durability
performance of blocks like water absorption, density and abrasion resistance was also improved using washed
recycled coarse aggregates. Petrographic image analysis showed improvement in the interface of washed
recycled coarse aggregates and surrounding matrix.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Waste Materi...IJRES Journal
The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial process has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental and technical reasons. This is because over 300 million tones of industrial waste are being produced per annual by agricultural and industrial process in India. The problem arising from continuous technological and industrial development is the disposal of waste material. If some of the waste materials are found suitable in concrete making not only cost of construction can be cut down, but also safe disposal of waste material can be achieved. The cement of high strength concrete is generally high which often leads to higher shrinkage and greater evaluation of neat of hydration besides increase in cost. A partial substitution of cement by an industrial waste is not only economical but also improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete and enhance the durability characteristics besides the safe disposal of waste material thereby protecting the environment form pollution This paper deals with partial replacement of fine aggregate with the industrial waste from China Clay industries. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of conventional concrete and fine aggregate replaced concrete are compared and the results are tabulated.
A Study on Strength of Reinforced Flyash with Randomly Distributed FibersIJERD Editor
Flyash is a waste produced from thermal power stations, which contributes to environmental
pollution. It is a waste material that can be utilized in construction of roads and embankments. Randomly
distributed fiber reinforced soils have recently attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering. One of
the most promising approaches in this area is use of flyash as a replacement to the conventional weak earth
material and fiber/coir as reinforcement will solve two problems with one effort i.e. elimination of solid waste
problem on one hand and provision of a needed construction material on other. Disposal of a variety of wastes
in an eco friendly way is the thrust area of today’s research. This paper investigates to determine the optimum
percentage of waste plastics/coconut coir with flyash material by conducting direct shear and CBR tests. It was
observed that from the laboratory test results, the optimum percentage of waste plastics and coconut coir with
flyash material are 0.3% and 0.2% respectively and also flyash with waste plastics shows better performance as
compared to flyash with coconut coir.
Effect of Acid and Sea Water Curing in Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Streng...paperpublications3
Abstract: Environmental issues such as climate change and associated global warming, depletion of natural resource and biodiversity, water and soil pollution, generation of huge amount of waste materials and their disposal are some of great challenges faced by present day civilization. Recycling of materials and reuse of the material is very important. Recycled concrete aggregates are used in concrete in replacement of nominal concrete aggregates 20mm and grit aggregates, replacement of 50%. Different various percentage of aggregate replacement gives optimum replacement content 50% in mix design of M20 without admixture using. Cubes are curing in sea water solution and H2SO4 + HCl acid solution. After duration of 28 day, 56 day and 90 day considering mass loss of 0.07633%, 0.157% and 8.4767% recycled aggregates to nominal cubes for acid curing, and strength will achieved at end of 28 days and 56 day, strength is decreased 4% and at the end of 90 days strength will decreased 4% and same as mass loss. The porosity and voids are generated due to curing of specific condition.
An experimental laboratory study on utilisation of e waste as a partial repla...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The Growth in the Electronics sector has been rapid and this rapid growth is due to continuous upgradation of technology and introduction of new technologies to the market. This has led to one of the fastest growing solid waste in the world, simply called as E-waste. India is the 5th highest e-waste producer in the world. The rapid increase in the construction activity in India, has resulted in huge demand for the aggregates to be used in the concrete. This has led to depletion of natural resources and adverse changes in the environment. This rapid development in the infrastructure sector has led to shortage of natural sand. This paper outlines the experimental work carried for utilisation of e-waste as a partial replacement for the fine aggregates. Strength tests and durability tests are conducted on hardened concrete. Results show that the partial use of E- waste as fine aggregates results in much higher workable and less dense concrete. This study gives an Economic, environment friendly and efficient disposal method for E-waste to be used as a partial replacement to the fine aggregates in concrete.
Keywords: E-waste, M-Sand, Fine aggregate replacement, Concrete, Durabilityetc.
A research study of Donald u. Bulawin, Cristian Ralph E. Ibahay, and Mabeth L. Arellano. It is all about utilizing the waste bottle caps for concrete mixture. This study aims that by utilizing the waste bottle caps as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates helps in increasing the strength of concrete and in the environmental issues of wastes disposal.
STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Concrete is the premier construction material around the world and is most widely used in all types of construction works, including infrastructure, low and high-rise buildings, and domestic developments. It is a man-made product, essentially consisting of a mixture of cement, aggregates, water and admixture(s). Inert granular materials such as sand, crushed stone or gravel form the major part of the aggregates. Traditionally aggregates have been readily available at economic prices and of qualities to suit all purposes. But, the continued extensive extraction use of aggregates from natural
resources has been questioned because of the depletion of quality primary aggregates and greater awareness of environmental protection.
Implementation and analysis of power reduction in 2 to 4 decoder design using...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Multi criteria decision model for biodiesel selection in an electrical powe...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Malicious attack detection and prevention in ad hoc network based on real tim...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Clustering of medline documents using semi supervised spectral clusteringeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Physical Properties of Construction & Demolished Waste Concreteijsrd.com
In India, recent year construction and demolished concrete waste handling and management is the challenging problem faced by several area of the country. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, Due to strict environmental laws and lack of dumping sites in urban areas, construction & demolished waste disposal is a great problem. It is desirable to completely recycle construction & demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources, environment and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper a study is carried out to investigate the physical properties of construction &demolished waste material for concrete, for using as a coarse aggregate in new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling construction & demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the India in different part of the country. The crushed construction and demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
Green concrete for sustainable constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract There are many choices in regard to selection of materials in any type of constructions. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose the materials which are more sustainable. Green concrete capable for sustainable construction is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Replacement of materials over nominal concrete is what makes green concrete more environmental friendly concrete. Marble sludge powder, quarry rocks, crushed concrete and fly ashes are some of the materials used for making green concrete, a sustainable construction. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Impact, Geo-polymer concrete, Green Concrete, Recycled Materials, Sustainable Construction, Virgin Material.
A study on customer preferences and perceptions on quality and services of re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Using tyres wastes as aggregates in concrete to form rubcrete – mix for engin...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the results, obtained after replacement of fine and coarse aggregates, in concrete mix, with tyre rubber. The tyre rubber, which has been used in the present study, is obtained after the mechanical trituration process of post – consumed tyres from trucks. Researchers have investigated, over the years, the use of recycled tyre rubber waste as a replacement for aggregate in concrete and its effectiveness. “Rubcrete-Mix” which would result from such replacement is found to have many engineering applications and holds promise in future. Rubcrete also possesses good mechanical properties and is considered to be one of the best and economical ways of recycling the used tyres. The present experimental study has the aim of arriving at the optimum quantity of the replacement material for the aggregates in concrete mixtures, for various engineering applications. For achieving a proper bond with the surrounding concrete paste, the recycled aggregates have been designed with respect to their size, shape and gradation. With the water – cement ratio being kept constant fine and coarse aggregate has been replaced with tyre rubber powder and chipped rubber and also cement has been replaced with silica fume. In preparing the concrete, Portland slag cement has been used along with super plasticizer less than 1% by weight of cement to achieve required workability of the resulting concrete. Furthermore, durability studies have been conducted and mixes have been designed for M30 grade concrete. Keywords: Concrete Mix, Mechanical Properties, Rubber Powder, Chipped Rubber, Silica fume.
Use of Recyclable Material in Civil ConstructionYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario the cement concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Increase in the population growth is leads to increase in the demands of various fields like cultivation, transportation and building construction etc. Nowadays, there is a very much increase in the demand for construction works like residential buildings, commercial buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc. and because of this increase in demand the availability of resources for the cement concrete ingredients is getting very complex. Hence people are looking for the alternative resources for the concrete ingredients in order to meet their requirements. This thesis work deals with the study of physical properties of the cement concrete with using Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. The major objective of this research work is to determine that what percentage of Used Aggregate can be utilized in the cement concrete mixture to achieve its target mean strength. In this research work it is concentrated on the use of Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mixture. A series of tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength with and without addition of Used Aggregate. The use of recyclable material in cement concrete mixture also helps in preservation of the environment by saving the natural resources. However, in coming few decades, it can raise new challenges for the construction industry. It is essential to investigate the properties of fresh and hardened concrete to encourage and escalate its application in the civil engineering construction industry. This research investigates the properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with different quantity Used Aggregate in the cement concrete mix. Arpit Mathur | R. C. Patil "Use of Recyclable Material in Civil Construction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41102.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/41102/use-of-recyclable-material-in-civil-construction/arpit-mathur
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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USE OF SCC AND RCA FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION –-
AN OVERVIEW
Srinivas Vasam1
, K. JagannadhaRao2
1
Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering - JNTUH-Hyderabad, AP, INDIA
2
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg, Chitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA
nivas.vasam@gmail.com, kjagannadharao@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction
industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis
is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant
environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction
provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed
concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the
environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources
(Coarse Aggregate).
Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and
Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION:
The construction industry has become one of the main
contributors to the environmental pollution due to the emission
of carbon monoxide and other pollutants which are the bi-
products of many construction materials, operation of
equipment and other construction processes. Sustainability in
general terms is to create an economic system with enhanced
performance with long term safety. Sustainability mainly
focuses on the climate change, energy conservation, protection
of natural resources and environmental enhancement.
Pollution is anything that damages and destroys the
surrounding atmosphere causing health hazards to human
beings and animals. The presence of unnatural elements such
as gas emissions, solids, liquids, harmful waste, and high
sounds turns atmosphere polluted.
The Indian Construction industry today is amongst the five
largest in the world and at the current rate of growth in the
industry, the production and supply of natural aggregates has
also emerged as a problem in some of the metropolis & fast
growing cities in India. The major work is being done on
researches on various parameters of the environment but a
little attention is being paid on enforcement of the
environment laws.
The recycling of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Wastes
has long been accepted to have the possibility to conserve
natural resources and to protect environment. In some nations
it is a standard substitute for both construction and
maintenance, particularly where there is a scarcity of
construction aggregate. Studies reveal that recovered concrete
can be used as aggregate in new concrete production but new
cement is always needed and in most applications only a
portion of recycled aggregate content can be used. These
sustainable concepts should be incorporated at the design time
itself by the structural engineers and it can be understood that
the construction professionals play a key role for
implementing the use of recycled concrete aggregate in fresh
concrete. Use of RCA also helps in reducing CO2 emission
and leads towards sustainability. Furthermore, researches need
to be carried out on implementing the use of recycled coarse
aggregates in self compacting concrete mixes so as to make it
more environmental friendly material.
Environmental issues associated with the CO2 emissions from
the production of portland cement, energy demand (six-
million British thermal unit (BTU) of energy needed per ton
of cement production), resource conservation consideration,
and economic impact due to the high cost of portland cement
manufacturing plants demand that supplementary cementing
materials in general and fly ash in particular be used in
increasing quantities to replace portland cement in concrete
[Malhotra 1997, 2004]. This paper describes about the
sustainability in building construction, environmental
protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional
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provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental
management plan, and the use of RCA and SCC for
sustainability.
2. BACKGROUND:
In the early 1980’s at the University of Japan along with the
collaboration of leading concrete contractors, SCC was
developed by making use of simple concrete along with the
addition of the super plasticizer and viscosity modifying agent.
The main intention of developing this type of concrete is to
achieve homogeneity by compacting of cast in place concrete
within intricate structures and thus to improve durability of
concrete. In 1983 at Japan there has been a serious problem
faced on durability of concrete structures that were built at that
time due to gradual reduction in number of skilled labour
which in turn lead to reduction in quality of construction
works. SCC has proved to be a better solution as it could be
placed into every corner of formwork purely by means of its
own weight and there is no need of skilled labour at the time
of pouring concrete. Grdic, et al [13] reported environmental
advantages of SCC in comparison to the normal concrete.
Many researchers since decades have tried different
proportions of SCC by adding different admixtures so as to
attain strength of the concrete by partially replacing cement
content. Research on SCC with different admixtures is still
going on since last decade as environmental impact has
become one of the prime concerns.
3. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
WASTES:
Kartam et al. (2004) found that in many developed countries
the amount of building and construction waste literally being
generated is about 500-1000 Kg/capita per annum. The root
cause for the generation of the C&D waste is inherently due to
the never ending process of using lands for carrying out newly
proposed constructions, re-construction and stretching of the
road for transportation network works.
4. USE OF RECYCLED CONCRETE
AGGREGATE:
Concrete is indisputably the inherent construction material,
that is used in different construction works and the facts reflect
that around 800 factories are producing about 36 million
tonnes of precast concrete products every year which is the
main contributor for pollution. The use of RCA in construction
of tall buildings would be a positive approach in reducing the
carbon foot prints in these buildings. Recycled aggregates are
composed of original aggregates with adhered mortar. To
obtain good quality concrete using recycled aggregate,
acceptable properties of aggregates are elemental base;
however adequate mix proportions and concrete production
methods are also highly important in concrete quality.
The physical properties of recycled aggregates depend on both
adhered mortar quality and the amount of adhered mortar. The
adhered mortar is a porous material; its porosity depends upon
the w/c ratio of the recycled concrete employed. Crushing
concrete to produce coarse aggregate for the production of
new concrete is one common means for achieving a more
environment-friendly concrete. This reduces the consumption
of the natural resources as well as the consumption of the
landfills required for waste concrete. The crushing procedure
and the dimension of the recycled aggregate have an influence
on the amount of adhered mortar. The density and absorption
capacity of recycled aggregates are affected by adhered mortar
and they must be known prior to the utilization of recycled
aggregates in concrete production in order to control
properties of fresh and hardened concrete.
By using recycled concrete aggregate in SCC, there can be a
maximum chance to reduce the global CO2 emission as the
construction industry is one of the main contributors to
environmental damage and CO2 emission. Ravindrarajah
(2013) investigated on the use of ultra fine slag and RCA in
SCC and concluded that the use of ultra-fine slag improved the
stability of self-compacting concrete independent of the type
of coarse aggregate. The use of recycled coarse aggregate
decreased the strengths and modulus of elasticity and
increased the chloride permeability for the high strength self-
compacting concrete. Noriega (2011) concluded from his
studies that the conventional concrete aggregate can be
confidently replaced by recycled concrete aggregate as it
exhibited similar compressive strength and bearing. Fathifazl,
et. al (2009) found that the compressive and splitting tensile
strength of RAC may be higher or lower compared to
companion natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and only the
quality of RCA determines the strength of RAC is not
universally valid. An experimental investigation was carried
out on the use of RCA in concrete and the suitability of use of
recycled concrete aggregate for new concrete is judged (Neela
Deshpande . et. al , 2011).
5. SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION:
Use of ‘Metals’ in the construction industry is environmental
friendly because these are recyclable and long lasting building
materials which also offer excellent solar reflective benefits. It
is energy efficient choice for roofing and wall panels when
constructing a building envelope. The energy generation
systems are the most expensive materials of green building.
The initial cost of construction of green building is high but it
is worthy and justified when these attain the energy savings
for the building on long term basis.
A building can be termed as sustainable building if the
building design is in such a way that it incorporates a balance
between social, economic and environmental issues in all the
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stages such as in design, construction, operational and till the
end of its life. A sustainable tall building is also defined as the
one which reduces the emission of CO2 and a building which
has less impact to pollution of land, air and water throughout
its life span and is economical to the social community.
So the main challenge is to make sure that in future, the
construction industry should focus on sustainable tall buildings
with zero emission of CO2 and every country having its own
building regulations must look into these aspects as well into
regulations. Generally these tall buildings are less sustainable
when compared to low rise buildings as these tall buildings
have more consumption of natural resources besides having
some advantages like lesser land usage for accommodating
large number of people in it. Therefore, balancing of both
advantages and disadvantages is achieved only by construction
of these high rise buildings with sustainability concept.
When considering a recyclable material, three major areas
need to be taken in to account:
• Economy
• Compatibility with other materials
• Material properties
6. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS AND
APLLICATIONS:
A sustainable concrete structure is one that is constructed so
that the total societal impact during its entire life cycle,
including during its use, is minimum. Designing for
sustainability includes considering the short-term and long-
term consequences of the societal impact in the design.
Therefore, durability is the key issue [Moriconi 2003].
Bhattacharjee1. et. al. (2011) concluded from their
investigations that crushed over-burnt brick aggregates can be
used as an alternative to stone aggregates in concrete mix
where there is scarcity of conventional coarse aggregates.
Construction of sustainable buildings by using energy efficient
lighting units, plumbing elements and passive solar design,
the use of natural resources like water, raw materials, and
aggregates is limited and also use of environment friendly
materials in the construction of walls, floors, ceilings, etc leads
to sustainable growth. All these materials keep the building
sustainable for all types of weather and by constructing such
buildings we can reduce the carbon monoxide footprint of the
building on environment and even it provides the direct cost
savings to the building owners. Green Building addresses
factors such as resource use (energy, water, and materials),
waste reduction including re-cycling, and efficiency in
processing and construction, storm water re-use strategies,
preservation of biodiversity and the natural environment.
Sustainable construction will enhance the resilience of
building and construction industry by using materials and
resources that are available from many sources in the world. It
also means adopting construction methods that are
environmentally friendly, faster, quieter and less labour-
intensive. It challenges our builders to use innovative materials
and products that meet the ever rising quality expectations of
their clients. And with sustainable construction, more
materials that can be readily recycled and reused for the same
or similar purpose will be put into use. This reduces waste and
promotes environmental sustainability.
7. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
SAFETY:
The SCC has a positive impact on the environment and is best
in terms of health and safety issues, as this reduces the noise
by as much as one tenth of the noise levels produced when
traditional vibrated concreted is used. SCC leads to an
improved environment both for concrete workers and for the
people in the neighborhood due to a considerable reduction in
noise levels. Also, the mineral admixtures used in the
production of SCC will not only reduce the industrial waste
but also enhance the properties of the concrete.
8. INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION-
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
The Constitution 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 made the
express provision for the protection and promotion of the
environment, by the introduction of Article 48-A and 51-A (g)
which form the part of directive principles of state policy and
the fundamental duties respectively. Thus the Indian
Constitution makes two fold provisions: "It shall be the duty
of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural
environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and
to have compassion for living creatures".
a) On one hand, it gives directive to the state for the
protection and improvement of environment.
b) On the other hand the citizens owe a constitutional
duty to protect and improve natural environment.
The Parliament of India has legislated various acts for meeting
the international obligations in the direction of protection of
environment. The laws have to be enforced by the State
Pollution Control Boards, Central Pollution Control Board and
Ministry of Environment and Forests. There are three principal
Acts to be enforced by the regulators. Those are
• The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act,
of 1974,
• The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act,
1981; and
• The Environment (protection) Act, 1986.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests issues certain
guidelines pertaining to the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 which have to be followed by Central Pollution Control
Board and State Pollution Control Boards.
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9. OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP):
The major objective and benefit of utilizing Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) in project planning is to prevent
avoidable losses of environmental resources and values
through the development of a judicious and appropriate
Environmental Management Plan (EMP). EMP includes
protection / mitigation / enhancement measures as well as
monitoring.
In the process of planning , it is essential for every project to
formulate an EMP to ensure that resources are used with
maximum efficiency and that each of the adverse impacts
identified and evaluated, attenuated or where required
compensated. Possible mitigation measures generally include:
• Changing project sites, routes, production technology,
raw materials, disposal methods, engineering designs,
safety requirements.
• Introducing pollution controls measures, recycling and
conservation of resources, waste treatment, monitoring,
phased implementation, personnel training, special
social services or community awareness and education.
• Devising compensatory measures for restoration of
damaged resources, monetary compensations for project
affected persons, off-site programs to enhance some
other aspects of the environment or quality of site for
the community.
Monitoring is required to evaluate the success or failure (and
consequent benefits and losses) of environmental management
measures and subsequently to reorient the EMP. Regardless of
the quality of an EIA and consequent environmental
management measures, they are of limited value unless
implemented. As experience has increased in using EIA
process for environmental planning, the need and justification
for periodic monitoring in order to establish meaningful data
bases has become obvious.
The following are the measures to be taken for best practice in
the construction industry:
9.1 During Construction Phase:
Measures to mitigate the adverse impacts due to the following
during construction phase.
a) Site preparation
b) Sanitation
c) Noise control
d) Construction equipment & waste
e) Storage of hazardous material/ dumping
materials
f) Site security and Safety
g) Displacement of Population
9.2 During Operation Phase:
a) Collection and disposal facilities for emission,
wastewater and solid waste.
b) Routine monitoring of selected parameters.
c) Laboratory facilities.
d) Data handling, reporting, storage and retrieval
facilities, and feedback to facilitate future
planning.
e) Emergency action procedures and disaster
management procedures.
f) Manpower for Environmental management.
CONCLUSIONS
One of the construction sector's major contributions to the
preservation of the environment and sustainable development
is reducing, reusing and recycling of the waste materials it
generates. Self-consolidating concrete is a promising
technology that has found many successful applications.
Although the concept of self consolidating concrete has been
around for a few decades, new products are still emerging and
better mix proportioning strategies are yet in development
stage. The use of RCA in SCC provides dual advantage by
deriving the benefits of both the materials as these materials
reduce the impact of CO2 emissions apart from improving
properties and thus making environmental friendly materials.
The absence of an established industrial standard for SCC
allows more creativity in tailoring a mix to specific job
requirements. At the same time, due to the lack of standards,
producing successful mix depends on the expertise of the
producer/contractor. Therefore, it is clear that educating
manufacturers and contractors is the first and crucial step in
expanding the use of RCA and SCC’s promising technology
for sustainable development. Also, it is required to incorporate
the sustainable construction standards in building regulations.
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5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 633
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BIOGRAPHIES
Srinivas.V is currently pursuing PhD in Civil
Engineering at JNTUH College of Engineering.
He has obtained B.Tech degree and M.Tech from
JNTU Hyderabad. . He has published five
National/ International conference papers. He is
also visiting faculty for JNFAU-SPA, SSJCE and
other Engineering Colleges.
K. Jagannadha Rao is Professor in Civil
Engineering at CBIT College of Engineering
Hyderabad. He has 22 years of experience in
teaching and research. He is currently guiding 4
PhD scholars and published over 40 papers in
various international /national journals and conferences. He is
also associated with various professional bodies and also
reviewer for many national and international journals
including elsevier journal. Member of Technical/Organising
committee for many International and National Conferences