IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Performance evaluation of cold recycling experimental stretch constructed wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are mainly overlaying, recycling and reconstruction. In the recycling process the material from deteriorated pavement, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), is partially or fully reused and it is a valuable approach for technical, economical, and environmental reasons. Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) is one of the cold methods of recycling the bituminous pavements. In this study an experimental stretch is selected for FDR in which the full flexible pavement section and a predetermined portion of the underlying materials are milled and remixed with about 10 % of 10 mm down size aggregate and 30 % stone dust to match the Bituminous Concrete (BC) Grade-I mix limits and known quantity of RBI 81 stabilizer. Stabilization of RAP material with RBI grade 81 reduces the requirement of new materials, time of construction and increases the strength of the road. This report consist of a case study of road constructed at Jnanabharathi campus, Banglore University, which include assessment of existing pavement condition and the preparation of pavement surface for the construction of stabilized layer and construction aspects of pavement using RAP material stabilized with RBI grade 81. The report also presents results of some short term functional and structural condition studies on the study stretch. From the limited studies carried out it is concluded the RAP material can be used effectively by the stabilization with RBI grade 81. From the field studies it is concluded that the strength of the pavement increases with increase in RBI grade 81 dosages. Keywords: Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), RBI Grade 81, Full Depth Reclamation, Cold in Place Recycling (CIR).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Performance evaluation of cold recycling experimental stretch constructed wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are mainly overlaying, recycling and reconstruction. In the recycling process the material from deteriorated pavement, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), is partially or fully reused and it is a valuable approach for technical, economical, and environmental reasons. Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) is one of the cold methods of recycling the bituminous pavements. In this study an experimental stretch is selected for FDR in which the full flexible pavement section and a predetermined portion of the underlying materials are milled and remixed with about 10 % of 10 mm down size aggregate and 30 % stone dust to match the Bituminous Concrete (BC) Grade-I mix limits and known quantity of RBI 81 stabilizer. Stabilization of RAP material with RBI grade 81 reduces the requirement of new materials, time of construction and increases the strength of the road. This report consist of a case study of road constructed at Jnanabharathi campus, Banglore University, which include assessment of existing pavement condition and the preparation of pavement surface for the construction of stabilized layer and construction aspects of pavement using RAP material stabilized with RBI grade 81. The report also presents results of some short term functional and structural condition studies on the study stretch. From the limited studies carried out it is concluded the RAP material can be used effectively by the stabilization with RBI grade 81. From the field studies it is concluded that the strength of the pavement increases with increase in RBI grade 81 dosages. Keywords: Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), RBI Grade 81, Full Depth Reclamation, Cold in Place Recycling (CIR).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Durability Studies on Concrete and Comparison with Partial Replacement of Cem...IJERA Editor
This research work describes the feasibility of using the Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
(SCBA) waste in concrete production as a partial replacement of cement. This present work deals with the effect
on strength and mechanical properties of concrete using RHA and SCBA instead of cement. The cement has
been replaced by rice husk ash, accordingly in the range of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Concrete
mixtures with RHA, were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strengths with the
Conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for the test results of
7, 28, 60, 90 days for compressive strengths in normal water and in MgSO4 solution of 1%, 3% and 5%. Also
the durability aspect for rice husk ash concrete for sulphate attack was tested. Similarly the above tests were also
performed for SCBA. The result indicates that the RHA and SCBA improve concrete durability. Finally the test
results for RHA and SCBA were compared. Key words: Rice Husk Ash, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Concrete,
M35 grade concrete, cubes, cylinders, MgSO4, durability.
Experimental study on strength characteristics of concrete with recycled aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of providing eco-friendly concrete is gaining hike in the global construction industry. The depleting resources have made the researchers to focus on sustainable development in all areas and more particularly in concrete production, due to the high rate of growth of industries and their infrastructure development, which increase the rate of consumption of concrete. The practice of recycling of demolished concrete for use in sub grades has already been set up. However a new concrete that is produced with such a recycled concrete seems to have higher porosity, lower strength and modulus of elasticity when compared to normal conventional concrete. Some of the earlier studies have attempted to improve the recycled material so as to reduce its high porosity. From review of literature it is found that studies under rural roads using recycled aggregates was done. This project deals with the use of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements replacing natural aggregates in rural roads. The tests are conducted for various proportion mix of Recycled aggregates and Natural aggregates.M30 grade of concrete is being used for the design .Aggregates at maximum size of 20mm is taken. The required strength for rigid pavements under recycled aggregates is being evaluated in this project. The ultimate aim is to attain a suitable strength on usage of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements in rural roads thus to implement cost effective nature and durability.
Keywords: sustainable development, rigid pavements, recycled aggregates etc..
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Durability Studies on Concrete and Comparison with Partial Replacement of Cem...IJERA Editor
This research work describes the feasibility of using the Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
(SCBA) waste in concrete production as a partial replacement of cement. This present work deals with the effect
on strength and mechanical properties of concrete using RHA and SCBA instead of cement. The cement has
been replaced by rice husk ash, accordingly in the range of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Concrete
mixtures with RHA, were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strengths with the
Conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for the test results of
7, 28, 60, 90 days for compressive strengths in normal water and in MgSO4 solution of 1%, 3% and 5%. Also
the durability aspect for rice husk ash concrete for sulphate attack was tested. Similarly the above tests were also
performed for SCBA. The result indicates that the RHA and SCBA improve concrete durability. Finally the test
results for RHA and SCBA were compared. Key words: Rice Husk Ash, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Concrete,
M35 grade concrete, cubes, cylinders, MgSO4, durability.
Experimental study on strength characteristics of concrete with recycled aggr...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of providing eco-friendly concrete is gaining hike in the global construction industry. The depleting resources have made the researchers to focus on sustainable development in all areas and more particularly in concrete production, due to the high rate of growth of industries and their infrastructure development, which increase the rate of consumption of concrete. The practice of recycling of demolished concrete for use in sub grades has already been set up. However a new concrete that is produced with such a recycled concrete seems to have higher porosity, lower strength and modulus of elasticity when compared to normal conventional concrete. Some of the earlier studies have attempted to improve the recycled material so as to reduce its high porosity. From review of literature it is found that studies under rural roads using recycled aggregates was done. This project deals with the use of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements replacing natural aggregates in rural roads. The tests are conducted for various proportion mix of Recycled aggregates and Natural aggregates.M30 grade of concrete is being used for the design .Aggregates at maximum size of 20mm is taken. The required strength for rigid pavements under recycled aggregates is being evaluated in this project. The ultimate aim is to attain a suitable strength on usage of recycled aggregates for rigid pavements in rural roads thus to implement cost effective nature and durability.
Keywords: sustainable development, rigid pavements, recycled aggregates etc..
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Influence of alkaline substances (carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium) in w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of cmos comparator and cntfet comparator designeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using ficus benghal...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An analysis of raw materials for concretes as metal sheets for solar radiatio...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Evaluation the affects of mimo based rayleigh network cascaded with unstable ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An experimental study of square footing resting on geo grid reinforced sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigations on the performance of bituminous mixes with recla...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The green aggregates for sustainable development in construction industryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Compressive strength of concrete with fly ash, nanosilica and recycled aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract In this study, concrete mix was prepared using recycled aggregates (RA) which were retrieved from demolished concrete blocks. Pozzolanic materials like fly ash (FA) and nanosilica (NS) were used as partial replacement of cement by weight in varying percentages i.e. 10%, 20% 30% and 2%, 3%, 4% respectively. The experimental work was focused on investigating the effect of nanosilica and fly ash on fresh properties and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). To examine the fresh properties of concrete, slump test was performed for workability requirements. It was observed from experimental results that with the increase in percentage of recycled aggregates in concrete, compressive strength decreases but workability was not affected up to 50% variation of recycled aggregates. Results showed that with the addition of nanosilica compressive strength of concrete was increased but workability was decreased with the increase in percentage of nanosilica. The use of fly ash in addition to nanosilica (30% RA+3% NS + 10% Fly Ash) improved both the workability and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Keywords: Compressive strength, Recycled aggregates (RA), Nanosilica (NS), Fly Ash (FA), Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
ALTERNATE AND LOW COST CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL: RICE HUSK ASH (RHA)AM Publications
Due to pozzolanic reactivity, Rice Husk Ash is used as a supplementary cementing material in concrete. It has
economical and technical advantages to be used in concrete. I am going to replace cement by the use of RHA by 5%,10% &
15% by weight of cement in three different experiment to find out the maximum strength and compare it with the strength of
normal concrete by using the grade of M20 at the days of 7 and 14. This research therefore is an investigation of the
performance of the concrete made of partially replacing OPC with RHA on the structural integrity and properties of RHA
concrete.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of scc and rca for sustainable construction – eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources (Coarse Aggregate). Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
A study on use of cowdung ash and rice husk ash in concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper present the experimental study of CDA and RHA as partial replacement of ordinary portland cement in M:15 mix proportional ratio 1:2:4 is used and tested for consistency limit ,setting time, workability of CDA and RHA with ordinary portland cement .cement was replace with CDA and RHA by weight of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25% respectively in concrete. Compressive strength test was carried out on 150x150x150mm3 concrete cube after 7, 14, and 28 days curing. It was observed that optimum content of CDA and RHA is 5% at that content maximum compressive strength is achieved. While workability decreases when increasing % of CDA and RHA in concrete and setting time also increases by increasing replacement in cement. KEYWORDS:- Cement concrete, Compaction factor, Compressive strength, Consistency Cow dung ash, Rice husk ash, Setting time.
Effect of mill scale and fly ash waste on the performance of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper investigates effect of mill scale and fly ash wastes as a replacement of fine aggregate generally natural sand on the performance of cement mortar. Utilization of fly ash and mill scale in cement mortar production not only provides significant environmental benefits but also enhances performance of the cement mortar when used at optimum amounts. They may be used in the form of finely ground additive to replace part of aggregates in cement mortar. This study looked at the feasibility of mill scale and fly ash waste inclusion as partial aggregate replacement in normal cement mortar. Properties of cement mortar incorporating fly ash and mill scale waste as partial substitution for natural aggregate were investigated. The study involves six replacement levels of mill scale and fly ash wastes into cement mortar for each mix design. Mortar cubes are tested for strength, & water absorption. The partial replacement of fine aggregate by M(3,30), M(5,30), M(8,30), M(10,30), M(12,30), M(15,30) ( M-mix of mill scale & fly ash %) improves the properties of normal mortar. In the design mix of industrial wastes produced, percentage of fly ash is kept constant (30 %) and mill scale is varied from 0 to 15 % by weight of natural sand. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of mill scale and fly ash modified mortar are improved to a great extent, whereas the water absorption is reduced as compared to that of plain mortar.
Keywords: Mill Scale, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Durability, Water Absorption, Density
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Similar to Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile (20)
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
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Halogenation process of chemical process industries
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 226
EFFECT OF USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS ON INDIRECT TENSILE
STRENGTH OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXES
Shunyashree1
, Tejas Bhavimane2
, M.R.Archana3
, M S Amarnath4
1, 2
IV 1
semester, M.Tech, 3
Assistant Professor, 4
Professor-Civil Engineering, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore,
India
shunyashree@gmail.com, tejasbavimane@ymail.com, archana.mosale@gmail.com, amarnath_ms@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300
C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Recycling has been successfully used at many places world
over and has shown good performances. Asphalt pavement
recycling technology is not so popular in India, but gaining its
popularity because of its valuable approach for technical,
environmental and economical reasons. By volume, aggregate
generally accounts for 92 to 96 percent of AC and about 70 to
80 percent of Portland cement concrete. Aggregate is also used
for base and sub-base courses for both flexible and rigid
pavements. Aggregates can either be natural or manufactured.
Natural aggregates are generally extracted from larger rock
formations through an open excavation. While several factors
influence the use of RAP in asphalt pavement, the two primary
factors are economic savings and environmental benefits. RAP
is a useful alternative to virgin materials because it reduces the
use of virgin aggregate and the amount of virgin asphalt binder
required in the production of hot mix asphalt. The use of RAP
also conserves energy, lowers transportation costs required to
obtain quality virgin aggregate, and preserves resources.
Additionally, using RAP decreases the amount of construction
debris placed into landfills and does not deplete non renewable
natural resources such as virgin aggregate and asphalt binder.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Recycling asphalt creates a cycle that optimizes the use of
natural resources and sustains the asphalt pavement industry.
Based on the recent studies, in USA, 33 million tons of RAP is
used per year for recycling purpose which is around 80% of
the total amount of RAP collected from old bituminous
pavements. The amount of RAP used for recycling per year is
about 0.84 million tons in Sweden, 7.3 million tons in
Germany, 0.53 million tons in Denmark and around 0.12
million tons in Netherlands. Pavement recycling-an overview:
This discusses about the various recycling materials and they
also study the advantages of RAP over other recycling
material. Which includes, According to a report published by
the Federal Highway Administration (1997), in the United
States of America, asphalt pavement is the most recycled
product (in terms of tonnage) compared to others such as
newsprint, glass bottles, aluminum cans and plastic containers.
The conclusion is as follows, as resources become scarcer and
environmental concern becomes more widespread, it is
anticipated that pavement recycling will become more
important in the coming years. Use and Reuse of materials
have gained high importance in recent years. Depleting natural
resources, reuse of available resources can effectively cut
down cost and save environment. The literature review
indicates that not many studies are on use of reclaimed asphalt
pavement in bituminous mixes have been tried hence
necessitating the study.
2.1 Need for Study
The main emphasis of this study was to reuse the high
invested pavement material for its best instead of burying it in
underneath layers over the new pavement. Depleting natural
resources and increase in cost gives way to use of RAP for the
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 227
pavement. Reuse of available resources can effectively cut
down cost and save environment. Though use of RAP in base
and sub base courses have been explode, full fledged use is yet
to be undertaken under field conditions. Also, use of RAP in
binder courses is less explored. In this work an effort has been
taken up to throw light on use of RAP in bituminous concrete
grade I mixes with laboratory investigations.
2.2 Objectives of Present Paper
1. To evaluate the improvement or changes in Marshall
properties namely stability, flow, bulk density, voids in
mineral aggregates (VMA), voids filled with bitumen
(VFB), optimum binder content for AC mixes with
varying percentage of RAP.
2. To compare the Marshall properties of AC mixes with
RAP and AC mixes with conventional aggregates and
bitumen or binder extracted aggregates.
3. To study the indirect tensile strength behaviour of
asphalt concrete mixes with conventional aggregate,
binder extracted aggregates and varying percentages of
Rap at 30o
C.
3. METHODOLOGY
For the present study RAP has been procured from the surface
course BC grade I of NH-4 from Sira near Tumkur. Black
sand a by-product from the foundry industry has been used as
filler in AC mix. Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB-55)
has been used as the binder material since the procured RAP
contained the CRMB-55 binder. For the present study, an
attempt has been made to investigate the effect of RAP in
asphalt concrete.RAP without binder extraction has been tried
at trial percentages of 30, 40, 50, and 60. For comparison,
laboratory properties of AC mixes with conventional
aggregate was tried. Also an attempt has been made to use
binder extracted RAP aggregate in AC mixes. In all the cases,
foundry waste has been used as replacement to conventional
fine aggregates and filler.
Coarse aggregates: Conventional aggregate were collected
from local quarry. These were replaced with 30, 40, 50 and 60
percentage of RAP. Hence basic properties of both
conventional and RAP were conducted and are as presented in
Table1.
Fine aggregates: Foundry waste has been used as fine
aggregate in extracted RAP AC mixes for the size 300 and 150
microns, For 30, 40, 50, 60, percentages of RAP AC mixes
2.36 mm and 1.18 mm RAP fines are used. Conventional
aggregates are used for missing blending proportions of RAP.
For binder extracted RAP aggregates foundry waste are used
as substitute for fine aggregate.
Table 1 Basic properties of conventional and RAP aggregates
Sl no Aggregate tests
Conventional
aggregates
RAP
aggregates
Requirements as per Table 500-14 of
MoRT&H
(IV revision)
Specifications
1 Crushing value (%) 22.7 21.1 Max 30%
2 Impact value (%) 19 16.08 Max 27%
3 Los Angeles abrasion value (%) 21.50 20 Max 35%
4
Flakiness and Elongation Index
(Combined) (%)
29.52 26 Max 30%
5 Water absorption (%) 0.162 0.11 Max 2%
6
Aggregate specific gravity
1.Coarse aggregate
2.Fine aggregate
2.65
2.7
2.69
2.31
2.5-3.0
Filler: The foundry collected is a byproduct which is used as a
raw material for cement industry. Fills the voids between the
fine aggregates, stiffens the binder and offers permeability.
Black sand byproduct of foundry industry was used as filler in
asphalt mix. The foundry waste was collected from Dakshin
industry near Hoskote, Bangalore. The chemical composition
of foundry waste is as shown in table 2. The percentage of
silica being 89.49% encouraged the use of foundry waste as
fine aggregates and filler as a replacement to conventional
aggregate and cement respectively. Specific gravity of foundry
waste was found to be 2.56.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Table 2 Chemical composition of Foundry waste
Source: Raghavendra Spectro Metallurgical Laboratory, Bangalore.
Binder: Fills the voids and also cause particle adhesion.
Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB-55) is used in the
mix as the procured RAP contained the same binder in the
aggregates which was used without extraction.
Table 3 Basic properties of Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB-55)
Sl.No Parameter Value (%)
1 Calcium Carbonate 0.60
2 Magnesium Carbonate 0.10
3 Silica 89.49
4 Titanium di Oxide 0.68
5 Alumina 2.40
6 Manganese Oxide 0.03
7 Magnesium Oxide 0.03
8 Calcium Oxide 0.34
9 Potassium Oxide 2.60
10 Phosphorus Pentoxide 0.01
11 Barium Oxide 0.03
12 Loss of Ignition 3.68
SL
No.
Test Conducted Test results
Requirements as per
IRC SP:53-2002
1 Penetration at 250
C,0.1 mm, 100gm, 5sec 56 <60
2 Softening point (R&B), (0
C) 56 55(minimum)
3 Flash point,0
C 310 220 (minimum)
4
Elastic Recovery of half thread in ductilometer at
150
C, %,
60 50 (minimum)
Thin film oven test (TFTO) on residue
5 Penetration at 250
C,0.1 mm, 100gm, 5sec 64 60(minimum)
6 Increase in softening point (R&B), (0
C), 5 6(maximum)
7
Elastic Recovery of half thread in ductilometer at
250
C, %
45 35(minimum)
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Aggregate gradation: Bituminous concrete mix of grading-I,
was chosen as per clause 500-18, of MoRT&H (IV revision)
specifications. Table 4 shows the gradation adopted for the
mix.
Table 4 Aggregate gradation as per MoRT&H (IV revision) for Asphalt concrete grade-I mix
Sieve size in, mm Adopted mid gradation
% Weight
Retained
Weight retained,
grams
26.5 – 19 89.5 10.5 129
19 - 13.2 69 20.5 247
13.2 - 9.5 62 7 88
9.5 - 4.75 45 17 205
4.75 - 2.36 36 9 111
2.36 - 1.18 27 9 111
1.18 - 0.6 21 6 76
0.6 - 0.3 15 6 80
0.3 - 0.15 9 6 76
0.15 - 0.75 5 4 53
4. MARSHALL METHOD OF MIX DESIGN
Marshall Tests were conducted for asphalt concrete mixes
prepared with replacement of conventional coarse and fine
aggregate with RAP and filler with foundry waste with trial
percentages of 30, 40, 50, and 60. For comparison Marshall
tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with binder
extracted RAP aggregate and conventional aggregates.
CRMB-55 was used as binder since the source of RAP
contained the same binder. Foundry waste was used to replace
the conventional fine aggregate and filler. The Marshall test
results for AC mixes with conventional and bitumen extracted
RAP aggregates are as shown in Table 5. Marshall Test was
conducted in accordance with code ASTM D6926 – 04. Figure
1 to Figure 3 indicates the influence of Marshall properties of
RAP on asphalt concrete mixes.
Table.5 Marshall Properties of asphalt concrete mix with conventional aggregates and Bitumen extracted RAP aggregates
Sl.No AC mix with Marshall
stability, KN
Flow,
mm
VMA,% VFB,% OBC,
%
Bulk density,
gm/cc
1
Conventional
aggregates
25.9 3.87 13.6 88.94 5.3 2.3
2
Bitumen
extracted
aggregates
27.11 3.81 13.60 87.57 5.2 2.29
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Fig1. Effect of RAP on Marshall Stability and flow of asphalt concrete mixes
Fig 2.Effect of RAP on VMA and VFB of asphalt concrete mixes
Fig3 Effect of RAP on OBC and bulk density of asphalt concrete mixes
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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4.1 Indirect Tensile Strength Test
Indirect tensile strength tests were conducted on asphalt
concrete mixes at optimum binder content for 30, 40, 50, 60
percentages of RAP aggregates. For comparison asphalt
concrete mixes prepared with conventional aggregates and
binder extracted RAP aggregates were tested for indirect
tensile strength. The tests were conducted on unconditioned
specimens at 30oC.
The indirect tensile test is performed by loading a cylindrical
specimen with a single or repeated compressive load
according to ASTM D 6931 test, which acts parallel to and
along the vertical diametric plane. This loading configuration
develops a relatively uniform tensile stress perpendicular to
the direction of the applied load and along the vertical
diametric plane, which ultimately causes the specimen to fail
by splitting along the vertical diameter.
4.2 Indirect Tensile Strength Test Results
The tests were conducted on the asphalt concrete mixes
prepared for both conventional and RAP specimens with 30,
40, 50, 60 percent without extraction, 100 percent RAP with
extraction with test temperature of 300C. Table 6 and 7 shows
the indirect tensile strength test results and the same is
graphically represented as shown in figure4.
Table.6 Effect of RAP on ITS of AC mixes at 300
C.
Table7 Indirect tensile strength test results for 0, 100 percent
extracted RAP aggregates at 300
C.
Fig4. Effect of RAP on indirect tensile strength in AC mixes
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Marshall Stability and indirect tensile strength test were
conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60%
RAP aggregate. For comparison, tests were also conducted on
asphalt concrete mixes with conventional and bitumen
extracted aggregate. From table 5 and figure 1 to figure 3
following inferences was withdrawn.
1. The Marshall Stability and bulk density of AC mixes
initially decreased and further increased with the increase
in RAP aggregates. Stability value obtained satisfied the
requirements as per Table 500-19, MoRT&H (IV
revision).
2. The flows increased with increase in RAP content and
were in the permissible limit as per Table 500-19,
MoRT&H (IV revision). But the AC mix with 60% RAP
showed the maximum flow which was more than the
permissible limits.
3. Percentage of voids in mineral aggregates and optimum
binder content decreased with the increase of RAP
aggregates in AC mixes.
4. Percentage of voids filled with bitumen increased and
decreased as the RAP contentment was increased. This
was not in permissible limits as per Table 500-19,
MoRT&H (IV revision) due to the presence of bitumen
content of RAP.
5. The stability of AC mixes was found to be increased by
28.6%, 26.29%, 13.16%, 46.6% and 4.67% for 30, 40,
50, 60% and bitumen extracted aggregates as compared
to conventional mixes. Due to the presence of hard aged
binder the stability has increased when compared with
conventional mix.
6. It was found that optimum binder content decreased by
14.5%, 21.5%, 23.9%, 24.5% and 1.8% for 30, 40, 50,
60% and bitumen extracted aggregates as compared to
conventional mixes. The presence of bitumen content in
the RAP has influenced the optimum binder content to
decrease with respect to conventional mix.