It is intersecting topic in a mechanical engineering flied which will full fill the things relative to the air brake system and also doubt regarding the brake system in railways .
As we seen the brake system in rails in your day to day life.
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
It is intersecting topic in a mechanical engineering flied which will full fill the things relative to the air brake system and also doubt regarding the brake system in railways .
As we seen the brake system in rails in your day to day life.
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
Air braking in Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)Deepak Kumar
A detailed presentation on the topic "Air braking in heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs)". The ppt contains working and technical details of Air Braking System. Main components like Air Compressor, Reservoir, Unloader Valve, Brake Valve, Brake Chamber, Quick Release Valve and Relay Valve has been explained in details in this ppt.
Electronic Brake force distribution (EBFD)Felis Goja
EBD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's wheels based on road conditions, speed, loading on wheel etc.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Air braking in Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)Deepak Kumar
A detailed presentation on the topic "Air braking in heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs)". The ppt contains working and technical details of Air Braking System. Main components like Air Compressor, Reservoir, Unloader Valve, Brake Valve, Brake Chamber, Quick Release Valve and Relay Valve has been explained in details in this ppt.
Electronic Brake force distribution (EBFD)Felis Goja
EBD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's wheels based on road conditions, speed, loading on wheel etc.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Air Brakes
This presentation will cover the basics of air brakes that are commonly
found on tractor-trailers (Class 8 trucks).
2. Air Brakes
A moving vehicle is a form of energy. The energy comes from the
fuel that is burned by the vehicle’s engine. To stop a moving vehicle,
its energy must be changed into another form by the brake system.
Air brake systems are used on large commercial vehicles because
they can develop and transmit high mechanical forces over great
distances using simple components and connections. Air brake
systems use compressed air, which is stored in tanks, to produce the
force that applies the brakes at each wheel.
3. Air Brakes
Air brake design and performance are governed by safety
regulations in Canada and the United States.
These Standards are commonly referred to as Document #121 and
has been in effect since 1975.
In Canada the air brake systems must comply with the Motor
Vehicle Safety Act, and technical Standards Document # 121 of
North America.
Common 121 standards:
• Dash warning light off when air pressure reaches 60psi.
• Air build from 85-100psi within 40 seconds
4. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Foundation Brake Components:
Drum brake system (S-Cam type most common)
Disc brake system
Air Supply subsystem
Primary and Secondary subsystem
Spring Brake (Parking and Emergency) subsystem
5. Air Brakes
Foundation Brake Components:
S-Cam Drum Brake
Very common, e.g., found on most highway trucks/trailers
Applied air to brake chamber, moves push rod to pivot slack
adjuster
Slack adjuster “rotates” S-Cam shaft to apply brakes
Brake shoe rollers “ride-up” S-Cam, spreading brake shoes
against brake drum.
6. Air Brakes
Foundation Brake Components:
S-Cam Drum Brake
New brake chamber and brake linings
You should always clean off (power wash) old brakes before
disassembly. Dust may contain harmful resins, etc.
Note: Asbestos is no longer used as a brake lining material.
7. Air Brakes
Foundation Brake Components:
S-Cam Drum Brake
Cast alloy steels or fabricated steel. They have different C.O.F.
and should never be mixed.
16.5 inch most popular.
Organic brake linings are essentially composed of glue and a
strengthening material, this used to be asbestos but today
different materials are used because asbestos is a health hazard.
8. Air Brakes
Foundation Brake Components:
Disc Brakes
Disc brake systems are becoming popular
Less maintenance, and much lighter weight = saving$
9. Air Brakes
Foundation Brake Components:
Disc Brakes
Air in the service chamber pushes the internal lever to move the
“bridge” (which acts much like a caliper piston in hydraulic brakes) to
exert force on the inboard brake pad.
Since the caliper “floats” on two pins, the movement of the caliper
forces the outer brake pad against the rotor -- this clamping action of
the brake pads on the rotor applies braking force to the wheel
10. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air System
The diagram below illustrates the routing of airlines/valves
on a truck
11. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air System
The diagram below
illustrates the
routing of airlines
and components
on a truck/trailer
12. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem
The air supply system consists of the following:
Air compressor, belt driven or mounted directly to the
engine (gear driven)
Governor
“Wet” air tank
Pop-off safety valve
One-way check valve
Air dryer (optional) Air governor
mounted on
air compressor
13. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Compressor
As the piston moves downward,
air is drawn into the cylinder
14. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Compressor
As the piston moves upward,
air is “pushed” out of the
cylinder
15. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Compressor
Once maximum pressure is
reached (120 psi), the
governor directs air pressure
to the unloader port of the
air compressor
Basically the “Unloader”
functions by keeping the
intake valve open, thus
no longer creating compressed
air.
16. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Governor
The air governor is adjusted to direct air to the unloader port of
the air compressor, usually around 120 to 125 psi
The cut-in pressure is around 20 to 25psi below the cut out value
17. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Tanks (reservoir
tanks)
In accordance with Document #121, three air tanks are required.
Wet or Supply tank.
Primary tank .
Secondary tank
18. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Tanks (reservoir
tanks)
Must store 12 times combine volume of all service brake chambers
at maximum travel of diaphragms.
All tanks under Document #121 requires drain taps. (drain daily)
Tested at 500psi or 3448kpa.(Safety)
Two compartments in one tank. ( Wet and Primary)
Tanks are located usually under or around the frame of the vehicle.
19. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Air Dryer (Optional)
Many air brake systems utilize an air dryer
Air dryers also act as a “filter” to
maintain a clean and dry air system.
“Automatically” purges collected moisture
by the air directed to the purge valve from
the unloader port of the air governor
21. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Air Supply Subsystem – Safety Pop Off Valve
The safety pop off valve is used on
the airbrake system to allow excess
air pressure to release once
pressure reaches 150psi.
This valve is located any where in
the supply circuit. (supply tank)
If leaking check the unloading
circuit of the supply circuit.
Malfunctioning valves are rare.
22. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem
The dual circuit design means that in case of air loss in one
circuit the brakes will still be apply on those wheels connected to
the other circuit.
The signaling pressure in both the primary and the secondary
circuits are metered from the foot valve (treadle valve).
Metered air: Metered air means signal pressure ( applied ) from
the foot valve. (Treadle)
The relay valves will get the same metered signal from the foot
valve. (relay valve)
23. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem
System fills the service air tanks first, ensuring that enough air is
available to operate the service brakes before spring brakes are
released through a check valve. (trailers only).
24. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem
Since most brake-system designs use dual circuits, air is drawn
from both the primary and secondary tanks and is directed to
specific wheels on the vehicle.
The wheels that receive air through the primary or secondary
circuits vary, depending on the vehicle manufacturer.
The dual-circuit design means that if one circuit fails, the brakes
will still operate on the wheels connected to the other circuit.
25. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Pressing the brake pedal allows the driver to
control the air pressure applied to the
service brakes ( METERED AIR).
Brake feel in the pedal comes from a rubber
block and spring.
Air enters and exits to the two circuits.
(Primary and Secondary)
The primary piston pushes the relay
(secondary) piston with a cushion of air.
26. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Relay valves are primarily used on long wheelbase vehicles to
apply and release rear axles service or parking brakes.
They are air operated, graduating control valves of high capacity
and fast response.
Upon signal pressure from the service brake valve, they
graduate, hold or release air pressure from the chambers to
which they are connected.
They are generally mounted close to the chambers they serve.
27. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Relay valves are available in both remote and reservoir mount
designs and feature inlet/exhaust valve cartridge replacement
without line removal.
28. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Metered air (controlled from brake pedal/treadle valve) is
directed to the service chambers. The service chambers exert
force through a push-rod to move the slack adjuster (S-Cam) or a
lever (disc)
29. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Brake chamber size: Sized by the effective sectional area of the
diaphragm.
Measured in square inches. ( 30/30 series)
30. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
When air enters the brake chamber through the inlet port it acts
upon the diaphragm, pushing the plate and pushrod assembly
forward. The pushrod then acts upon the slack adjuster which
moves the S-cam assembly .
The yoke is connected to a slack adjuster, which in turn is
connected to the brake cam shaft.
The greater the air pressure admitted to the brake chamber the
greater the force applied by the pushrod.
Pressure is determined by multiplying the delivered air pressure
by the effective diaphragm area.
Example:
If 60psi is admitted to the chamber that has a diaphragm of 30
square inches the lineal force on the end of the pushrod is
approximately 1800 pounds.
31. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Adjusters are used to connect the brake chamber with the S- cam
shaft and allow for adjustment of brakes.
Slack adjusters are the mechanical link between the brake
chamber and the foundation brake assembly.
The adjuster is attached to the brake chamber push rod by
means of a clevis and pin.
The amount of leverage potential depends on the
distance between the clevis pin and the fulcrum
formed at the centerline of the S- cam.
This is known as “ LEVERAGE FACTOR”.
32. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Primary and Secondary Subsystem – Operation
Out of adjustment
33. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Spring Brake Subsystem
Must provide a fail safe or emergency braking function to all air
brake equipped vehicles stated by document #121.
Combining emergency braking with the vehicle service brakes.
(dual brake chambers)
Spring brake chambers apply the brakes by means of a large coil
spring.
To release the spring brakes 60psi of air pressure must be
supplied to the spring brake chambers.
34. Air Brakes
Components of Air Brakes:
Spring Brake Subsystem
DO NOT TAMPER WITH CHAMBER. Only remove “service”
portion of brake chamber – CAGE spring brake first before
removing.
Exerts force up to 1800psi (spring force)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgRPTOK8Q9k
35. Air Brakes
Helpful websites:
Ontario Ministry of Transportation:
The Official Air Brake Handbook, helpful basics created to help
drivers to complete the “Z” endorsement of a commercial vehicle
drivers’ license.
http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/handbook/airbrake/index.shtml
Youtube:
Be selective for a reputable source, Youtube has some very good
videos that are informative.
36. Air Brakes
Finished?
Complete the 15 question quiz to complete this training module.
This training module is only for awareness, any work completed
on an air brake system should done under the guidance of an
experienced/qualified technician. (Personal injury and vehicle
damage may occur otherwise.)
The End