This is the hand book made by Jhansi Division of Indian Railways for the benefit of Railwaymen in particular to the staff involved in C&W maintenance. Excellent effort by the team.
This is the hand book made by Jhansi Division of Indian Railways for the benefit of Railwaymen in particular to the staff involved in C&W maintenance. Excellent effort by the team.
This manual consist of maintenance of Air Braking System in Wagons of Indian Railways.It consist of overhauling assembly of air braking system approved by Research Development and Standard Organization (RDSO), Lucknow.
This manual consist of maintenance of Air Braking System in Wagons of Indian Railways.It consist of overhauling assembly of air braking system approved by Research Development and Standard Organization (RDSO), Lucknow.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Air brakes in BOXNHL wagon
1. Name :- Vibhanshu Kumar Jha
College :- CMR Institute of Technology
Mechanical Workshop Railway
PROJECT REPORT
2018
(AIR BRAKES)
2. A. Introduction
i) Indian railways
ii) History of Mechanical Workshop Samastipur
iii) Brief about Wagons
iv) Brief about Equipment in workshop
B. Project study
i) Introduction to braking system
ii) Parts of air brake system
iii) Function of Different parts
Of An AIR BRAKE
iv) Brake Rigging
v) Schematic of The Twin Pipe
system Air Brake
vi) Operation and working of Air Brake
System in Trains
vii) Layout of twin pipe air brake system
viii) Extra fact
ix) Things to remember
x) Bibliography
3. Indian railway is a state owned railway company of India. It comes under Ministry
of Railways. Indian railway has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the
world, transporting over 22 million passangers and more than 2 million tonnes of
freight daily having revenue of 1.683 trillion INR. It is one of the largest
commercial or utility employer , by number of employees over 1.331 million
published as per March 2016.
Mechanical Workshop, Samastipur was established in 1881 for overhauling of
steam locomotive, POH of coaches and wagons. It originally belonged to Bengal &
North-Western Railway(BNWR) and subsequently merged with Oudh Tirhut
Railway (OTR) on 1st April,1943, and later on after formation of Zones it became
part of North Eastern Railway (NER). Subsequently on recounstruction of zones it
came under East Central Railway (ECR). At present this workshop manufavtures
BOXNHL wagons. It is also ISO9001:2015 certified.
In 2009, the workshop achieved a rare feat by manufacturing stainless steel wagon
with axle Load capacity about 22.29 tonnes. Thus this workshop is entitled to be 2nd
unit of Indian Railways where steel wagons have been manufactured. These wagons
are less in weight in comparison to old conventional wagons and also have better
load capacity.
4. BOXNHL stands for B-Bogie O- Open X- High Speed N- Air Brake HL- Heavy
Loaded.
Major parts of wagon are :-
Under frame:- Itis madeup of 29 sub parts held together in its fixture. The majorcomponents
of under frame are Center Still, Sole Bar, Headstock, Bolster, CPT(Centre Pivot Top), Cross Bar
and Spatial Cross Bar ( 2 on eavh side of the bolster) etc.
The components are joined by Manual Metal Arc Welding and Submerged Arc Welding as per
requirement.
Side body
End body
Door
Axle,Bogie,Wheels & Bearings
Brake equipment and piping.
5.
6. The basic Wagon operation is carried by various machine available in workshop.
i) Lathe
ii) Drill Machine
iii) Shaping Machine
iv) Plasma Cutting Machine
v) Hydraulic Press
Following are the images of Workshop Machine:-
Lathe Plasma Machining
Hydraulic Press Drilling Machine
8. Braking System comprises of few mechanism working together in vehicles through
which its speed can be controlled or stopped in minimum time. Any moving train
has Kinetic Energy in order to stop them a contact material is applied to the wheel
which creates friction dissipating its Kinetic Energy in form of heat and eventually
train stops.
Nowadays, in Indian Railway train rely upon fail-safe air break for its breaking
system. It uses compressed air as the operating medium which is present in auxiliary
tank. It works on simple principle of pressure difference in piston cylinder
arrangement. The feed pipe is provided compressed air with pressure 6kg/cm2 and
Brake Pipe with compressed air at 5 kg/cm2
. Compressed air on pressure difference
pushes the bell crank lever which moves secondary brake beam which allows brake
drum to force onto wheel and reverse mechanism cause the same on primary brake
beam.
Earlier Vacuum based brakes were used in trains but with time they got replaced by
the air brake system due to more reliability, more brake power and less braking time
offered by air brake system. Air brake offers wide range of advantages over vacuum
brake both mechanically and economically.
9.
10. FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF AN AIR BRAKE
Air Hose Coupling Brake/Feed Pipe
All Brake Pipe(B.P.) and Feed Pipe (F.P.) in a train is connected via Air Hose. These
are high pressure hoses and are sometimes called palm end due to their palm like
end. The design of BP and FP are always kept different so that they don’t get
connected wrongly. These Air Hoses have a MU washer present inside them for
stopping the air leakage from coupling. The hoses can be sealed at the outer ends
of the train by closing the angle cocks.
11. Cut-off Angle Cock
These are fitted at end of each coach and wagon. If the handle pipe fitted above the
cock is in normal position then the cock is in open position and vice versa. In open
position, it allows the pressurized air to pass through them. When it gets closed it
stops the compressed air and releases the pressure of air hose to atmosphere via
their vent holes.
Centrifugal Dirt Collector
Dirt Collectors are installed above BP and FP. Their function is to filter the air flowing
inside the Brake pipe and Feed pipe. They ensure proper working of the equipments
ahead.
Check Valve with Choke
The valve acts as unidirectional valve allowing the compressed air to flow from FP
to AR (Auxiliary Reservoir) but not vice versa . Function of the choke is to charge the
AR of the whole train simultaneously.
Auxiliary Reservoir
The operation of the air brake on each vehicles relies on the difference in pressure
between one side of the triple valve piston and the other. In order to ensure there
is always a source of air available to operate the brake, an “auxiliary reservoir” is
connected to one side of the piston by the triple valve. The flow of air into and out
12. of the auxiliary reservoir is controlled by the triple valve. It is charged by a pressure
of 5kg/cm2 pressure in twin pipe system. Its capacity varies from 100L to 200L.
BRAKE CYLINDER
Brake cylinder is a piston cylinder arrangement which controls the movement of
brake block. These are fitted in horizontal piston inside the Brake Cylinder is
connected to a return spring that works accordingly with application of brake.
Diameter of Brake Cylinder is 355mm for conventional brakes whereas for
BMBS(Body Mounted Brake System) is 203mm.
Isolating Cocks
These are the system used for isolating coaches, brake cylinders, branch pipes etc.
during shutdowns or any malfunction.
Feed Pipe Isolating Cock
Fitted on the branch pipe of feed pipe, they can isolate a whole coach during
malfunction of brake pipe.
Brake Pipe Isolating Cock
These are mounted near the dirt collector and are connected to distributor
valve. If branch pipe shows any kind of anomality then by closing the cock air
can bypassed.
Brake Cylinder Isolating Cock
These are the two cocks installed on the pipes near the Brake Cylinder. In case
of any failure in any of the brake cylinder they isolate that cylinder and
maintain work uniformity.
Chain Pulling Isolating Cock
These cocks are mounted on the pipe connecting brake pipe to the chain
pulling system. If there is any abnormality in the chain pulling system or
13. Passenger Emergency valve or Passenger Emergency signal system the chain
pulling system can be shut in the coach by closing its cock.
MAIN RESERVOIR
Storage tank for compressed air for braking and other pneumatic systems.
Driver’s Brake Valve
The valve allows the driver to control the brake. The Brake Valve always have
atleast these five positions:
“Release”, “Running”, “Lap”, “Application” and “Emergency”.
Sometimes a “Shut Down” position is also there to lock the valve out of use.
The “Release” position connects the main reservoir to the brake pipe raising
its air pressure are quickly as possible to get a rapid release of brake.
In the “Running” position the feed valve is selected. This allows a slow feed to
be maintained into the brake pipe to counteract any small leaks or losses in
the brake pipe, connections and hoses.
“Lap” is used to shut off the connection between the main reservoir and the
brake pipe and to close off the connection to atmosphere after brake
application has been made. It can only be used to provide a partial application.
A partial release is not possible with the common forms of air brake,
particularly those used on US freight trains.
“Application” closes off the connection from the reservoir and opens the brake
pipe to atmosphere. The brake pipe pressure is reduced as air escapes. The
driver (and any observer in the know) can often hear the air escaping.
14. DISTRIBUTOR VALVE
It is one of the most important part braking system. The valve senses the
difference in pressure in the brake pipe and thus applies the brake accordingly.
A release valve is installed on the bottom of this valve which can be used to
release the pressure manually if required. It charges the control reservoir and
auxiliary reservoir when the pressure in brake pipe is charged by AR. Below
mentioned are some of the functions performed by the Distributor valve
during change in the pressure of brake valve:
To change the AR
To apply the brake in steps when the pressure on the brake
pipe is reduced in steps vice versa.
Release the air from brake cylinder to the atmosphere during
double charging and manual releasing of air.
Control the brake time and release time in goods or
passenger train.
Due to the presence of a special equipment for releasing the
pressure inside the distributor valve, it can release the
pressure of brake pipe throughout the length of the train.
It protects the CR from overcharging during brake releasing.
BRAKE RIGGING
16. OPERATION AND WORKING OF AIR BRAKE
SYSTEM IN TRAINS
There are three stages involved in the working of air brakes viz Charging, Brake
application, Releasing or Recharging.
The Charging Stage:- The compressor in the locomotive pressurizes the air from
atmosphere and fills the main reservoir with it. This compressed air is provided to
brake pipe and feed pipe. In twin pipe system, the air with a pressure of 6kg/cm2
in
feed pipe is charged to AR after getting filtered by dirt collector through isolating
cock and check valve choke. On the other hand, AR is also charged by the Brake Pipe.
As the CR & AR of the last wagon gets charged, the pressure gauze in the locomotive
as well as brake van reaches the estimated value. This state of train is called
“Charged state”.
*for twin pipe system time taken for charging is 10 to 12 minutes.
Air flow during charging:
17. BRAKE APPLICATION :-
Normally for applying the brakes, the driver has to put the A9 handle in full service
application state due to which drops the pressure in brake pipe by 1.5kg/cm2
. This
result in drop of pressure in the distributor valve of the whole train but the pressure
in the CR remains the same. The difference in pressure disturbs the DV resulting
connection of AR with brake cylinder and air from AR flows to brake cylinder. Thus,
the brake is applied to the wheels and train stops.
Time taken for Brake Application in twin pipe system is 3 to 5 seconds.
18. 3. Releasing or Recharging
When A9 handle is released by the driver, the brake pipe gets charged by
pressurized air (p= 5kg/cm2
). Also, all the distributor valves in train gets charged by
this air at pressure of 5kg/cm2
. When the pressure gets balanced the distributor
valve performs the following functions:
i) Removes the connection of AR with Brake cylinder.
ii) The compressed air inside the brake cylinder escapes to
the atmosphere via the exhaust port of distributor valve,
and the brake is released.
In twin pipe system, the AR gets charged continuously so brake releasing time
incurred is very less.
Time taken for releasing is 15-20 seconds in Twin pipe system.
22. THINGS TO REMEMBER
These brakes became popular because of high stopping power
compared to hydraulic brakes.
They are fail safe.
These are more economical than vacuum brake.
Air brakes take less brake time.
So, they are used in heavy vehicles like trains , trucks etc.
Sensitivity test brake pressure of 0.6kg/cm2
is applied for 6 sec and
brake should be applied.
Insensitivity test brake pressure of 0.3 kg/cm2
for 60 sec and brake
shouldn’t be applied.
Brake Pressure is maintained at 5kg/cm2
and Feed Pipe pressure is
maintained at 6 kg/cm2
.