It is intersecting topic in a mechanical engineering flied which will full fill the things relative to the air brake system and also doubt regarding the brake system in railways . As we seen the brake system in rails in your day to day life.

1. By
N.Ram kumar
AIR BRAKE SYSTEM

2. History
• This fail-safe air brake system is based upon the a patented by George
Westinghouse in 1872.
• An air brake is a conveyance braking system causes by compressed air.
• After 1872 by using air braking system baker’s used to brake the wheel.

3. Introduction
• A brake is a device by means of which artificial resistance is applied to
a moving body, in order to slow or stop the motion of the body.
• Brakes applied with the help of air pressure are called air brakes and
the system causes is called as Air brake system.

4. Working principle
• In the air brake's simplest form in which compressed air pushes on a
piston in a cylinder.
• The piston is connected through mechanical linkage to brake shoes
that can rub on the train wheels, using the resulting friction to slow
the train.
• The mechanical linkage can become quite elaborate, as it evenly
distributes force from one pressurized air cylinder to 8 or 12 wheels.

5. Types of air brake systems
The air brake system is mainly classified into three types on the base of
method and design development.
1.Straight air brake system
2.Westinghouse air brake system
3.Modern systems

6. Straight air brake
• Compressed air pushes on a piston in a cylinder.
• The piston is connected through mechanical linkage to
brake shoes that can rub on the train wheels, using the
resulting friction to slow the train.
• The mechanical linkage can become quite elaborate,
as it evenly distributes force from one pressurized air
cylinder.
• The pressurized air comes from an air compressor in
the locomotive.

7. Westinghouse air brake
Westinghouse invented a system wherein each
piece of railroad rolling stock was equipped
with an air reservoir and a triple valve, also
known as a control valve.
Unlike the straight air system, the Westinghouse
system uses a reduction in air pressure in the
train line to apply the brakes.

8. Triple valve
The triple valve is described as being so
named as it performs three functions:
1.Charging air into an air tank ready to
be used.
2.Applying the brakes
3.Releasing them.
In so doing, it supports certain other
actions

9. Modern systems
Modern air brake systems serve two functions:
1. The service brake system
2. The emergency brake system
The service brake system, which applies and releases the brakes during
normal operations.
The emergency brake system, which applies the brakes rapidly in the
event of a brake pipe failure or an emergency application by the engine
operator .

10. The principal parts of the air brake system

11. • The air is drawn into a compressor and stored in a main reservoir at 7-
10 bar.
• Compressed air from the main reservoir is distributed along the train
through the main reservoir pipe.
• On each vehicle, the pipe is connected through a triple valve to an
auxiliary reservoir.
• The flow of air between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinders
is controlled through the triple valve or distributor.
• The control of the distributor is achieved by varying the pressure in a
second pipe called the brake pipe, which is connected to a brake valve
in the drivers cab.
• Increasing the pressure in the brake pipe causes the brakes to release,
while decreasing the pressure causes the brakes to apply.

12. Brake in Release position

13. Brake in Application

14. TWO PIPES AIR BRAKE SYSTEM

15. • The second pipe of the two-pipe system is the main reservoir
pipe.
• This is simply a supply pipe running the length of the train
which is fed from the compressor and main reservoir.
• It performs no control function but it is used to overcome the
problem of critical loss of pressure in the auxiliary reservoirs
on each car.
• A connecting pipe, with a one-way valve, is provided between
the main reservoir pipe and the auxiliary reservoir.
• The one-way valve allows air from the main reservoir pipe to
top up the auxiliary reservoir.
• The one-way feature of the valve prevents a loss of auxiliary
reservoir air if the main reservoir pressure is lost.

16. Functions of components
Compressor
The pump which draws air
from atmosphere and compresses it
on the train.
Main reservoir
Storage tank for compressed
air for braking and other pneumatic
system.
Feed pipe and Breaking pipe
To ensure that the brake pipe
pleasure remains at the required
level.

17. Auxiliary Reservoir
It is continuously charged
through feed pipe. This ensures full
break force during emergency in
case of leakage in break cylinder.
Distributor
A distributor is simply a
sophisticated triple valve. It is
connected to Brake Pipe,Auxiliary
Reservoir and Brake Cylinder.
Triple valve
The orientation of the
brake on each vehicle is controlled
by tripled valve.

18. Advantages
• The supply of air is unlimited, so the brake system can never
run out of its operating fluid, as hydraulic brakes can.
• Air line couplings are easier to attach and detach than
hydraulic lines.
• Air brakes are effective even with considerable leakage

19. Disadvantages
• Whole braking system fails due to leakage of fluid from
brake linings.
• Additional cost is required to install this arrangement in the
vehicle.
• Complex construction.