The document provides guidelines on how to properly cite sources in research papers, emphasizing the importance of giving credit to original authors. It outlines various citation styles, including integral and non-integral citations, as well as patterns like summary, paraphrase, and quotations. Additionally, it discusses the purposes of citation, such as avoiding plagiarism and enhancing credibility, while providing examples for each citation method.

1. On CITING
sighted sites
JEFFREY A. LUCERO, MPMG, MAN, MAEd(C), CSE, RN, CHNS, SHNC
Congressional National High School

2. In research, citing your
information resources is a way of
showing your appreciation to the
other people who helped you
finish your work.
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3. Format
matters!
•APA Style
•MLA Style
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4. Parts of a
research
paper that
shows your
appreciation
for using
their ideas
• Acknowledgement
• References or
Bibliography
• Citation or In-text
Citation
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5. Purposes of
Citation
• To give importance and respect to other
people for what they know about the
field
• To give authority, validity, and
credibility to other people’s claims,
conclusions, and arguments
• To prove your broad and extensive
reading of authentic and relevant
materials about your topic
• To help readers find or contact the
sources of ideas easily
• To permit readers to check the accuracy
of your work
• To save yourself from plagiarism
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6. You consider the number of authors
in your in-text citation. (1)
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7. You consider the number of authors
in your in-text citation. (2)
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8. You consider the number of authors
in your in-text citation. (3)
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10. Styles of
Citation
(1)
• IntegralCitation
– Citing or referring to the author whose
ideas appear in your work
– It is done by using verbs like claim,
assert, state, and other verbs used to
express ideas, mental position, stand, or
opinion in relation to the subject being
talked about
• Examples
– According to Lucero (2017),
– Lucero (2017) revealed that ….
– Lucero et al. (2017) reported that….
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11. Styles of
Citation
(2)
• Non-IntegralCitation
– This downplays the strength of the
writer’s personal characteristics.
– The stress is given to the piece of
information rather than the owner of
the ideas.
• Examples
– Butterfinger is my favorite chocolate.
(Lucero, 2017)
– Kung tutunganga lang sa classroom, just
go home and eat bahaw. (Lucero &
Sanchez, 2017)
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12. Patterns of
Citation
• Summary
– It is citing a shortened version of the original
text that is written using your own words
• Paraphrase
– Contrasted to summary, it is explaining the
meaning of the text you are referring to. It may
exceed the number of words of the alluded text.
• Short Direct Quotation
– It is copying the exact words of a part of the
original author’s ideas. It should not exceed 40
words.
• Long Direct Quotation
– It is copying the exact words of a larger part of
the original author’s ideas. It should not exceed
100 words. Under APA, the limit is eight lines
and the copied sentences should be placed at
the center of the page with no indention.
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13. Summary (example)
• The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of this
deadly disease. The first case of HIV and AIDS in
the Philippines was reported in 1984. Realizing
the harm it may bring to the population, the
government right away took the necessary
preventive measures to halt the rapid spread of
the disease. In 1992, the Philippine National
AIDS Council was founded. This organization
serves as the focal group that addresses the
public issue on HIV and AIDS. Then, in 1998,
Republic Act 8504, also known as the Philippine
AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998, was
enacted. This legislation endeavors to provide
preventive and curative measures and services
for every Filipino against the threats of AIDS
through various government agencies and the
PNAC.
(Source: Lucero, 2017)
• Lucero (2017) stated that
the Philippines is among
the countries with HIV
cases. Because of the
danger it may bring to
Filipinos, the government
has taken some preventive
measures like establishing
the Philippine National
AIDS Council and passing
the Philippine AIDs
Prevention and Control Act
of 1998.
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14. Paraphrase (example)
• The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is
never an exception in the spread of this deadly disease.
(Source: Lucero, 2017)
• Lucero (2017) stated that he Philippines is among the
developing nations in ASIA with reported cases of HIV.
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15. Short Quotation (example)
• The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is
never an exception in the spread of this deadly disease.
(Source: Lucero, 2017, p.1)
• The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is
never an exception in the spread of this deadly disease.
(Lucero, 2017, p. 1)
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16. Long Quotation (example)
• The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is never an exception in the
spread of this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and AIDS in the Philippines
was reported in 1984. Realizing the harm it may bring to the population, the
government right away took the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the Philippine National AIDS Council was
founded.
(Source: Lucero, 2017)
• In the study of Lucero (2017), he revealed that the Philippines has been a
dwelling place for people with HIV. He cited:
The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is never an exception in the spread of this
deadly disease. The first case of HIV and AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984. Realizing
the harm it may bring to the population, the government right away took the necessary
preventive measures to halt the rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the Philippine National
AIDSCouncil was founded. (p.1)2/12/2017
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17. Writing Your
Reference List
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18. References from Print Sources
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23. References from Electronic
Sources
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26. References from Other Sources
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30. Let us practice
CITING
sighted sources.
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31. Summarize the passage below while
using the correct integral citation.
The professional socialization of nursing is associated with the specialized
knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and norms needed to perform the professional role.
Unlike other professions, nursing has three educational routes leading to eligibility for the
licensing exam and becoming a registered nurse. This has created controversy within the
profession and confusion for the public. At the core of the controversy over level of entry into
professional nursing is the definition of profession. Educational preparation at the
baccalaureate level provides a broader education to better address the body of knowledge.
Although nursing meets each of the criteria to some extent, some more factors are more
adequately addressed against nursing as a profession. The autonomous practice of nursing
has been a source of political activism on behalf of nurses. Whether nursing has a sufficiently
developed, unique body of knowledge is also in dispute. It may be concluded that nursing has
not yet achieved full professional status but is emerging as a profession.
Source: An Internet article written by J. A. Lucero and D. M. Sanchez entitled, “Professional
Socialization of Nursing” retrieved on 6January 2017 at www.charaught.com.
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32. Paraphrase the passage below while
using the correct non-integral citation.
The professional socialization of nursing is
associated with the specialized knowledge, skills,
attitudes, values, and norms needed to perform the
professional role.
Source: Master’s thesis of J. A. Lucero submitted in 2015 at Cavite State
University in Indang, Cavite
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33. Rewrite in short direct quotation the passage
below while using the correct non-integral
citation.
The professional socialization of nursing is associated
with the specialized knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and
norms needed to perform the professional role. Unlike other
professions, nursing has three educational routes leading to
eligibility for the licensing exam and becoming a registered
nurse. This has created controversy within the profession and
confusion for the public. At the core of the controversy over
level of entry into professional nursing is the definition of
profession.
Source: A book published in 2011 in Oxford written by Professors Jeff Lucero and Den
Sanchez. The title of the book is: Professional Socialization of Nursing and the
publisher was Oxford University press.The passage can be found on pages 5-6.
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34. Rewrite in long direct quotation the passage
below while using the correct integral citation.
The professional socialization of nursing is associated
with the specialized knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and
norms needed to perform the professional role. Unlike other
professions, nursing has three educational routes leading to
eligibility for the licensing exam and becoming a registered
nurse. This has created controversy within the profession and
confusion for the public. At the core of the controversy over
level of entry into professional nursing is the definition of
profession.
Source: An article in the journal: Nursing Today. It was written in 2015 by J. A. Lucero
and M Sharwood-Smith. The title of the article is: Professionalization of Nursing. It
was published in volume 6 and it is from page 101 to page 117.
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35. Using the APA style, make #TheList
of the references used in the preceding
exercises. 
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