This document provides definitions and history of nursing. It defines nursing according to the WHO and Florence Nightingale. It discusses the history of modern nursing founded by Florence Nightingale. Nursing in Nepal developed after 1972 when nursing schools came under Tribhuvan University. It discusses the development of nursing education from certificate to bachelor's and master's programs. It also discusses professional nursing organizations, ethics, types of healthcare facilities, hospital nursing, and concepts like patient admission, discharge, and ward orientation.

1. Introduction
of Nursing
and
Hospital Nursing
preparedby
Ms Shiwani Sah
Lecturer

2. Definition and history of
nursing, Professional
organizations and ethics

3. Definition of Nursing by WHO:
• Nursing encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of all
ages, families, groups, and
communities, sick or well, and in all
settings.
• It includes the promotion of health, the
prevention of illness, and the care of
ill, disabled, and dying people.

4. Definition of Nursing by
Florence Nightingale:
• Nursing is a profession within the health
care sector focused on the care of
individuals, families, and communities so
they may attain, maintain, or recover
optimal health and quality of life.

5. History
of
nursing

6. Introduction

8. The founder of Modern Nursing:
‘Florence Nightingale’
• (May 12, 1820 – August 13, 1910)
• She was English reformer, statistician and the founder of
modern nursing.
• Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a
manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War , in
which she organized care for wounded soldiers
at Constantinople.
• She became Icon of Victorian culture by giving nursing
favorable reputation.

22. Nursing in Nepal after 1972:
• In 1972,all health programs were placed under Tribhuvan
University. So the Nursing School Mahabauddha became
Nursing Campus Mahabauddha.
• This change reinforced the compulsory S.L.C. pass for all
new admissions,program changed from an annual system to
the semester system of studies to match the rest of the
university programs.
• Students received certificates in medical science from the
university when they passed their final examinations.
Nursing education was now reduced from three and half
years to three years of study

23. • In 1973,HRH Princess Prekshya Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah
joined the nursing training, nursing is accepted by society
and many young girls join the nursing training.
• In 1980,the university semester system changed back into
the annual system but the nursing education remained for
three years. Since 1981,admission requirement has been
S.L.C. pass with second division scoring merit in
Science,Mathematics and English.
• At present,there are seven nursing campuses in the
country: Maharajgunj,Lalitpur,Bir
Hospital,Pokhara,Biratnagar,Birgunj and Nepalgunj.

24. • The first ANM school was opened at Bharatpur in 1962
with the help of USAID.Later,another ANM extension
campus opened in Biratnagar in 1966; likewise in
Nepalgunj in 1969,in Tansen in 1973 and in Chhetrapati in
1975.
ANM extension campuses were upgraded to certificate
nursing campuses,such as Biratnagar Nursing Campus was
upgraded in 1982 and Nepalgunj Nursing Campus in 1987.
• Pokhara Nursing Campus was upgraded from Community
Medical Assistant(CMA) School in 1985;Birgunj Campus
was also upgraded from Health Assistant School to
Nursing Campus in 1986.One more nursing campus was
added in 1989 (2046 B.S.)

25. • A Bachelor Program of Nursing began at Maharajgunj
Nursing Campus in 1977(2034 B.S.) with more wmphasis
on midwifery.
• Later in 1987,the emphasis was changed to community
health nursing,adult nursing in 1983(2040) and child health
nursing in 1985(2042).In 1988(2045),all Bachelor Nursing
B.N. program was initiated with specialization.
• A masters program in Nursing has been started at the
Nursing Campus,Maharajgunj from 1995.

26. International Councils of
Nurses (ICN) Code
• The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses is a guide for action
based on social values and needs. It will have meaning
only as a living document if applied to the realities of
nursing and health care in a changing society.
• The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses is a statement of the
ethical values, responsibilities and professional
standards of nurses.
• It guides everyday ethical nursing practice and can serve
as a regulatory tool to guide and define ethical nursing
practice. practice.

27. Ethics
• The ethical principles that nurses must adhere to.
• Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that
concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing.
Principles of justice
• Beneficence: Good health and welfare of the patient.
• Non maleficence: Intentionally action that cause harm.
• Accountability: the fact or condition of being accountable;
responsibility.
• Fidelity: faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by
continuing loyalty and support.
• Autonomy: Autonomy (freedom to decide right to refuse),
• Confidentiality (private information)
• Veracity: conformity to facts; accuracy.

28. Ethics
10 ethical principles in nursing
• The 10 nursing ethical values: Human dignity,
privacy, justice, autonomy in decision
making, precision and accuracy in caring,
commitment, human relationship,
sympathy, honesty, and individual and
professional competency.

29. Professional organizations
• American Nurses Association (ANA)
• American Academy of Nursing
• International Council of Nurses
• National League for Nursing (NLN)
• Emergency Nursing Association (ENA)
• Sigma
• The American Board of Nursing
Specialties (ABNS)

30. Professional organizations
• NAN was established in 1962 (BS 2018 Magh
15) with the registration number 8/018, and
became a member of the International Council
of Nurses (ICN) in Geneva in 1969.
• Initially, it was registered as the Trained Nurses
Association of Nepal (TNAN).

31. Professional organizations
Nepal Nursing Council Act and Regulation.
• Nepal Nursing Council (NNC) is established
under Nepal Nursing Council Act 2052 (1996).
it came into force on 2053-03-02(16June 1996).
first amendment of the act was done on
2058/10/14 (17th January, 2002 A.D.)
Objectives:
• To protect a public, by establishing and
maintaining the register of nurses and midwives.
• To ensure the integrity of nursing and
midwifery practices.

32. Types of health care
agencies/Professional organizations
1. Hospitals
2. Long term care facilities
3. Retirement centres
4. Rehabilitation centres
5. Hospice services

33. Hospital nursing
• The English word “Hospital”originates from the latin
word ‘Hospile’ and french word ‘Hospitale’.
• In other words, Hospital is an institution in which sick
or injured persons are treated.
• Hospital nursing is the practice of providing direct
care to patients in a hospital setting. Hospital nurses
work with other health care providers, such as
physicians, to diagnose and treat patients, treat patients
with emergency or complex medical conditions, such as
heart attacks.

34. Consumer Professional Protection
• Consumer protection describes privacy,
confidentiality and security measures
that protect the personal health data of
users of health services.

35. Patient admission
• Admission to hospital can be traumatic
experience with anxiety and fear for any one. The
nurse is one of the most important persons that
client meet in hospital. The duration and severity
of illness influence his/her reaction to admission
procedure.
• Definition: Admission is defined as a allowing a
patient to stay in hospital for observation,
investigation, treatment and care.
or
• Admission is the entry of a patient into to a
hospital/ward for therapeutic/diagnostic purpose.

36. Patient admission
• To receive the patient and help him to adjust to hospital.
• To welcome and establish a positive initial relationship
with patient and relatives.
• To obtain needed identifying data concerning the patient.
• To provide immediate care, safety and comfort.
• To collabrate with patient in planning an providing
comprehensive care.
• To observe, report sign and symptoms and general
condition of patient.
• To secure safety of the patient and his belongings.

37. 1.Emergency admission: In this, patients are
admitted in acute conditions requiring
immediate treatment e.g. patient with
accidents, poisioning, burns and heart attack.
2. Routine admission: In this, patients are
amitted for investigation and medical or
surgical treatment. Treatment is given
according to patient’s problem . e,g. patients
with hypertension, diabetes and bronchitis.
Types

38. UNIT AND ITS PREPARATION
Unit: It is a place where the patient is
kept during hospital stay. The admitting
department notifies the unit prior to the
patient’s arrival so that room/bed can be
prepared.

39. Discharge planning/preparation
 Discharge preparation: Nurse is responsible for
ensuring that the patient is to be discharged.
 Discharge from the hospital should never come
unexpectedly to the patient or to any of those attending
them.
 His discharge should be planned from the time of his
admission and he should be informed sufficiently early of
the day he can leave the hospital.
 Physical consideration: Physical interventions for the
inpatient with impaired activity include direct physical
care related to patient’s health problems for example,
occupational therapy is one type of physical intervention

40. TYPES OF DISCHARGE
1) Cured and discharged when the treatment of the
patient is over from the hospital.
2) LAMA-Left against Medical advice, due to any
personal reasons of the patient.
3) DOR- Discharge on request.
4) Absconded- Patient may abscond i.e. leave the
hospital without any prior information.
5) Transferred to the other hospital-i.e. refer the patient
to other hospital for further treatment.
6) Relieved from hospital i.e. treatment is over.
7) Death: patient may expire during hospitalization.

42. Ward orientation
• Establish rapport with patient by introducing herself.
• Mentions the name of the ward to him.
• Introduces patient to ward staff around and other patients.
• Shows patient the nurses office, shows patient his bed.
• Shows patient the bathroom and the toilet.
• Shows patient dining hall and dayroom.
• Shows patient the patients’ cupboard and bed locker.
• Informs patient of ward activities.
• Tells patient whom to contact for any information.
• Encourages patient to ask questions.
• Thank patient and put him to bed.

43. Intra ward transfer
• Check the person for pain or other problems.
• A transfer can cause pain or make pain worse.
• Gather extra pillows.
• Look around the room.
• Check that equipment will not move during a
transfer.
• Secure all medical equipment on or near the person.

44. Thank you