For reference purposes

1. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

3. I’m your teacher!
Mr. Ranel N. Rabago, Lpt.

4. Nature of Academic Text
AcademicText
It is a product of communication
or piece of language used for
academic purposes or in relation
to academic courses or subjects.

5. Language Use
 A well- written text uses an
appropriate language and words
in delivering the message.
 It has to be appropriate to the
topic
 It should be suited to the reader

6. -Covers the writer’s tone of
writing: subjective or objective.

7.  Subjective tone of writing-
uses the writer’s personal and
bias judgment
 Objective tone of writing- uses
factual information and
arguments.

8.  The writer has to decide the
language and tone of writing
depending on the purpose of
writing.

9. Text Structure
1. Narration
- Basic strategy used by the writers for
presenting action.
-Tells a story or explains a sequence of
events
- Screen and present details which explains
the significance of the event.

10. Text Structure
1.Narration
a. Narratives- retell a past events.The
sequence of events can be
presented using strategies like
flashback- to previous events, and
flash-forward- to the present or
future.

11. Text Structure
 1. Narration
b. Objective Narration- presents facts
to screen an accurate time line of
events.
c. Subjective Narration- conveys the
impressions, fellings, insights or point
of view.

12. Text Structure
2. Definition
- This is used in explaining
unfamiliar terms.
- Used to explain or to
convince

13. Types of Definition
 1. Standard definitions
 2. Regulatory definitions
 3. Qualifying definitions
 4. Personal definitions
 5. Invented definitions

14. Text Structure
2. Definition
a. Standard definitions are
definitions which
meaning rarely change and is
universally accepted.

15. Text Structure
2. Definition
b. Regulatory definitions are the
meanings assigned
by organizations and changes
depending on how it is used.

16. Text Structure
2. Definition
c. Qualifying definitions-
meanings of the
words that are subjected for
interpretation.

17. Text Structure
2. Definition
d. Personal definitions are
definitions which depend on
the interpretations or assigned
meaning of the writer himself.

18. Text Structure
2. Definitions
e. Invented definitions meanings
given to words which are
newly- coined as already
being used in the society.

19. Text Structure
3. Classification
One of the strategies in the writing
which involves combining objects
or items into categories based on
distinct characteristics.

20. Text Structure
3. Classification
Official Classification- widely-known
and accepted categories.

21. Text Structure
3. Classification
Personal Classification- own
made categories

22. Text Structure
4. Comparison and Contrast
Comparison is how two object or
items are alike while
Contrast is to identify their
differences.

23. Text Structure
Two ways of using comparison and
contrast in writing
Chunking- the characteristics of the item
being compared are presented
separately
Sequencing- the attributes of objects are
presented point by point.

24. Text Structure
5. Cause and Effect
A writing strategy states or explains
reasons why things happen or
explains the results of certain
phenomena.

25. Synthesizing Academic Text

26.  Synthesizing simply means
combining. Instead of
summarizing the main points of
each source in turn, you put
together the ideas and findings of
multiple sources in order to make
an overall point.

27.  At the most basic level, this
involves looking for similarities
and differences between your
sources

28. Thesis Statement
A sentence or sentences
which summarizes
the main idea of the
paper.

29. Thesis Statement
Characteristics:
-Covers exactly the topic you want
to talk about, no more no less.

30. Thesis Statement
Characteristics:
- Lets your readers know what to
expect
- Usually appears in your paper’s
introductory paragraph

31. Thesis Statement
Characteristics:
- Helps you better organize and develop
the contents of your paper

32. Summarizing
- Involves condensing the text into
a short form
- It involves getting only the most
important parts of the material.
- A summary is normally a one-
third length og the original text

33. Paraphrasing
- Entails the use of rewording and
rephrasing of the original text.
- The rewording and paraphrasing
are done to achieve clarity of the
text

34. Paraphrasing
- A paraphrased material is
usually the same length as the
original text.

35. Outlining
-It is the process of Organizing
information gathered from
reading.
-Makes it possible to arrange the
ideas, details and examples based
on importance or chronology

36. Outlining
 Kind of Numbering System
Traditional
I.
A.
B.
1.
2.
a.
b.

37. Outlining
 Kind of numbering system
I.
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2

38. Outlining
 Types of Outline
Topic Outline- includes the specific
word or phrases
Sentence Outline- uses sentence or
sentences