Author: Ms Christa Maria Joel
Moderator- Dr. Vishak Surendra
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat
Father Muller Medical College
3rd Year MBBS (2016-2017)
Author: Ms Christa Maria Joel
Moderator- Dr. Vishak Surendra
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat
Father Muller Medical College
3rd Year MBBS (2016-2017)
Describe the structure and formation of the peritoneum with its developmental incorporation.
Demonstrate the destribution of peritoneum.
Correlate some clinical condition to its function and structure.
Presented by-
Dr. Subarna Das
Resident, MS Anatomy
Phase-A, Year-1, Block-2
Guided by-
Dr. K M Shamim
Prof. Department of Anatomy
BSMMU
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
Describe the structure and formation of the peritoneum with its developmental incorporation.
Demonstrate the destribution of peritoneum.
Correlate some clinical condition to its function and structure.
Presented by-
Dr. Subarna Das
Resident, MS Anatomy
Phase-A, Year-1, Block-2
Guided by-
Dr. K M Shamim
Prof. Department of Anatomy
BSMMU
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
The peritoneum and its functions by Thirumurugan.docxthiru murugan
The peritoneum and its functions:
The peritoneum is a continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera).
It acts to support the viscera, and provides pathways for blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera.
Structure of the Peritoneum:
• The peritoneum consists of two layers that are continuous with each other: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. Both types are made up of simple squamous epithelial cells called mesothelium.
Parts:
1. Parietal peritoneum
2. Visceral peritoneum
3. Peritoneal cavity
Parietal Peritoneum:
The parietal peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall. It is derived from somatic mesoderm in the embryo.
It receives the same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines; therefore, pain from the parietal peritoneum is well localized. Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, laceration and temperature.
Visceral Peritoneum:
The visceral peritoneum invaginates (turned inside out) to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera. It is derived from splanchnic mesoderm in the embryo.
The visceral peritoneum has the same autonomic nerve supply as the viscera it covers. Unlike the parietal peritoneum, pain from the visceral peritoneum is poorly localized and the visceral peritoneum is only sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation.
Peritoneal Cavity: The peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. It normally contains lubricating fluid
Peritoneal fluid: Peritoneal fluid is a serous fluid made by the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity which lubricates the surface of tissue that lines the abdominal wall and pelvic cavity. It covers most of the organs in the abdomen. An increased volume of peritoneal fluid is called ascites.
Peritoneum location:
• Abdominopelvic cavity is between diaphragm and pelvic floor. It includes abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
• The parietal peritoneum lines the walls of this cavity.
• The visceral peritoneum wraps around the abdominal organs, particularly stomach, liver, spleen and parts of small & large intestines.
• Organs inside the visceral peritoneum are called “Intraperitoneal.” The others are “retroperitoneal.”
Intraperitoneal & Retroperitoneal Organs:
The abdominal viscera can be divided anatomically by their relationship to the peritoneum. There are two main groups: Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs.
Intraperitoneal Organs:
• Intraperitoneal organs are enveloped by visceral peritoneum, which covers the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly. Examples include the stomach, liver and spleen.
Retroperitoneal Organs:
Retroperitoneal organs are covered in parietal peritoneum, and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface.
Mesentery:
• A mesentery is double layer of visceral peritoneum. It connects an Intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdom
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3. One of the folds of the peritoneum
that connect the stomach with
other abdominal organs, especially
the greater omentum or the lesser
omentum.
Definition:
n. pl. o·men·tums or o·men·ta (-t )
One of the folds of the peritoneum that connect the stomach with other abdominal organs, especially the greater omentum or the lesser omentum.
4. The omentum is like a blanket covering
all the intestine. On opening the belly,
it's the first thing seen.
7. The greater omentum is a large fold of
visceral peritoneum that hangs down from
the stomach. It extends from the greater
curvature of the stomach, passing in front of
the small intestines and reflects on itself to
ascend to the transverse colon before
reaching to the posterior abdominal wall.
8. Also known as:
great omentum
omentum majus
gastrocolic omentum
epiploon
in animals, caul
( "epiploon" from the Greek "epipleein" means
to float or sail on, since the greater omentum
appears to float on the surface of the
intestines.)
9. Embrological Development
The greater omentum develops from
the dorsal mesentery that connects
the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall
12. The lesser omentum is the double layer
of peritoneum that extends from the liver to
the lesser curvature of the stomach and the
start of the duodenum.
13. Also known as:
small omentum;
gastrohepatic omentum;
Latin: omentum minus
14.
15. Histology of Omentum
It is loose areolar connective tissue.
--Contains all types of cells , fibres and ground
substance.
Hence it used for,
--packing
--anchoring
--embedding
--joining different tissues
16. Functions
Fat deposition, having varying amounts
of adipose tissue
Immune contribution, having milky
spots of macrophage collections
Infection and wound isolation; It may also
physically limit the spread of intraperitoneal
infections.
The greater omentum can often be found
wrapped around areas of infection and trauma.
17. Policeman of Abdomen
because whenever something goes
wrong, the omentum is there to pile up on it
and seal it off.That's it's job. It stuffs up
against whatever has inflammation or
infection, and it scars down, sealing
holes, bringing blood flow and immune
function. It's really quite amazing that it does
this so well, considering it's just a dumb flap
of fat with some blood vessels in it
18. Omentectomy
Omentectomy refers to the surgical removal
of the omentum, a relatively simple
procedure with no major side effects, that is
performed in cases where there may be
spread of cancerous tissue into the omentum.
Examples:
ovarian cancer
advanced or aggressive endometrial cancer
intestinal cancer.
19. Difference between Mesentery
and Omentum
mesentery is the support tissue that the
intestine is rooted into.
The omentum is a fatty blanket that hangs
down in front of all of the intestines.