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Peritoneium
The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds organs. Mesenteries like the dorsal and ventral mesentery suspend and attach organs. The dorsal mesentery includes structures like the greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament, and splenorenal ligament. The ventral mesentery includes the falciform ligament, coronary and triangular ligaments, and lesser omentum with attachments like the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments. Peritoneal folds, recesses, and gutters provide pathways and spaces for structures in the abdomen.
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Peritoneium
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- 16. PERITONEUM • Functions: 1. Minimizefriction 2. Resist infection 3. Store fat 4. Pathway for neurovascular structures
- 17. PERITONEAL FLUID • Derivedfrom interstitial fluid of adjacent tissues • Contains water, electrolytes, proteins, macrophages and lymphocytes • Peritoneum is a semi-permeable membrane that allows fluid and cells to move in both directions • Composition varies according to pathological condition • Condition when there is excess fluid, usually due to inflammation or infection is called ascites
- 18. PERITONEAL STRUCTURES • Parietaland visceral layers – single layer of peritoneum • Mesentery – double layer that suspends gut tube, ie., dorsal mesentery and ventral mesentery • Omentum – special type of mesentery that attaches stomach to another structure, ie., greater omentum and lesser omentum • Peritoneal ligaments – double layer that attaches more solid viscera to abdominal wall or other organs • Peritoneal folds – raised, single layer of peritoneum coursing over blood vessels and ligaments
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- 20. Dorsal Root ofthe Mesentery
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- 22. VISCERAL PERITONEUM • Intraperitoneal –Organs nearly completely surrounded by peritoneum – Organs suspended by mesentery, omentum or ligament • Retroperitoneal – Organs only partially covered by peritoneum – Organs have no mesentery
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- 24. DORSAL MESOGASTRIUM 28 days • Rotationof stomach causes dorsal mesogastrium to balloon out to left • Creates the lesser sac or omental bursa 48 days
- 25. DORSAL MESOGASTRIUM • Splenorenal(lienorenal) ligament • Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) ligament
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- 28. DERIVATIVES OF DORSAL MESOGASTRIUM •Greater omentum (gastrocolic ligament) • Gastrosplenic ligament • Splenorenal ligament
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- 30. VENTRAL MESENTERY • Rotationof stomach moves liver and lesser omentum to right • Falciform ligament remains in midline
- 31. GREATER AND LESSERSACES
- 32. VENTRAL MESENTERY –LESSER OMENTUM • Falciform ligament Ligamentum teres • Lesser omentum Hepatogastric lig. Hepatoduodenal lig.
- 35. DERIVATIVES OF VENTRAL MESENTERY •Falciform, coronary & triangular ligaments • Visceral peritoneum of liver • Lesser omentum – Hepatogastric ligament – Hepatoduodenal ligament
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- 37. PERITONEAL FOLDS • Medianumbilical fold – median umbilical ligament • Medial umbilical folds – median umbilical ligaments • Lateral umbilical folds – inferior epigastrics
- 38. PARACOLIC GUTTERS • Longitudinalchannels running along medial and lateral sides of ascending and descending colon • Form where parietal peritoneum reflects onto colon as visceral peritoneum
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- 41. HEPATORENAL RECESS RIGHT SUBHEPATICRECESS (MORRISON’S POUCH) • One of the lowest points in the peritoneal cavity • Excess fluid/blood will pool in this area when patient is supine
- 42. Summary • Dorsal Mesentery • • • • • • • Dorsal mesogastrium Greateromentum Gastrosplenic ligament Lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament Dorsal Mesoduodenum Mesocolons (transverse and sigmoid) Ventral Mesentery • • • Falciform ligament Coronary and triangular ligaments Lesser omentum - hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Editor's Notes
- #3 Cavity with anterior abdomenal wall removed. Relatively unmolested abdominal cavity. Liver in blue. Greater omentum in purple: fold of parietal peritoneum; reservoir for fat rich lymphatic perfusion secretion of lubricating cleaning fluid
- #4 Profused by celiac artery: Spleen in red, pancreas in green, stomach in blue
- #5 Omentum removed. Red- superior mesenteric artery Small and large bowel
- #6 Small bowel flipped out of the way. Root of the small bowel in red
- #7 Cyphotic bisection; abdominal cavity magnified next slide
- #9 Perietal peritoneum (squamous cell membrane) in red Dorsal root of mesentery in green Lining of liver will come down, over stomach, creating greater omentum Lesser omentum in yellow
- #10 Greater omentum in blue
- #11 Lesser sac in green
- #12 9: root of mesentery 3: lesser sac 13: greater sac
- #13 Foregut= celiac artery Midgut= superior mesenteric artery Hindgut= inferior mesenteric artery
- #15 White broad= where organ is in contact with body wall Blue= lesser sac Pink= greater sac
- #16 Black line is where sagital section would be Organ attached to back wall= retroperitoneal
- #22 Squamous cells= red Artery = blue Lymph nodes= yellow
- #23 S nearly
- #24 S nearly
- #25 S nearly
- #26 S nearly
- #27 S nearly
- #28 S nearly
- #29 S nearly
- #30 S nearly
- #31 S nearly
- #32 S nearly
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- #36 S nearly
- #37 S nearly
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- #40 S nearly
- #42 S nearly