The document summarizes key concepts in plate tectonics. It describes how the Earth is divided into layers including the crust, mantle, and core. It explains that the crust is broken into plates that move around on the asthenosphere. There are three main types of plate boundaries: convergent where plates collide, divergent where they move apart, and transform where they slide past each other. Plate tectonics helps explain geological events like continental drift, mountain building, and volcanic activity.

1. Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Inside the Earth Section 1

2. Earth Layers The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Crust *Mantle *Core

3. The Crust * The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an apple. It is the outer most layer. *The crust makes up 1% of the Earth. * The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

4. The Mantle The mantle is the layer between the crust & the core. The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.

5. Core * The core extends from the bottom of the mantle to the center of the Earth. * The outer core is liquid. * The inner core is a solid.

6. Asthenosphere * Soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move.

7. Lithosphere The outermost ridge layer of the Earth

8. Mesosphere Beneath the Asthenosphere is the strongest part of the mantle

9. Outer Core Liquid layer of the Earth’s core

10. Inner Core Solid dense center of our planet

11. Tectonic Plates Pieces of the lithoshpere that move around on the top of the asthenosphere

12. Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Restless Continents Section 2

13. Continental Drift Continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past

14. The Break up of Pangea 245 Million years ago

15. Laurasia & Gondwana 180 Million years ago

16. North America, Eurasia, Africa, India, South America, Antarctica 65 Million years ago

17. Sea-floor spreading How a new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pulled away

18. Sea-floor spreading

19. Magnetic Reversal Earth’s magnetic poles change positions

20. Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics The theory of Plate Tectonics Section 3

21. Plate Tectonics Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around the top of the asthenosphere

22. Ridge Push Lithosphere is higher then it is where it sinks beneath the continental lithosphere

23. Slab Pull When an oceanic plate collides with the continental plate. The oceanic plate is forced into the asthenosphere

24. Convection Hotter material deep within the Earth rises while cooler material sinks

25. Convergent Boundaries When two tectonic plates push into one another Continental/Continental Collisions Continental/Oceanic Collusions Oceanic/Oceanic Collusions

26. Continental/Continental Collisions When 2 tectonic plates with continental crust collide

27. Continental/Oceanic Collusions When a tectonic plate with continental crust crashes into a plate with oceanic plates

28. Oceanic/Oceanic Collusions When two oceanic plates collide

29. Divergent Boundaries When two tectonic plates move away from one another Moving apart

30. Moving Apart Two tectonic plates move apart from each other

31. Transform Boundaries The boundary between two tectonic plates that slide past each other Sliding Past

32. Sliding Past Two tectonic plates slide past each other

33. Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Deforming the Earth’s Crust Section 4

34. Stress The amount of force that is put on a given material

35. Compression The type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed, when 2 tectonic plates collide

36. Tension Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object

37. Folding Rock layers bend due to compression of the Earth’s crust Anticline Syncline Monocline

38. Anticline

39. Syncline

40. Monocline

41. Fault The surface along which rocks break & slide past each other

42. Normal Fault The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

43. Reverse Fault The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

44. Strike-slip Fault Rocks break & move horizontally

45. Folded Mountains Rock layers are pushed upward

46. Fault Block Mountains Large blocks of the Earth’s crust drop relative to other blocks

47. Volcanic Mountains Form over the type of convergent boundaries that include subduction zones