The document outlines the three primary layers of the Earth: the crust, mantle, and core, highlighting their relative positions, densities, and compositions. It emphasizes the crust as the outermost and least dense layer, the mantle as the thickest layer that increases in density with depth, and the core as the innermost layer containing the densest materials. Additionally, it includes educational resources, project directions, and assessment checklists for comprehensively understanding the Earth's structure.

1. Layers of the Earth
Intro
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2. VIW’s
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core
4. Density
5. Composition
6. Lithosphere
7. Asthenosphere
8. Oceanic crust – basalt
9. Continental crust - granite

3. Learning Objectives
8-3
The student will demonstrate an
understanding of materials that determine the
structure of the Earth and the processes that
have altered this structure.
8-3.1
Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust,
mantle, and core – on the basis of relative
position, density, and composition.

4. Essential Information
• The Earth has layers that have specific conditions
(states) and composition (made up of).

5. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle
Core

6. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core

7. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core

8. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core

9. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core

10. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core

11. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core

12. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases Hot softened rock;
thickest layer; top with depth because contains iron and
portion called the of increasing magnesium
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core

13. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases Hot softened rock;
thickest layer; top with depth because contains iron and
portion called the of increasing magnesium
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material; Mostly iron and
of two parts – outer most dense layer nickel; outer core –
core and inner core slow flowing liquid,
inner core, solid

17. How can you use your hands to remember the layers of the Earth?

19. Draw and label all 3 layers of the Earth

20. • Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean,
thickest under continents; contains the
lithosphere

21. • Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called
the asthenosphere

22. • Inner layer, consists of two parts

23. • Heaviest material; most dense layer

24. • Density increases with depth because of
increasing pressure

25. • Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust
(basalt) is more dense than continental crust
(granite)

26. • Hot softened rock; contains iron and
magnesium

27. • Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygen
• Oceanic basalt
• Continental granite

28. • Mostly iron and nickel; outer slow flowing
liquid, inner part, solid

29. Solid Rock – mostly
silicon and oxygen
Oceanic crust – basalt;
Continental crust –
granite
Hot softened rock;
contains iron and
magnesium
Mostly iron and nickel;
outer core – slow flowing
liquid, inner core, solid

33. Layers of the Earth Project
Directions:
1. Accurately label the layers of the Earth
– Include the relative position
– Density
– composition
2. Include at least 3 major features for each Earth layer

34. M&M Earth’s

37. The lithosphere is a "rocky“ rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet.
On Earth, it comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle
that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or more.

38. Asthenosphere - is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere that
is involved in plate tectonic movements. The asthenosphere is a highly viscous,
mechanically weak deforming region, but pressures keeps it like a thick soupy
plastic. The Asthenosphere has a relatively low density so Seismic waves pass
relatively slowly through the asthenosphere compared to the overlying
lithosphere.

42. Geologists Notebook:
Digging Through Earth
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=AF8AEACA-F326-442B-A837-546E77BD2358&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

43. PoP- Layers of the Earth
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY

44. • The chart below shows data about the Earth's layers.
What information can be concluded from the information in the chart?
A. The temperature of the earth increases as you go deeper into the earth
B. The density of the earth gets greater as you go deeper into the earth
C. The temperature of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth
D. The density of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth

45. Use the table below to answer the following question:
The table above describes the layers of the Earth. Which
of the following correctly labels these layers?
A. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Crust ; Layer C = Mantle
B. Layer A = Mantle ; Layer B = Core ; Layer C = Crust
C. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Crust
D. Layer A = Crust ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Core

46. Which of the following statements is true about
Earth’s crust?
A. It is thicker under the continents than under the
ocean.
B. It is more dense than other layers.
C. It is the only layer where gravity exists.
D. It is the origin of the earth’s magnetic field.

47. Which of the following inferences help scientists
conclude Earth's magnetic poles are constantly
changing?
A. Earth contains a magnetic liquid.
B. Earth contains very dense solids.
C. Earth contains a magnetic solid.
D. Earth contains a very dense liquid.

48. Assessment Checklist
Summarize major points about the layers of Earth
Generalize major points about the crust
Generalize major points about the mantle
Generalize major points about the core of Earth
Compare the layers of the Earth
Classify and sequence the layers using
information
Identify each layer according to its properties

49. What does this evidence suggest
about Earth’s Structure?

52. My Model
Crust
Oceanic
Mantle Asthenosphere
crust
Outer core
Inner
core
lithosphere

55. Cool Websites
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgPbzEkzB
ek&feature=related