This document discusses the structure, propagation of light, modes of propagation, loss characteristics, wavelength dependence of attenuation, regeneration of digital signals, characteristics including dispersion, bandwidth, attenuation, microbend loss, numerical aperture, strength, and applications of optical fibers. Key topics covered include the core-cladding structure that allows total internal reflection of light, different propagation modes, factors that cause attenuation, uses in telecommunications, data transmission, imaging, sensing, and other industrial sectors.