3. Fiber optics is not really a new technology, it is
fairly old.
Guiding the light of refraction .
The principle that makes fiber optics possible, was
first demonstrated by Daniel colladon & Jacques
babinet in Paris in the early 1840s.
Alexander Graham Bell patented an optical
telephone system called the photo-phone in 1880.
His earlier invention, the telephone, proved to be
more realistic.
4. 1880- Alexander Graham Bell
1930- Patents on tubing
1950- Patents for two layer glass wave guide
1960- laser first used as light source
1965- high loss light of discovered
1970s- Refining of manufacturing process
1980s- Of technology becomes backbone of long
distance telephone network in NA.
5. The use of thin flexible fibers of glass or other
transparent solids to transmit light signals, chiefly for
telecommunications or for internal inspection of the
body.
6. Optical fiber is classified into two categories
based on :-
1. The number of modes
2. The refractive index
7. The optical fiber are classified into two groups:-
1. Single mode fiber (SMF)
2. Multi mode fiber ( MMF)
Single mode fiber :-
In single mode fiber
only one mode can
propagate through the
fiber. This type of fiber
has small core
diameter(5um) and
high cladding
diameter(70um).
Multi mode fiber :-
Multi mode fiber allows
a large number of modes
for the light of X_ray
travelling through it .
The core diameter is
(40um) and that cladding
is (70um).
8. Refraction is the changing direction of light when
it goes into a material of different density.
9. There are two types of refractive index
1. Step index - optical fiber
2. Granded – index optical fiber
Step index :-
The refractive index of core is constant. The
refractive index of cladding is also constant. The light
rays propagate through it in the form of meri-diagonal
rays.
Granded index:-
In this type of fiber core has a non uniform
refractive index that gradually decrease from the center
towards the core cladding interface.
10. Three steps are involved in the manufacturing of the
optical fiber which are given below;
Making a perform glass cylinder
Drawing the fiber’s from the perform
Testing the fiber
11. Fiber optics can accommodate a variety of needs
It can be used in communication, fiber optics sensor,
illumination, medical.
And also in other places where bright light needs to be
shone on a target without a clear the line of sight path.
Used in building to route sunlight from the roof to
other parts of building.
And many more usages but we will only discuss of
optical fiber in communication here.
12. o In telecommunication fields
o In space application
o Broadband Applications
o Computer appliances industrial applications
o Mining applications
o In medical application
o In military Applications.
13. Optical fiber can be used as a medium for
telecommunication and computer networking because
it is flexible and can be bundled as cables.
It is especially advantageous for long distance
communication because light propagate through the
fiber optics.
In June 2013 the researchers demonstrated
transmission of 400 G-bit/s over a single channel .
14. For short distance application, such as a network in an
office building fiber optics cabling can save in cable
ducts.
Fiber is also immune to electrical interface there is no
cross-talk between signals in different cables
They can be also in used environments where
explosive fumes are present without danger of
ignition.
15. Advantages:-
1. Low power loss
2. This allows for
longer transmission
3. Size
4. Weight
5. Safety
Disadvantageous
1. Cost
2. Transmission
3. Fragile
4. Protection
5. Point to point