This document provides information about optical fiber cables. It begins by classifying optical fibers into three types: step index single-mode fiber, step index multimode fiber, and graded index fiber. It then describes the construction of optical fibers, including the core, cladding, buffer, and jacket layers. Challenges of optical fiber transmission like attenuation, nonlinearity, and dispersion are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing applications of optical fiber in telecommunications and how capacity has rapidly increased over time.

1. IIMT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
OPTICAL FIBER
CABLE
Presented by: MUNNA KUMAR
B.Tech(E.C.-’A’)
3RD
yr.
Roll no.- 1037131040
Submitted to:-Dr. P. K. Singh
&
Mr. Pushpendra

2. OPTICAL FIBEROPTICAL FIBER

3. OPTIC FIBER
CABLE

4. FibrePropagation of Light inside the

5. ofc
Fibre Optic cable is guided
medium in which information
(voice, data or video) are
transmitted in the form light
from one place to other place.

7. CLASIFICATIONCLASIFICATION
1.STEP INDEX SINGLEMODE FIBER1.STEP INDEX SINGLEMODE FIBER
2.STEP INDEX MULTYMODE FIBER2.STEP INDEX MULTYMODE FIBER
3.GRADED INDEX FIBER3.GRADED INDEX FIBER

8. CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
• CORE:DIAMETER=8MICROMETERCORE:DIAMETER=8MICROMETER
• CLADDING:DIAMETER=125MICROMETERCLADDING:DIAMETER=125MICROMETER
• BUFFER:250BUFFER:250
• JACKET:400JACKET:400

9. OFC Construction
Parameters of Cabling
Tensile Strength ( Pull)
Crushing Resistance
Protection from Excess Bending
Abrasion Protection
Anti-Twist
Chemical protection

10. Single Mode Fibre
The Core dia is 8 to 10 Micrometer
A much smaller core Diameter
Cladding dia is 125 Micrometer
Very large bandwidth
Light can go for very long
distances
DWDM application (80 lamda)

11. MULTYMODEMULTYMODE
FIBERFIBER
Has a large Core Diameter
Core Diameter - 50, 62.5, 100 Micro meter
Cladding dia - 125 Micro meter
Light waves are dispersed into number of paths
Multiple path of light cause signal distortion
Suitable for shorter length like LAN

12. GRADEDINDEX FIBERGRADEDINDEX FIBER

13. COMPARISION Cu vs OFCCOMPARISION Cu vs OFC
• CuCu
1.FREQUENCY=MHz1.FREQUENCY=MHz
2.WB=2Mbps(30VC)2.WB=2Mbps(30VC)
3.INTRFRS=HIGH3.INTRFRS=HIGH
4.WT=HIGH4.WT=HIGH
5.DISTANCE=2-3Km5.DISTANCE=2-3Km
• OFCOFC
1.=GHz1.=GHz
2.WB=25Mbps(34000+VC)2.WB=25Mbps(34000+VC)
3.INT=LOW3.INT=LOW
4.WT =LOW4.WT =LOW
5.DIS=25Kma15.DIS=25Kma1

14. OPTICAL FIBEROPTICAL FIBER
PARAMETERPARAMETER
>FREQUENCY (WAVE LENTH)>FREQUENCY (WAVE LENTH)
>ATTENUATION>ATTENUATION
>WINDOW>WINDOW

15. TRANSMISSION CHALLENGESTRANSMISSION CHALLENGES..
>ATTENUATION>ATTENUATION
>NON LINEARITY>NON LINEARITY
>DISPERSION>DISPERSION

16. OFC SIZEOFC SIZE
>6FIBER>6FIBER
>12FIBER>12FIBER
>24FIBER>24FIBER
>48FIBER>48FIBER
>96FIBEF>96FIBEF
Standard drum length isStandard drum length is
2000M+10% or 4000m2000M+10% or 4000m

17. WINDOWSWINDOWS
• Window is range of wave length whereWindow is range of wave length where
attenuation is minimumattenuation is minimum
• 1).850nm---(800-850nm)1).850nm---(800-850nm)
• 2).1300nm---(1250-1300nm)2).1300nm---(1250-1300nm)
• 3).1550nm---(1500-1550nm)3).1550nm---(1500-1550nm)

18. AttenuationAttenuation
• Gradual losses in the intensity data informationGradual losses in the intensity data information
in ofc1win ofc1w
• 1).INTRINSIC:due to internal factor1).INTRINSIC:due to internal factor
Absorption, scatteringAbsorption, scattering
• 2).EXTRINSIC:due to bending of ofc2).EXTRINSIC:due to bending of ofc
(a)(a) Macro bendingMacro bending
(b)(b) Micro bendingMicro bending
(c)(c) Numerical apparatureNumerical apparature

19. OFC COM. SYS.OFC COM. SYS.

20. SPLICINGSPLICING
• Splicing is technique to joining of two opticalSplicing is technique to joining of two optical
fiber cable by the splicing machinefiber cable by the splicing machine
• There are two techniquesThere are two techniques
1).MECHANICAL1).MECHANICAL
2).FUSION : Is done by heating2).FUSION : Is done by heating

21. splicingsplicing

22. OTDROTDR
• Optical time domain reflectometer is a deviceOptical time domain reflectometer is a device
use to detect the distance at which ofc getuse to detect the distance at which ofc get
cutcut
• By this method OTDR is connected at oneBy this method OTDR is connected at one
end a laser beam is allow to flow in ofc it getend a laser beam is allow to flow in ofc it get
bounce back from the cutting point due tobounce back from the cutting point due to
change in R.Ichange in R.I
S=CTS=CT
C=SPEED OF LIGHTC=SPEED OF LIGHT
T=TOTAL TIME

23. OTDROTDR

24. Advantages of Optic Fibre
large bandwidth
 Low Loss - 0.5db per km
 Less number of Repeaters
 Small size & Light Weight - Easy
to handle
 Greater Safety - No Electric
Hazards
 Higher Security
 Available long length
 Universal medium

25. OFC Applications
Telecommunication /automation Network
Junction Network & Long Distance
Network
Submarine cable
High EMI areas
Explosive environment
High lightening area
Computer links & Local Area Network
Cable television
Medical Field , Automobile Field
Military application

26. Telecommunications
•Today’s Telecom is
growing
“Faster- Higher-
Stronger”.
•The contribution of
fibre towards this
trend is a major one.
•All optical network
will emerge.

27. 1844 Telegraph 5 bits /sec
1876 Telephone 2 kb/sec
1956 Trans Atlantic 1152 kb/sec
• OFC 45000 kb/sec
Today 2-3 Terra bit/sec
• The Transport Capacity of
OFC advances by 100 times
every 10 years
Improvements in Fibre

28. THANK YOU!