lecture presentation for fiber optics

1. FIBER OPTICS
ENGR. ALBERT ANTHONY DELGADO, MECE

2. FIBER OPTICS
Fiber optics is the
technology used to
transmit information as
pulses of light through
strands of fiber made
of glass or plastic over
long distances.

3. FIBER OPTICS
The optical fibers used in fiber optics are
sometimes made of plastic but most often are
made of glass. A typical glass optical fiber has a
diameter of 125 micrometers (μm) or 0.125 mm
(0.005 inches). Plastic fibers are made of
polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, or
polycarbonate.

4. FIBER OPTICS
Fiber optics telecommunication uses infrared
light in the wavelength ranges of 0.8–0.9 μm or
1.3–1.6 μm - wavelengths, efficiently generated
by light-emitting diodes or semiconductor
lasers and that suffer minimum attenuation in
glass fibers.

5. FIBER OPTICS
PARTS OF A FIBER OPTIC CABLE
1. Core
2. Cladding
3. Copper pipe
4. Coating
5. Strengthening fibers/Steel
strands
6. Sheathing/Cable jackets

6. TYPES OF FIBER OPTICS
I. SINGLE MODE FIBER
II. MULTIMODE FIBER

7. SINGLE MODE FIBER
A fiber featuring a small light-carrying core of
about 9 micrometers (µm) in diameter. For
reference, a human hair is closer to 100 µm. The
core is surrounded by a cladding that brings the
overall diameter of the optical fiber to 125 µm.

8. SINGLE MODE FIBER

9. MULTIMODE FIBER
A fiber with a core of 50 µm or above. A larger
core means multiple modes (or rays of light)
can travel down the core simultaneously. Just
like single mode, the core is surrounded by a
cladding that brings the overall diameter of
the optical fiber to 125 µm.

10. MULTIMODE FIBER

11. SINGLE MODE VS. MULTIMODE

12. SINGLE MODE VS. MULTIMODE

13. SINGLE MODE VS. MULTIMODE

14. FIBER OPTICS
APPLICATIONS OF FIBER OPTICS
1.Communications
2.Sensors
3.Power Transmission
4.Light guides in various applications

15. COMMUNICATIONS
Optical fiber is used as a medium for
telecommunication and computer networking because
it is flexible and can be bundled as cables. It is
especially advantageous for long-distance
communications, because infrared light propagates
through the fiber with much lower attenuation
compared to electricity in electrical cables. This allows
long distances to be spanned with few repeaters.

16. COMMUNICATIONS
DATE MILESTONE
2006 111 Gbit/s by NTT
2009
100 Pbit/s·km (15.5 Tbit/s over a single
7000 km fiber) by Bell Labs.
2011
101 Tbit/s (370 channels at 273 Gbit/s
each) on a single core.
January 2013
1.05 Pbit/s transmission through a
multi-core fiber cable.
June 2013
400 Gbit/s over a single channel using
4-mode orbital angular momentum
multiplexing

17. SENSORS
Optical fibers can be used as sensors to
measure strain, temperature, pressure, and
other quantities by modifying a fiber so that the
property being measured modulates the
intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength, or
transit time of light in the fiber.

18. POWER TRANSMISSION
Optical fiber can be used to transmit power using a
photovoltaic cell to convert the light into electricity. While
this method of power transmission is not as efficient as
conventional ones, it is especially useful in situations where
it is desirable not to have a metallic conductor as in the case
of use near MRI machines, which produce strong magnetic
fields. Other examples are for powering electronics in high-
powered antenna elements and measurement devices used
in high-voltage transmission equipment.

19. LIGHT GUIDES
Optical fibers are used as light guides in
medical and other applications where bright
light needs to be shone on a target without a
clear line-of-sight path. Many microscopes use
fiber-optic light sources to provide intense
illumination of samples being studied.

20. FIBER OPTICS
Optical fiber is also used in imaging optics. A coherent
bundle of fibers is used, sometimes along with lenses, for a
long, thin imaging device called an endoscope, which is
used to view objects through a small hole. Medical
endoscopes are used for minimally invasive exploratory or
surgical procedures. Industrial endoscopes (see fiberscope
or borescope) are used for inspecting anything hard to
reach, such as jet engine interiors.

21. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS
A fiber optic link budget, also known as a "loss
budget," indicates the total acceptable amount
of optical power loss (expressed in decibels)
that a fiber optic link can have. These losses
result from cables, connectors, splices, couplers
and equipment in the installed system.

22. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS

23. GENERAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
1. Fiber Loss Factor
2. Type of fiber
3. Transmitter
4. Receiver Sensitivity
5. Number and type of splices
6. Safety Margin

24. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS

25. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS

26. THANK YOU
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