This document discusses health and safety precautions for working with optical fibers. It outlines various eye safety measures as the broken ends of fibers can easily penetrate skin. Proper disposal of fiber scraps and not eating or drinking around work areas is important. When using chemicals, proper ventilation and avoiding skin contact is advised. Fire safety measures like not splicing in areas with flammable gases and prohibiting smoking are covered. Additional safety protocols are provided for excavation work near electric cables and public areas.
Case Study – PROFIBUS Network, Waveforms, Network screen currents, EMC measurement and Network screen currents
Control Specialists Ltd. were asked to provide site support on a 6-year old PROFIBUS installation.
The installation consisted of several separate PROFIBUS networks all of which had been suffering from intermittent network failures since the network had been commissioned.
The engineering staff of the client already had a portable PROFIBUS analyser and a permanent monitor but had been unable to identify the cause of the problems.
Case Study – PROFIBUS Network, Waveforms, Network screen currents, EMC measurement and Network screen currents
Control Specialists Ltd. were asked to provide site support on a 6-year old PROFIBUS installation.
The installation consisted of several separate PROFIBUS networks all of which had been suffering from intermittent network failures since the network had been commissioned.
The engineering staff of the client already had a portable PROFIBUS analyser and a permanent monitor but had been unable to identify the cause of the problems.
Construction is the industry mostly affected during monsoon season. Not only there are work delays but working in rain also cause some additional Health & Safety hazards. Some extra precautions must be taken to minimize the health risk during rainy season and workers should be trained to work during low visibility and slippery conditions.
At very high frequencies, every trace and pin is an RF emitter and receiver. If careful design practices are not followed, the unwanted signals can easily mask those a designer is trying to handle. The design choices begin at the architecture level and extend down to submillimeter placement of traces. There are tried and proven techniques for managing this process. The practical issues of real system design are covered in this session, along with ways to minimize signal degradation in the RF environment.
Signal Degradation In Optical Fiber
Losses in an optical fibre:-
The types of losses in a optical fibre are
Attenuation loss
Absorption
Scattering
Bending loss
Dispersion loss
Coupling loss
لكل المهتمين من المهندسين والمدربين التقنين في مجال الاليات والمعدات الثقيلة هذه المادة مفيدة في تشغيل الكرين في مجالات المناولة والرفع ارجو تنزيلها والاستفادة من محتواها
Construction is the industry mostly affected during monsoon season. Not only there are work delays but working in rain also cause some additional Health & Safety hazards. Some extra precautions must be taken to minimize the health risk during rainy season and workers should be trained to work during low visibility and slippery conditions.
At very high frequencies, every trace and pin is an RF emitter and receiver. If careful design practices are not followed, the unwanted signals can easily mask those a designer is trying to handle. The design choices begin at the architecture level and extend down to submillimeter placement of traces. There are tried and proven techniques for managing this process. The practical issues of real system design are covered in this session, along with ways to minimize signal degradation in the RF environment.
Signal Degradation In Optical Fiber
Losses in an optical fibre:-
The types of losses in a optical fibre are
Attenuation loss
Absorption
Scattering
Bending loss
Dispersion loss
Coupling loss
لكل المهتمين من المهندسين والمدربين التقنين في مجال الاليات والمعدات الثقيلة هذه المادة مفيدة في تشغيل الكرين في مجالات المناولة والرفع ارجو تنزيلها والاستفادة من محتواها
150 Question Answers | Occupational Health & SafetyMuhammad Usman
In this Presentation I have shared 150 Questions and their Answers related to basic Occupational Health and Safety. Learning these will add value to your Safety Knowledge.
Youtube Video Link : https://youtu.be/2_yVBfPo6zc
Case M4K Forklift Truck Service Repair Manualjksmemm ekmdm
This is the Highly Detailed factory service repair manual for theCASE M4K FORKLIFT TRUCK , this Service Manual has detailed illustrations as well as step by step instructions,It is 100 percents complete and intact. they are specifically written for the do-it-yourself-er as well as the experienced mechanic.CASE M4K FORKLIFT TRUCK Service Repair Workshop Manual provides step-by-step instructions based on the complete dis-assembly of the machine. It is this level of detail, along with hundreds of photos and illustrations, that guide the reader through each service and repair procedure. Complete download comes in pdf format which can work under all PC based windows operating system and Mac also, All pages are printable. Using this repair manual is an inexpensive way to keep your vehicle working properly.
Service Repair Covers:
Chapter 1 Introductory Information, Equipment Description and Data, and Theory of Operation
Chapter 2 Organizational Troubleshooting Procedures
Chapter 3 Direct Support Troubleshooting Procedures
Chapter 4 Organizational Maintenance Instructions
Chapter 5 Direct Support Maintenance Instructions
Chapter 6 General Support Maintenance Instructions
Chapter 7 Supporting Information
Parts Manual Covers:
Engine
Fuel System
Exhaust System
Cooling System
Electrical System
Transmission
Propeller and Propeller Shafts
File Format: PDF
Compatible: All Versions of Windows & Mac
Language: English
Requirements: Adobe PDF Reader
NO waiting, Buy from responsible seller and get INSTANT DOWNLOAD, Without wasting your hard-owned money on uncertainty or surprise! All pages are is great to haveCASE M4K FORKLIFT TRUCK Service Repair Workshop Manual.
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8
PROTOCOL FOR SAFE EXECUTION OF INFRA PROJECTS BY RAJESH PRASAD ED RVNL DT 04...Rajesh Prasad
The said paper was presented by Rajesh Prasad in IC TRAM 2018 (International Conference- Technological Advancement in Railways and Metro Projects at Manekshaw Centre New Delhi on 04.10.2018
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. Optical Fiber Splicer Health and Safety
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12 HEALTH AND SAFETY
STRUCTURE
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 OBJECTIVE
12.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
12.4 ALLIEDACTIVITIES
12.5 SUMMARY OF FIBRE HANDLING SAFETY RULES
12.6 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS
12.7 KEY LEARNING
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12.1 INTRODUCTION
When most people think of safety in fiber optic installations, the first thing that comes
to mind is eye damage from laser light in the fiber. They have an image of a laser burning
holes in metal or perhaps burning off warts. While these images may be real for their
applications, they have little relevance to most types of fiber optic communications. Eye
safety is an issue, but usually not from light in the fiber. However, fiber optics installation is
not without risks.
12.2 OBJECTIVE
After reading this unit, you should be able to understand:
Different safety precautions
Eye safety
Bare fiber safety
General Health and safety rules
12.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
12.3.1 EYE SAFETY
Safety glasses MUST be worn at all times during splicing work is performed on a
fibre cable. The biggest hazard when working with fibre optics is small and sharp shards of
the fibre produced when stripping or cleaving the cable.
12.3.2 BARE FIBER SAFETY
The broken ends of fibers and scraps of fiber created during termination and splicing
can be extremely dangerous. The ends are extremely sharp and can easily penetrate your skin.
They invariably break off and are very hard to find and remove. Sometimes a pair of tweezers
and perhaps a magnifying glass will get them out. Most of the time, you have to wait to let
them infect and work themselves out, which can be painful!
Be careful when handling fibers to not stick the broken ends into your fingers.
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Dispose of all scraps properly. Some people keep a piece of double stick tape on the bench to
stick fiber scraps onto. Prefer to use a dedicated container for all fiber scraps. In our training
programs, we use the same paper containers used for takeout at the deli, in the pint size, with
a lid. We put all the scraps in the container, then when finished, put on the lid, tape it and
dispose of it later. Do not drop fiber scraps on the floor where they will stick in carpets or
shoes and be carried elsewhere-like home!
Obviously do not eat or drink anywhere near the work area. Fiber scraps can get into
food or drink and be swallowed. The scraps can imbed themselves in you digestive system
and never be found. Doesn't sound too appetizing, does it?!
12.3.3 MATERIALS SAFETY
Fiber splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and
adhesives. The safety instructions defined for this substance should also be followed. If there
is confusion in usage of these products, ask the manufacturer for MSDS (Material Safety
Data Sheet). Remember the following instructions while working with materials.
Always work in well-ventilated areas
Avoid skin contact to materials involved as much as possible
Avoid using chemicals that cause allergic reactions.
Even simple isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner flammable and should be handle
appropriately.
Hexane Iso-Propanol
Type of
Exposure
Effect of
exposure
Emergency
Treatment
Effect of
exposure
Emergency
Treatment
Inhalation Irritation of
respiratory tract,
cough
Maintain
Respiration, Bed
rest
Irritation of
upper
respiratory tract
Remove victim to
fresh air area
Administer artificial
respiration if
breathing is regular
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Ingestion Nausea, Vomiting
Headache
Do not induce
vomiting,
immediately seek,
medical advice.
Drunkenness &
vomiting
Have a victim drink
water and milk,
seek medical aid
Contact
with skin
Irritation Wipe of affected
area of skin &
wash with soap &
water
Harmless to skin Wipe of affected
area of skin & wash
with soap & water
Contact
with eyes
Irritation Wash eyes with
plenty of water
for 15 minutes
Irritation Wash eyes with
plenty of water for
15 minutes
12.3.4 FIRE SAFETY
The fusion splices use an electric spark to make splice, so ensure that there are no
flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done.
Splicing should never be done in places manholes where gases can accumulate.
The cables are brought up to the surface into a splicing trailer where all fiber work is
done. So the splicing trailer is temperature-controlled and kept spotlessly clean to
ensure good splicing.
Smoking should not be allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking can
contribute to the dust problems in fibers, apart from the drainage of explosion posed
by them due to presence of combustible substances.
12.3.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN EXCAVATING OR WORKING IN
EXCAVATIONS CLOSE TO ELECTRIC CABLES
The Engineer- in-charge of the work should get full information from Electricity
under taking regarding any electric cables, which are known or suspected to exist near the
proposed excavation and unless this is done, excavation should not be carried out in the
section concerned. The electricity undertaking should be asked to send a representative and
work should be preceded with close consultation with them.
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Only wooden handled hand tools should be used until the electric cables have been
completely exposed. Power Cables, not laid in conduits, are usually protected from above by
a cover slab of concrete, brick or stone. They may or may not be protected on the sides. It is
safer, therefore, always to drive the point of the pickaxe downwards then uncovering a cable,
so that there is less chance of missing such warning slabs. No workman should be permitted
to work alone where there are electric cables involved. At least one more man should be
working near by so that help can be given quickly in case of an accident. If disconnection of
power could be arranged in that section it will be better. No electric cables shall be moved or
altered without the consent of the Electric Authority and they should be contacted to do the
needful. If an electric cable is damaged even slightly, it should be reported to the Electric
Authority and any warning bricks disturbed during excavation should be replaced while back
filling the trench. Before driving a spike into the ground, the presence of other underground
properties should be checked. Information on plans regarding the location of power cables
need not to be assumed as wholly accurate. Full precautions should be taken in the vicinity
until the power cable is uncovered. All electric cables should be regarded as being live and
consequently dangerous. Any power is generally dangerous, even low voltage proving fatal in
several cases.
12.3.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE WORKING IN PUBLIC STREET AND
ALONG RAILWAY LINES:
Where a road or footpath is to be opened up in the course of work, special care should
be taken to see that proper protection is provided to prevent any accidents from occurring.
Excavation work should be done in such a manner that it will not unduly cause inconvenience
to pedestrians or occupants of buildings or obstruct road traffic. Suitable bridges over open
trenches should be so planned that these are required for the minimum possible time. Where
bridges are constructed to accommodate vehicular traffic and is done near or on railway
property, it should be with the full consent and knowledge of the competent railway
authorities.
12.3.7 DANGER FROM FALLING MATERIAL
Care should be taken to see that apparatus, tools or other excavating implements or
excavated materials are not left in a dangerous or insecure position so as to fall or be knocked
into the trench thereby injuring any workman who may be working inside the trench.
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12.3.8 CARE WHEN WORKING IN EXCAVATIONS
Jumping into a trench is dangerous. If it is deep, workmen should be encouraged to
lower themselves. Workers should work at safe distance so as to avoid striking each other
accidentally with tools. If the walls of the trench contain glass bits, corroded wire or sharp
objects they should be removed carefully. If an obstruction is encountered, it should be
carefully uncovered and protected if necessary. If an obstruction is encountered, it should be
carefully uncovered and protected if necessary. Care must be taken to see that excavated
material is not left in such a position that it is likely to cause any accident or obstruction to a
roadway or waterway. If possible the excavated material should be put between the workmen
and the traffic without encroaching too much on the road.
12.3.9 DANGER OF CAVE IN
When working in deep trenches in loose soil, timbering up/shoring the sides will
prevent soil subsidence. The excavated material should be kept at sufficient distance from the
edge of the trench or pit. Vehicles or heavy equipment must not be permitted to approach too
close to the excavation.
When making tunneled opening, it should be ensured that the soil is compact enough
to prevent cave in even under adverse conditions of traffic. Extra care should be taken while
excavating near the foundations of buildings or retaining walls. In such cases, excavation
should be done gradually and as far as possible in the presence of the owners of the property.
12.3.10 PROTECTION OF EXCAVATIONS :
Excavations in populated areas, which are not likely to be filled up on the same day
should be protected by barriers or other effective means of preventing accidents and the
location of all such openings must in any event be indicated by red flags or other suitable
warning signs. During the hours from dusk to dawn, adequate number of red warning lamps
should be displayed. Supervisory officers should ensure that all excavations are adequately
protected in this manner as serious risk and responsibility is involved. Notwithstanding
adoption of the above mentioned precautions, works involving excavations should be so
arranged as to keep the extent of opened ground and the time to open it to a minimum.
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12.3.11 PRECAUTIONS WHILE WORKING ON ROADS
The period between half an hour after sun-set and half an hour before sunrise, and any
period of fog or abnormal darkness may also be considered as night for the purpose of these
instructions, for the purpose of providing the warning signs.
Excavation liable to cause danger to vehicles or the public must at all times be
protected with fencing of rope tied to strong uprights or bamboo poles at a suitable height or
by some other effective means. Any such temporary erection which is likely to cause
obstructions and which is not readily visible should be marked by posts carrying red flags or
boards with a red background by day and by continuously lighted lamps at night.
The flags and the lamps should be placed in conspicuous positions so as to indicate
the pedestrians and drivers of vehicles the full expanse i.e. both width and length of the
obstruction. The distance between lamps or between floors should not generally exceed 1.25
m along the width and 6m along length of the obstruction in non-congested areas, but 4
meters along the length in congested areas.
If the excavation is extensive, sufficient notice to give adequate warning of the danger
should be displayed consciously not less than 1.25 m above the ground and close to the
excavation. Where any excavation is not clearly visible for a distance of 25m to traffic
approaching from any direction or any part of the carriage way of the road in which the
excavation exists, a warning notice should be placed on the kerb or edge of all such roads
from which the excavation or as near the distance as is practicable but not less than 10 m
from the junction of an entering or intersecting road in which the excavation exists. All
warnings, in these should have a red background and should be clearly visible and legible.
All warning lamps should exhibit a red light, but white lights may be used in addition to
facilitate working at night. Wherever required a passage for pedestrians with foot bridge
should be provided. At excavations, cable drums, tools and all materials likely to offer
obstructions should be properly folded round and protected. This applies to jointer’s tents as
well. Leads, hoses etc. stretched and across the carriage way should be guarded adequately
for their own protection and also that of the public.
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12.3.12 TRAFFIC CONTROL
The police authorities are normally responsible for the control of traffic and may
require the setting up of traffic controls to reduce the inconvenience occasioned by
establishment of a single line of traffic due to restriction in road width or any other form of
obstruction caused by the work. As far as possible, such arrangements should be settled in
advance. If there are any specific regulations imposed by the local authorities, these should be
followed.
12.3.13 WORK ALONG RAILWAY LINES
Normally all works at Railway crossing is to be done under supervision of the railway
authorities concerned, but it is to be borne in mind that use of white, red or green flags by the
Departmental staff is positively forbidden to be used when working along a railway line as
this practice may cause an accident through engine drivers mistaking them for railway
signals. When working along a double line of railway, the men should be warned to keep a
sharp look on both the “UP” and ‘DOWN” lines to avoid the possibility of any accident when
trains pass or happen to cross one another near the work spot.
12.3.14 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR USE OF EXPLOSIVES DURING
BLASTING FOR TRENCHING:
In areas where the cable trench cannot be done manually on account of boulders and
rocks, it is necessary to blast the rocks by using suitable explosives. The quality of explosive
to be used depends on the nature of the rocks and the kind of boulders. A few types of
explosive fuses and detonators normally used for making trenches for cable works are
detailed below:
Gun powder
Nitrate Mixture
Gilatine
Safety fuse
Electric Detonator
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Ordinary Detonator
A detailed survey of the route is to be done to assess the length of the section where
trenching is to be done with the help of blasting. A route diagram of the rocky section may be
prepared indicating the length of the route where the explosives are to be used. For the
purpose of obtaining license, a longer length of route should be given in the application as in
many cases, after digging; rocks appear which was not initially anticipated.
Next a license will have to be obtained for use and storing of explosive in that section.
If the area falls under a police commissioner, the authority for granting such license is the
police commissioner of the concerned area. When the route does not fall in the jurisdiction of
a police commissioner, the authority for issuing license is the District Magistrate.
The concerned authority should be applied in prescribed form with a route map. The
concerned authority will make an enquiry and issue license for using/storing explosives for
cables trenching work. The license should be got renewed if the blasting operation needs to
be extended. Once the license is granted, it is the responsibility of the holders of the license
for the proper use of explosives, its transportation and storing.
12.3.15 PRECAUTIONS DURING THUNDER-STORM
When a thunder- storm appears to be imminent in the vicinity of a magazine or store
house every person engaged in or around such magazine and store house shall be withdrawn
to a safe distance from such magazine or store house and the magazine and store house shall
be kept closed and locked until the thunder storm has ceased or the threat of it has passed.
12.3.16 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
Every person holding a license granted under these rules for possession, sale or use of
explosives shall maintain records in the prescribed form and shall produce such record on
demand to an Inspection Officer.
12.3.17 PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED AT SITE
The electric power at the blasting site shall be discontinued as far as practicable
before charging the explosives. No work other than that associated with the charging
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operations shall be carried out within 10 meters of the holes unless otherwise specified to the
contrary by the licensing authority.
When charging is completed, any surplus explosive detonators and fuses shall be
removed from the vicinity of the hole and stored at a distance which should prevent
accidental detonation in the event of a charge detonating prematurely in any hole. The holes
which have been charged with explosive shall not be left unattended till the blasting is
completed. Care shall be taken to ensure that fuse or wires connected to the detonation are
not damaged during the placing of stemming materials and tamping.
12.3.18 SUITABLE WARNING PROCEDURE TO BE MAINTAINED
The licensee or a person appointed by the licensee to be in charge of the use of
explosives at the site shall lay down a clear warning procedure consisting of warning signs
and suitable signals and all persons employed in the area shall be made fully conversant with
such signs and signals.
12.4 ALLIEDACTIVITIES
12.4.1 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS:
The materials required for executing the work entrusted to the contractors against a
work order shall be made available at Project Store Depot. In some cases the materials may
be available at sub divisional store godown. The contractor shall be responsible for
transporting the materials, to be supplied by the BBNL or otherwise to execute the work
under the contract, to site at his/ their own cost. The costs of transportation are subsumed in
the standard Schedule Rates and therefore no separate charges are payable on this account.
12.4.2 DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CABLE DRUMS:
The contractor shall be responsible to dispose of the empty cable drums after laying of
the cables. The cost of various sizes of empty cable drums recoverable from the contractor
has been fixed taking into account the prevailing market rates as mentioned in this document.
It shall be obligatory on part of the contractor to dispose of the empty cable drums at
his/their level and the amount fixed for various empty cable drums shall be recovered from
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the bill for the work for which the drum (s) was/were issued or from any other amount due to
the contractor or the Security Deposit.
The contractor shall not be allowed to dump the empty cable drums in Govt./Public
place which may cause inconvenience to the BSNL / public.
12.4.3 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS:
There are some materials required to be supplied by the contractor for execution of
work under this contract like Bricks, Cement, Wire Mesh and Steel for protection, etc.,
besides using other consumables which do/don’t become the part of the asset. The contractor
shall ensure that the materials supplied are of best quality and workmanship and shall be
strictly in a accordance with the specifications.
12.4.4 SOCIAL AUDITING:
While carrying out the execution work of cable/Eqpt. in rural areas,
photography/videography may be carried out on sample basis for duration of 15 to 30
minutes per Gram Panchayat which may also involve the local people of the Gram
Panchayats and villages including the Gram Panchayat Pradhan (If possible) and same may
be submitted in a form of CD along with the documentation sets for information.
12.5 SUMMARY OF FIBRE HANDLING SAFETY RULES
Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they
can cause internal hemorrhaging.
Always wear safety glasses with side shields to protect your eyes from fiber shards or
splinters. Treat fiber optic splinters the same as you would treat glass splinters.
Keep track of all fiber and cable scraps and dispose of them properly. If available,
work on black work mats and wear disposable lab aprons to minimize fiber particles
on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can later get into food, drinks,
and/or be ingested by other means.
Never look directly into the end of fiber cables – especially with a microscope – until
you are positive that there is no light source at the other end – having tested it with a
12. Optical Fiber Splicer Health and Safety
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For Restricted Circulation
power meter. Use a fiber optic power meter to make certain the fiber is dark. When
using an optical tracer or continuity checker, look at the fiber from an angle at least 6
inches away from your eye to determine if the visible light is present.
Contact lens wearers must not handle their lenses until they have thoroughly washed
their hands.
Do not touch your eyes while working with fiber optic systems until your hands have
been thoroughly washed.
Ensure that Personal protection equipments like helmets, knee pads, safety boots,
safety glasses and trench guards are appropriately used as required
Only work in well-ventilated areas.
Keep all combustible materials safely away from the curing ovens and fusion splicers.
When finished with the lab, dispose of all scraps properly. Put all fiber scraps in a
properly marked container for disposal.
Thoroughly clean your work area when you are done.
12.6 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS
ITU-T manual on OF installation
EI of BSNL
EI on underground OF cable laying works by BBNL
Fiber Optics Technician's Manual
Understanding optical communication by Dutton
Planning Fiber Optic Networks by Bob Chomycz
www.timbercon.com
http://www.ofsoptics.com
http://www.thefoa.org/
http://www.corning.com
13. Optical Fiber Splicer Health and Safety
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For Restricted Circulation
http://www.fiber-optics.info
http://www.rp-photonics.com
http://www.occfiber.com and other websites
12.7 KEY LEARNING
Qu.1 Fill in the blanks
1. While using chemical cleaner follow the instruction of ………………………………….
2. Full form of MSDS is
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………….. must be worn at all times during splicing work is performed on
a fibre cable.
4. When finished with the lab, dispose of all …………………………………properly.
Qu.2 State True or False
1. The broken ends of fibers and scraps of fiber created during termination and splicing
can be extremely dangerous.
2. There are no flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done.
3. Smoking should be allowed around fiber optic work.
4. A license will have to be obtained for use and storing of explosive in that section.
5. Keep all food and beverages out of the work area.
6. Put all fiber scraps in a properly marked container for disposal.
7. Always look directly into the end of fiber cables.
8. Always wear safety glasses with side shields to protect your eyes from fiber shards or
splinters.
Notes:
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