1. The document provides safety guidelines for various workplace hazards and activities, including ladder safety, chemical handling, compressed air safety, electrical safety, fire safety, and more. 2. Key recommendations include using the proper protective equipment for each task, keeping work areas clean and uncluttered, following lockout/tagout procedures, and being aware of emergency plans and equipment. 3. Readers are advised to fully understand all safety instructions before engaging in any work and to seek guidance if they have questions.

1. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
LADDER SAFETY
Ladders (portable or fixed) are extensively used to carry out works at height. Misuse of
ladders is a cause for many accidents.
Here are some tips for safe use of ladders:
1. Use the right ladder for the job
2 - Examine the ladder for defects and damages.
3 - Keep the ladder away from electrical circuit.
4 - Place the ladder with the feet one quarter of its working height away from the
structure.
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5- Check your footwearbefore climbing a ladder
6 - Only one person should climb the ladder at a time.
7- Face the ladder when climbing up or down.
8 - Do not carry tools or materials in your hands as you climb a ladder.
9 - Don't stand on higher than third rung from the top of the ladder.

2. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
HANDLING CHEMICALS
The more you learn aboutthe chemicals you work with, the better your chances of
preventing an accident & protecting yourself.
Follow these guidelines for chemical handing:
1. Do not handle chemicals unless you are trained and authorized to do so.
2. Read the labels on chemical containers for the information.
3. Read Material Safety Data Sheet for information regarding the chemicals & its
hazards.
4. Follow manufacturer's instructions and your workplace training for chemicals.
5. Wear the right personal protective equipment depending on the chemical
involved.
6. Learn the procedure for removing & disposing of contaminated clothing.
7. Close chemical containers when not in use.
8. Make sure the containers are labeled.
9. Store chemicals according to manufacturer's instructions.
10. Know what to do in case of an emergency.
11. Wash before eating, drinking etc.
12. Keep beverages, food etc. out of work area.

3. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
COMPRESSED AIR SAFETY
Compressedair can blow particles into eyes rupture ear drum and cause serious
injuries. To use compressed air safety, keep these guidelines in mind:
1 - Make sure air tools & hoses are in good condition.
2 - Read & follow manufacturer’s instructions before using the tools.
3 - Never exceed the recommended pressure.
4 - Wear appropriate eye face ear protection.
5 - Warning signs should be posted in the area.
6 - Do not permit air hoses in traffic areas. This also presents tripping hazard.
7 - Do not use compressed air for cleaning debris in the area.
8 - Do not use compressed air for cleaning clothes. This may blow particles into
eyes and ingest compressed air into bloodstream.
9 - Never direct compressed air to yourself or any person.
10 - Never engage into or permit horseplay involving compressed air.
11 - Do not use ordinary compressed air for respiratory purposes.

4. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Following are some reminders about electrical safety:
1 - Keep electricity & moisture away from each other.
2 - Report any indication of electrical malfunction.
3 - Never attempt electrical repair unless you are qualified and authorized
4 - Do not alter plugs by removingthird pin of the plug to connect into two pin plug.
This defeats the safety of a ground wire.
5 - Extension cords should be used only temporarily.
6 - Use GFCI ELCB while using electrical tools, amid moisture or outdoors.
7 - Wear correct personal protective equipment.
8 - Stay away from high voltage installation.
9 - In case of an electrical shock, do not touch the affected person unless power
has been disconnected.
10. Never put water on electrical fire. Use correct fire extinguisher.

5. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
PROTECT YOUR HEARING
If you are getting used to being in a noisy workplace, chances you are suffering a
hearing loss. Hearing loss is generally gradual, painless and invisible but it is
permanent.
1. Use ear protection depending on the kind of job and kind of noise exposed to:
2. Ear plugs are inserted into ears and can be made of disposable foam, reusable
plastic or mounted on headpiece or cord.
3. Formable foam plugs expand in the ear to provide custom fit.
4. Keep them clean and throw them if they harden or do not expand.
5. Pre molded plugs fit the ear and come in different sizes. They last for several
months but should be kept clean and replaced if damaged.
6. Ear muffs are filled with liquid or foam and have hard cups with soft cushion
sealing. These provide the soundest protection.

6. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
FIRE SAFETY
Fire prevention is everyone's responsibility at work. Promptly report any fire
hazards so that they can be eliminated.
Follow these guidelines of fire prevention:
1. Maintain electrical equipment properly to avoid short circuit & overloading.
2. Do not overload circuits.
3. Store materials safely. Flammable materials should be stored safely.
4. Dispose of oil rags properly in covered containers.
5. Keep prophetic waste in specific containers and in wet condition.
6. Know the fire extinguisher and how to use it.
7. Fire extinguisher must be maintained and recharged as per schedule.
8. Do not obstruct fire extinguishers.

7. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
FIRE SAFETY
Class “A” Fire -Wood, paper, textiles, and other ordinary combustibles of Fires
Class “B” Fire - Flammable liquids, oils, solvents, paint, grease, etc.
Class “C” Fire - Electrical: Live or energized electric wires or equipment
Class “D” Fire - Flammable metals K
Class “K” Fire - Combustible cooking media / appliances using oils and fats cooking
Recommended Type of Extinguisher
Class “A” or “ABC” Extinguisher
Uses water, water-based chemical, foam, or multi-purpose dry chemical. A strictly Class A
extinguisher contains only water.
Class “ABC” or “BC” Extinguisher
Uses foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to put out the fire by smothering it or cutting off the
oxygen.
Class “ABC” or “BC” Extinguisher
Uses foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to put out fire by smothering it or cutting off the
oxygen.
Class “D” Extinguisher
Uses dry chemical to put out fire by smothering it or cutting off the oxygen.
Class “K” Extinguisher
Uses wet chemical or dry chemical type to put out fire by smothering it or cutting off the oxygen.

8. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE – P.A.S.S.
THE ACRONYM “P.A.S.S.” DESCRIBES THE FOUR-STEPS USED IN OPERATING
A FIRE EXTINGUISHER.
Pull: Pull the safety pin on the extinguisher.
Aim: Aim the hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
Squeeze: Squeeze the handle to discharge the material.
Sweep: Sweep the hose across the base of the fire from side to side.

9. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Falls are a leading cause of injury in all level of workplaces. These are caused by
slipping on a surface, tripping on an obstacle, while stepping off an elevated
surface etc. follow these tips to prevent falls:
1. Keep workplace free of obstacles & clutter.
2. Keep walking surface clean and dry.
3. Block barricade the areas while cleaning floors.
4. Wipe up the spills immediately or barricade temporarily.
5. Report hazards on surfaces immediately.
6. Avoid running cables or cords on the walkways.
7. Use ladders safely.
8. Ensure scaffolds are erected correctly & certified.
9. Wear proper footwear.
10. Maintain adequate illumination.
11. Do not jump from elevated surfaces.
12. Floor openings shall be covered & barricaded.
13. Never engage in horseplay.

10. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
WELDING
Welding is the method used to join metals together by heating.
Generalsafety precautions thatshould be observed:
1 - Only qualified and certified welders should carryout welding.
2 - Welder and helpersmustprotective equipmentsuch as leather
Aprons,safety boots,safety hats, welding shields,eye protectionand gloves.
3 - Protectadjoining areaby proper tarpaulin cageetc.
4 - Never weld or cut when the atmosphere is dusty, when exposed to
Stoniness.
5 - When you are welding in a high - risk fire area,a fire watch should be assigned
to stand by with appropriatefirefighting equipment.
6 - Arc - welding machinecables and cable connectionsmustbe clean undamaged
and of adequate capacity for the welding currentbeing used.
7 - Properear thing, groundingshould beprovided.
8 - Provide forced ventilation during weldingin confined space.

11. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
LIFTING APPLIANCES - SLINGS
Following safety guidelines should be followed before using lifting appliances with slings:
1. Us only properly tested and marked lifting tackle of adequate strength. Do not use faulty
or damaged lifting gear - report defects to your supervisor.
2. Neverexceedthe safe working load of the tackle. If in doubt about the weight of the load,
ask your supervisor. Referalways to the standard sling charts to find out the suitability of
the sling for the particular job.
3. Never drop lifting tackle or drag it from under a load - it weakens it.
4. Never tie knot in a chain to make it shorter.
5. See that there are no kinks or twists in chains or slings.
6. Use a proper safety hook - not a makeshift one.
7. Check that any support used to suspend the lifting tackle is strong enough for the job.
8. Use wood or other packing to protect the sling from any sharp edges on the load.
9. Positionthe lifting hook over the loadso as to prevent the load swinging when it is raised.
10.See that the load is free before the lift is taken.
11.Take your hands away from the sling before the lift begins and stand clear.
12.Keep clear of loads in motion and never stand under one.
13. Return lifting tackle to the store after use. Chains and slings must always be stored off the
floor and Check all the safety latches.

12. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
ENTRY INTO CONFINED SPACE
Confined space entry is not something to be taken lightly and not something to do on an
impulse, even if the impulse is to save a life.
Before entering any confined space, observe the following:
1 - Have an entry authorization authorizing you to proceed.
2 - Obey the instructions containedon the authorization, e.g. wearing PPE etc.
3 - Gas testshall be done before entry and periodically as per requirement.
4 - Ensure positive isolation(blind with tag) as per the blind list.
5 - Ensure availability of an attendant all the time.
6 - Isolate electricalequipment with provision of multi lock.
7 - Neverattempt to rescue anyone unless you are trained for rescue.
8 - Use appropriate personalprotective equipment.
9 - A person detailed for rescue service is available, equipped with breathing apparatus set
along with a rescue plan ( for critical entries ) .
10 - Provision of ventilation and communication facilities at site.
11 - Wearappropriate respiratory protection.
12 - Display all warning signs and associated permits & authorizations at the entrance.

13. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
AVOID HAND INJURIES
Your hands are two of your most important assets.
By recognizing hazards, following established safety guidelines, and using protective guards,
shields, gloves and other personal protective devices.
Here are some safety guidelines that can help you protect your hands:
1. Inspect tools, equipment and machinery before use to make sure that they are in good
operating condition.
2. Use the appropriate personal protective equipment - gloves, guards, forearm cuffs and
barrier creams (for example, when working with chemicals).
3. Always wear gloves to protect your hands from heat, acid, caustic, oil, sharp edges and
general wear & tear. Remember not to wear gloves near moving machinery as these can
trap the hand.
4. Disconnectpowerand follow established lockout procedures before repairing or cleaning
machinery, and use brushes to wipe away any debris.
5. Neverwearjeweler, such as rings, bracelets and watches, or loose clothing when working
with moving machine parts.
6 - Select tools designed to keep wrists straight to help avoid repetitive motion / overuse
problems.

14. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
POWER TOOLS
Power tools get the job done fast but these can also cause injuries such as eye injury,
electrical shock, cuttings fingers etc. while using power tools, here are some reminders about
power tool safety:
1 - Read & understand the manufacturer's instructions.
2 - Before using a portable electric tool, make sure the tool is in good order check for cords,
cables insulation etc.
3 - The tool must be grounded or double insulation.
4 - Electric cables must be kept away from water, oil, heat and sharp edges.
5 - Ensure you have the correct length of electric cables or compressed air hose serving the
apparatus if it is too short get a proper extension.
6 - Place the power switch in ' OFF ' position before plugging in the tool.
7 - Do not lift or drag power tools by their cables.
8 - Disconnect the tool before making any adjustment such as blades, bits etc.
9 - Check for tightness, all joints in air hoses to compressed air tools.
10 - Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment when using the
power tools. Avoid loose gloves or loose clothing.

15. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
11 - Pay attention to why you are doing and don't take your eyes off the job.
12 - Store tools, cables and hoses in a safe and tidy fashion.
HAND TOOLS
Whether you have a tool cabinetfilled with expensivetools or a kitchen junk drawer
containing a hammerand a screwdriver, you have to use hand tools safely.When
using hand tools, the following generalprinciplesshould be followed:
1 - Use the correcttool for the job.
2 - Do not use damaged or worn out tools.
3 - Never use a file without a handle - file tangs are dangerous.
4 - Use spanners thatfit the nut or bolt head properly.
5 - Keep your hands behind the cutting edge when using cutting tools
6 - If you use knives or scissors in your work,keep them in a safe place.
7 - Use reduced- sparking tools as instructed when there is a risk from flammable
or explosivematerial.
8 - Keep your tools clean and in good condition.Protectthe edges of sharp tools,
both when carried and in store.
9 - Wear appropriate personalprotectiveequipment.
10 - When working on heights, place tools in a box or on a sack to preventthem
falling on to the floor below.
11 - Keep tools in boxes or racks when notin use.
12 - Tie the tools with rope to preventfalling or hitting others.

16. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
HOUSEKEEPING
Housekeeping at workplace is part of your job. Keeping your workplace clean &
tidy helps avoid accidents, incidents, falls, cuts, fires & chemical exposures.
Follow these tips for safe workplace housekeeping:
1 - Keep all material & equipment in proper storage place when not.
2 - Keep aisles & walkways clear.
3 - Keep emergency equipment in good condition & free of obstacles
4 - Clean up spills immediately. Know whatto do to take care of chemical spills and
Keep properly in labeled containers.

17. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
5 - Keep trash & scrap cleaned regularly.
6 - Confine you’re eating & drinking to the food shelters only.
7 - Store prophetic waste in designated prophetic drums only in wet condition.
8 - Maintain electrical equipment, cords untangled & away from heat, moisture.
EYE PROTECTION
1 - Eyes are one of the most vulnerable parts of the body.
 They are susceptible to all kinds of injuries if not properly protected.
2 - Protectyour eyes from:
 Splash or spray of chemicals
 Dust or flying particles
 Sharp objects or splinters
 Extreme heat,fumes or mists
 Exposureto UV light, infrared raysetc.
3 - Wear right kind of protectiveeye wear such as safety glasses,goggles,face
shields, hoods, welding helmets etc.

18. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)
4 - Replace scratchedor broken lenses immediately.
5 - Learn to use eyewashand use them immediately when you getsomething in
your eyes.
6 - Use other safety measures to preventeye injuries such as:
 Protectivescreensfor flying particles
 Use enclosuresfor processes with dust, mist, vapor
 Exhaustsystem for dust& fumes
 Vacuuming for reducing dust
 Dampening of area to reduce dust
Working at Height
2 till 6 meter off the ground
"easy tasks"
Duration of work: less than 30 minutes
Carrying less than 10 kg
3 contact points (one hand is free for
work, the second hand is needed to
hold the ladder)
2 till 6 meter
"difficult tasks"
Duration of work: more than 30 minutes
Carrying more than 10 kg
or contact points < 3
(i.e. both hands are needed for the tasks,
dismantling or placing of valves)

19. SAFETY RULE
Prepared by Belete Demeke (OHS)