This PPT is all about Objectives of protein Engineerihg Contact: 9051573288 , ad572886@gmail.com Akash Das BMRIT 2nd Year

1. Objectives Of Protein Engineering
With Examples
By, Suman Kr Bhunia (BWU/BRI/19/002)
Arghya Patra (BWU/BRI/19/004)
Akash Das (BWU/BRI/19/005)
Paper Code- GEBT-301

2. Protein engineering can be defined as the
modification of protein structure with
recombinant DNA technology or chemical
treatment to get a desirable function for better
use in medicine, industry and agriculture.
Fig- 1: Image of Simple Illustration of Protein Engineering

3. There are many importance of protein engineering
like-
a) Protein Engineering is important to create a
superior enzyme to catalyze the production of high
value specific chemicals.
b) It is also important to produce enzyme in large
quantities.
c) In case of production of biological compounds
(include synthetic peptide, storage protein, and
synthetic drugs) superior to natural one, protein
engineering have an important role.

4. There are many techniques of protein engineering like-
Name Of The Techniques Of Protein Engineering
01. Rational design
02. Site-directed mutagenesis
03. Evolutionary methods/directed Evolution
04. Random mutagenesis
05. DNA shuffling
06. Molecular dynamics
07. Homology modeling
08. Computational methods
09. Designed divergent evolution
10. Mechanical engineering of elastomeric proteins

5. • The use of protein engineering for cancer treatment studies
is a major area of interest. Pretargeted
radioimmunotherapy has been discussed as a potential
cancer treatment.
• The use of novel antibodies as anticancer agents is also an
important field of application and protein engineering
methods are used to modify antibodies to target cancer cells
for clinical applications.
Fig- 2: Image of Explanation of Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy

6. • Pharmacokinetic properties of antibodies have been
improved by protein engineering and antibody variants
of different size and antigen binding sites have been
produced for the ultimate use as imaging probes
specific to target tissues.
• Molecular imaging tools based on antibodies will find
more applications in the future regarding diagnosis and
treatment of cancer and other complex diseases.
Fig- 3: Explanation of Molecular Imaging

7. • Important application area of protein engineering
regarding food industry is the wheat gluten proteins.
Their heterologous expression and protein
engineering has been studied using a variety Of
expression systems, such as E.coli, veasts or
cultured insect cells.
Fig- 4: Image of bread Fig- 5: Image of chesse

8. • Food industry makes use of a variety of food-
processing enzymes, such as amylases and lipases,
the properties of which are improved using recombinant
DNA technology and protein engineering. The deletion
of native genes encoding extracellular proteases, for
example, increased enzyme production yields of
microbial hosts.
• Some large groups of enzymes like Proteases,
Amylases and Lipases are important for food as they
have a broad range of industrial applications.
• Proteases are used in several applications of food
industry regarding low allergenic infant formulas, milk
clotting and flavors. Lipases are used in many
applications of food industry like in cheese flavoring
applications.

9. • Applications For Biopolymer Production Industry:
Protein engineering applications for biopolymer
production are also promising. Particularly, peptides are
becoming increasingly important as biomaterials because
of their specific physical, chemical and biological
properties.
There are many uses in commercial industry of protein engineering
like-
Fig- 6: Image of Preparation of Biopolymer

10. • Applications For Nanobiotech Industry:
Nanobiotechnology applications of protein engineering are becoming
increasingly important. The synthesis and assembly of
nanotechnological systems into functional structures and devices has
been difficult and limiting their potential applications for a long time.
• Applications For Redox Proteins And Enzymes Industry:
Improvement of redox proteins and enzymes by protein engineering
is also an important application field. Such proteins and enzymes can
be modified to be used in nanodevices for nanobiotechnology
applications.
Fig- 7: Image of Explanation of Nanoboitech Fig- 8: Image of Redox Proteins

11. • Environmental applications of enzyme and protein engineering are
also another important field.
• Genetic methods and strategies for designing microorganisms to
eliminate environmental pollutants and included gene expression
regulation to provide high catalytic activity under environmental
stress conditions, such as the presence of a toxic compound, rational
changes introduced in regulatory proteins that control catabolic
activities, creation of new metabolic routes and combinations.
• Many organic pollutants such as phenols, azo dyes ,
organophosphorus pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
can be detoxified using enzymatic oxidation.
Fig- 9: Images of G.M Bacteria

12. • Thermostability :
Several structural parameters contribute to the
thermostability of a lipase, primarily polarity of enzyme
surfaces such as the lid domain. Since there are many
candidate amino acid sites for possible mutations, as
compared to rational design, directed evolution is
generally more efficient in exploring all potential mutants.
Specific examples of how various protein engineering
techniques has been used to improve thermostability, organic
solvent stability and substrate specificity of lipases-
Fig- 10: Enhancing The Thermostability Of Rhizopus Oryzae Lipase

13. • Stability in Organic Solvent:
Most hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues face towards
the core and the surface, respectively, a change in surface
hydrophobicity would influence lipase contact with
solvents. Therefore, modifications of surface residues of
lipases, particularly in the loop region, can lead to
improved enzyme stability in organic solvents. For this,
similar to the case of thermostability, it appears that
directed evolution may be more efficient than the rational
design method.
• Catalytic Activity and Substrate Specificity:
Designing regions of lid and substrate-binding site has
proven to be effective to modify the activity of lipase,
suggesting that site-directed mutagenesis method is an
efficient approach.

14. THANK YOU