Watch video: https://youtu.be/zFc3RRVKkxE This lecture teaches about different types of essays for the O level English (1123) exam. It describes argumentative, descriptive and expository essays.

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O Level English 03: Essay Writing
(Code 103)
Dr Zafar Ullah; zafarullah76@gmail.com
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2. Meaning of an Essay
● French word, "to try" or "to attempt".
● “Prose composition with a focused subject of discussion”
● Francis Bacon,
● Aldous Huxley
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3. Types of Essays
● Argumentative
● Descriptive
● Narrative
● Expository
● Literary Essays
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4. Argumentative Essay
● Argue logically
● Present examples
● Give historical allusions
● Present statistics
● Causes and effects
● Personal feelings and observations
● Compare and contrast
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5. Argumentative O Level Essay Topics
● ‘Every generation should move on and forget the beliefs and
practices of previous generations.’ How far do you agree with this?
Give reasons and details to support your views. (June, 2021 paper)
● ‘Sport is not just good for exercise – it teaches us lessons about
values and behaviour.’ Do you think this is true? Give reasons and
details to support your view. (June, 2021 paper)
● The use of motorcars is the greatest threat to the environment. Do
you agree? (2012)
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6. Descriptive Essay
● Describe scenes, things, object, person, place, experience, emotion,
situation
● Present pictorial words
● Express feelings, thoughts, and personal experiences
● Use vivid language
● Write figurative language
● Show expressions with 5 senses
● Stir reader’s imaginative power too
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7. Descriptive Essay Topics
● Describe two very different places you know where people buy food.
The places may be shops, restaurants, markets or any other
(Remember you are describing the atmosphere and any people there,
as well as the places. (June, 2021 paper)
● Describe an annual event which you enjoy and explain why it is so
important to you. (2012)
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8. Narrative
● Use a first person or third person narrative. Prefer first person
narrative technique.
● Include an introduction, plot, characters, setting, climax, and
conclusion.
● Do not make it a story.
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9. Narrative Essay Topics
● The year when the whole world suffered from a pandemic.
● The moment of success.
● How travelling to the countryside can change your worldview?
● What do you consider to be your greatest achievement? Why does it
mean so much to you? (2013)
● The way we dress reveals who we are’ What are your views? (2013)
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10. Expository Essay
● To introduce a concept
● To explain a new thing/ policy/ technology
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11. Expository Essay Topics
● Quantum Computers and Their Effects
● Nanotechnology
● SpaceX
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12. Brainstorm
● Think and jot down key ideas
● Arrange ideas
● Read extensively
● Write 3, 4 quotes www.brainyquotes.com
● Write 1 verse from a poem
● Compile
● Read summary of a best-selling book on the topic
Google Books
Z library https://pk1lib.org/
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13. Structure of an Essay
● Topic
● Outline (optional) (Do not write in O level)
● Introductory paragraph (thesis statement)
● Body paragraphs 3 to 5 (given points)
● Concluding paragraph
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14. Introductory Paragraph
● Hook (quote/ statistics/ joke/ hyperbole)
● Define
● Thesis statement
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15. Body of the Essay
● Write 3 points of your question paper
● Write 3 paragraphs
● Develop narratology
● Establish thoughts, arguments
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16. Concluding Paragraph
● To sum up
● Summarize
● Add quote
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17. Tips
● Time management, time distribution for questions
● Point out the main idea
● Cover all aspects
● Accuracy
● Vocabulary
● Variety of sentence structure
● Use of transitional words
● Add quotation from www.brainyquotes.com
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18. Qualities of 27-30 Marks Answers
● Highly accurate writing, apart from very occasional slips. • Sentence structures
varied for particular effects. • Verb forms largely correct and appropriate tenses
consistently used. • Vocabulary wide and precise. • Punctuation accurate and
helpful. • Spelling accurate, apart from very occasional slips. • Paragraphs have
unity, are linked, and show evidence of planning. Appropriateness and Content
• Consistently relevant. Interest aroused and sustained. • Tone and register
entirely appropriate. • Descriptions have well–developed images helping to
create complex atmospheres. • Arguments are well developed, logical, even
complex. • Narratives are complex, sophisticated, possibly tense, and may
contain devices such as flashbacks
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20. Thank you.
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